تبیین نقش حمایت اجتماعی در کمک‌جویی درمان زنان با تجربه‌ی بی‌اختیاری ادرار

نوع مقاله : مقاله های پژوهشی

10.22122/jims.v39i615.13565

چکیده

مقدمه: بی‌اختیاری ادرار، عارضه‌ی مزمن و یک استیگمای اجتماعی (Social stigma) است. از عوامل مهم و تأثیرگذار بر توانایی کنار آمدن بیماران با ماهیت‌های مزمن، حمایت اجتماعی است که بر رفتارهای بیماران اثرگذار است و سبب تغییر کیفیت زندگی می‌شود، اما حمایت اجتماعی می‌تواند روشی برای ارتقای کمک‌جویی درمان نیز باشد. هدف از انجام این مطالعه، تبیین نقش حمایت اجتماعی بر کمک‌جویی درمان زنان با تجربه‌ی بی‌اختیاری ادرار می‌باشد.
روش‌ها: در این مطالعه‌ی کیفی، 20 زن با تجربه‌ی بی‌اختیاری ادراری، مراجعه کننده به بیمارستان‌های آموزشی- درمانی شهر تهران به صورت هدفمند انتخاب شدند. جمع‌آوری اطلاعات با استفاده از مصاحبه‌های نیمه ساختارمند و عمیق انجام شد. برای واکاوی داده‌ها، از نرم‌افزار مکس کیودا (MAXQDA) استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: تحلیل تجارب مشارکت کنندگان، دو درون‌مایه را نمایان ساخت. درون‌مایه‌ی خلأ حمایتی شامل سه طبقه‌ی اصلی «حمایت اطلاعاتی ناکارآمد اطرافیان»، «فقدان حمایت همسر»، «فقدان حمایت خانواده» و درون‌مایه‌ی حمایت فعال شامل دو طبقه‌ی اصلی «حمایت اطلاعاتی اطرافیان»، «همدلی همسر» بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: حمایت اجتماعی کارآمد از منابع متفاوت همچون همسر، خانواده و دوستان، می‌تواند بر ترغیب و ایجاد رفتارهای کمک‌جویی درمان زنان با بی‌اختیاری ادرار نقش مثبت به‌سزایی داشته باشند؛ در حالی که حمایت اجتماعی منفی و ناکارآمد اطرافیان، می‌تواند از موانع مهم در پی‌گیری برای درمان بیماری محسوب شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Exploring the Role of Social Support in Treatment Seeking among the Women with Experience of Urinary Incontinence

چکیده [English]

Background: Urinary incontinence is a chronic complication and a social stigma. One of the important and influential factors on the ability of patients to cope with the nature of chronic diseases is social support that affects patients’ behaviors, and changes the quality of life. However, social support can also be a way to improve treatment-seeking help. The aim of this study was to explore the role of social support in treatment seeking among the women with experience of urinary incontinence.
Methods: In this qualitative study, 20 women with experience of urinary incontinence referred to teaching hospitals in Tehran, Iran, were purposefully selected. Data collection was done through semi-structured and in-depth interviews. MAXQDA software was used for data analysis.
Findings: In the data analysis of participants' experiences, two themes were emerged, support deficiency theme including three main categories of “incompetent information support by others”, “lack of spouse support”, and “lack of family support”, and active support theme including two main categories of “informative support by others” and “spouse empathy”.
Conclusion: Effective social support from different sources such as spouse, family, and friends can play a significant positive role in encouraging and creating treatment-seeking behaviors in women with urinary incontinence. While negative and inefficient social support by others can be considered as important obstacles in pursuing the treatment of the disease.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Social support
  • Woman
  • Urinary incontinence
  • Qualitative evaluation
Rekers H, Drogendijk AC, Valkenburg H, Riphagen F. Urinary incontinence in women from 35 to 79 years of age: Prevalence and consequences. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1992; 43(3): 229-34.
Swanson JG, Kaczorowski J, Skelly J, Finkelstein M. Urinary incontinence: common problem among women over 45. Can Fam Physician 2005; 51: 84-5.
Rashidi F, Hajian S, Darvish S, Alavi Majd H. Prevalence of urinary incontinence in Iranian women: systematic review and meta-analysis. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil 2019; 21(12): 94-102. [In Persian].
Charalambous S, Trantafylidis A. Impact of urinary incontinence on quality of life. Pelviperineology 2009; 28: 51-3.
Torkzadeh A, Poormomeni AA, Zargham M. The effect of two types of exercise therapy on improvement of stress urinary incontinence in women. J Isfahan Med Sch 2016; 34(378): 341-6. [In Persian].
Park S, Yeoum S, Kim Y, Kwon HJ. Self-management experiences of older Korean women with urinary incontinence: A descriptive qualitative study using focus groups. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 2017; 44(6): 572-7.
Cohen S. Social relationships and health. Am Psychol 2004; 59(8): 676-84.
Lotfi R, Ramezani Tehrani F, Yaghmaei F. Social support and HIV prevention among women “at risk”: A qualitative study. Payesh 2013; 12(5): 467-78. [In Persian].
Gulliver A, Griffiths KM, Christensen H. Barriers and facilitators to mental health help-seeking for young elite athletes: A qualitative study. BMC Psychiatry 2012; 12: 157.
Fonseca A, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Womens help-seeking behaviours for depressive symptoms during the perinatal period: Socio-demographic and clinical correlates and perceived barriers to seeking professional help. Midwifery 2015; 31(12): 1177-85.
Offer D, Howard KI, Schonert KA, Ostrov E. To whom do adolescents turn for help? Differences between disturbed and nondisturbed adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1991; 30(4): 623-30.
Kingston D, Tough S, Whitfield H. Prenatal and postpartum maternal psychological distress and infant development: a systematic review. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2012; 43(5): 683-714.
Mokhlesi SS, Kariman N, Ebadi A, Khoshnejad F, Dabiri F. psychometric properties of the questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis of married women of Qom city in 2015. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2017; 15(10): 955-66. [In Persian].
Graneheim UH, Lundman B. Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: Concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Educ Today 2004; 24(2): 105-12.
Wu C, Wang K, Sun T, Xu D, Palmer MH. Predicting help-seeking intention of women with urinary incontinence in Jinan, China: A theory of planned behaviour model. J Clin Nurs 2015; 24 (3-4): 457-64.
Taghani R, Ashrafizaveh A, Ghanbari SM, Azmoude E, Tatari M. Marital satisfaction and its associated factors at reproductive age women referred to health centers. J Educ Health Promot 2019; 8: 133.
Duralde ER, Rowen TS. Urinary incontinence and associated female sexual dysfunction. Sex Med Rev 2017; 5(4): 470-85.
Noroozi V. The impact of family's behavior styles on the student's mental conditions and their viewpoint on human-relationships at school. Journal of Educational Innovations 2004; 2(6): 31-56. [In Persian].
Videon TM, Manning CK. Influences on adolescent eating patterns: The importance of family meals. J Adolesc Health 2003; 32(5): 365-73.
Vethanayagam N, Orrell A, Dahlberg L, McKee KJ, Orme S, Parker SG, et al. Understanding help-seeking in older people with urinary incontinence: an interview study. Health Soc Care Community 2017; 25(3): 1061-9.