Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Cinnamomum on Strychnine-Induced Seizure in Mice

Document Type : Original Article (s)

Authors

1 Student of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

4 Student, Sama Technical and Vocational Training College, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch, Sanandaj, Iran

5 Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

6 Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

Abstract

Background: Seizure is defined as abnormal electrical discharges of neurons in central nervous system (CNS) that leads to a temporary dysfunction of brain. Cinnamomum is an herbal medicine used in Chinese and Indian alternative medicine as a sedative agent. This study aimed to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Cinnamomum on strychnine-induced seizure.Methods: Forty male mice weighting 25-35 g, were randomly selected and divided into 5 groups of 8. The animals received either extract vehicle [dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) + saline], cinnamomum hydroalcoholic extract (100, 200 or 400 mg/kg) or diazepam (10 mg/kg), as the positive control, intraperitoneally. In all groups, thirty minutes later, strychnine (1.5 mg/kg) was injected and the seizure latency and duration and the mortality rate were registered.Findings: The seizure latency significantly delayed in animals treated with 200 or 400 mg/kg of cinnamomum extract compared to the control. In addition, the seizure attacks reduced by 25% and 37.5% in animals received 200 or 400 mg/kg of the extract, respectively. The above treatment reduced strychnine-induced mortality compared to the control group.Conclusion: We found that hydroalcoholic cinnamomum extract could prevent the strychnine-induced seizure.

Keywords

References

  1. Mcneil O. About epilepsy center. Epilepsy Care 2005; 19 (2): 1-2.
  2. Katzung B, Masters S, Trevor A. Basic and clinical pharmacology. 12th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Medical; 2012. p. 399-422.
  3. Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson JL, Fauci AS. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 16th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Professional; 2004.p. 2357-72.
  4. Connolly AM, Northcott E, Cairns DR, McIntyre J, Christie J, Berroya A, et al. Quality of life of children with benign rolandic epilepsy. Pediatr Neurol 2006; 35(4): 240-5.
  5. Karceski SC. Seizure medications and their side effects. Neurology 2007; 69(22): E27-E29.
  6. Khan A, Safdar M, Ali Khan MM, Khattak KN, Anderson RA. Cinnamon improves glucose and lipids of people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003; 26(12): 3215-8.
  7. Shen Y, Fukushima M, Ito Y, Muraki E, Hosono T, Seki T, et al. Verification of the antidiabetic effects of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) using insulin-uncontrolled type 1 diabetic rats and cultured adipocytes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2010; 74(12): 2418-25.
  8. Ouattara B, Simard RE, Holley RA, Piette GJ, Begin A. Antibacterial activity of selected fatty acids and essential oils against six meat spoilage organisms. Int J Food Microbiol 1997; 37(2-3): 155-62.
  9. Brahmachari S, Jana A, Pahan K. Sodium benzoate, a metabolite of cinnamon and a food additive, reduces microglial and astroglial inflammatory responses. J Immunol 2009; 183(9): 5917-27.
  10. Duke JA. Handbook of medicinal herbs. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2002. p. 99-113.
  11. Avicenna. The Canon of medicine. Trans. Shrafkandi A. 1st ed. Tehran, Iran: Soroush Press; 2008. p. 116. [In Persian].
  12. Aynehchi Y. Pharmacognosy and medicinal plant of Iran. 1st ed. Tehran, Iran: Tehran University Publication; 1986. p. 261-2. [In Persian].
  13. Liao BC, Hsieh CW, Liu YC, Tzeng TT, Sun YW, Wung BS. Cinnamaldehyde inhibits the tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced expression of cell adhesion molecules in endothelial cells by suppressing NF-kappaB activation: effects upon IkappaB and Nrf2. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008; 229(2): 161-71.
  14. Moattar F, Shams Ardakani MR. Civil works of Hakim Seyed Esmaeil Jorjani. In: Moattar F, Shams Ardakani MR, Mosadegh M, Safizadeh F, Jafari M. Proceedings of Congress of Honouring Hakim Seyed Esmaeil Jarjani; 2002; Tehran, Iran: Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences; 2002. p. 17-9.
  15. Willis WD. Role of neurotransmitters in sensitization of pain responses. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001; 933: 142-56.
  16. Chen SJ, Wang MH, Chen IJ. Antiplatelet and calcium inhibitory properties of eugenol and sodium eugenol acetate. Gen Pharmacol 1996; 27(4): 629-33.
  17. Cho JS, Kim TH, Lim JM, Song JH. Effects of eugenol on Na+ currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Brain Res 2008; 1243: 53-62.
  18. Hashemi A, Nayebi A, Sadegi MR, Faramarzi A, Delazar A, Rezazadeh H. Study of the methanolic extract of Peganum seeds on convulsion induced by strychnine in Swiss mice. Pharm Sci 2009; 15(3): 257-62.
  19. Kar DM, Rout SK, Moharana L, Majumdar S. Evaluation of anticonvulsant activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Mussaenda philippica on animals. Journal of Acute Disease 2014; 3(1): 46-50.
  20. Ong ES. Extraction methods and chemical standardization of botanicals and herbal preparations. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 812(1-2): 23-33.
  21. Jayaprakasha GK, Rao LJ. Chemistry, biogenesis, and biological activities of Cinnamomum zeylanicum. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2011; 51(6): 547-62.
  22. Javed I, Faisal I, Rahman Z, Khan MZ, Muhammad F, Aslam B, et al. Lipid lowering effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum in hyperlipidaemic albino rabbits. Pak J Pharm Sci 2012; 25(1): 141-7.
  23. Ranasinghe P, Jayawardana R, Galappaththy P, Constantine GR, de Vas GN, Katulanda P. Efficacy and safety of 'true' cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) as a pharmaceutical agent in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabet Med 2012; 29(12): 1480-92.
  24. Jayaprakasha GK, Negi PS, Jena BS, Jagan Mohan Rao L. Antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of Cinnamomum zeylanicum fruit extracts. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 2007; 20(3-4): 330-6.
  25. Mathew S, Abraham TE. Studies on the antioxidant activities of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) bark extracts, through various in vitro models. Food Chemistry 2006; 94(4): 520-8.
  26. Ranjbar A, Ghasmeinezhad S, Zamani H, Malekirad AA, Baiaty A, Mohammadirad A, et al. Antioxidative stress potential of cinnamomum zeylanicum in humans: a comparative cross-sectional clinical study. Therapy 2006; 3(1): 113-7.
  27. Atta AH, Alkofahi A. Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of some Jordanian medicinal plant extracts. J Ethnopharmacol 1998; 60(2): 117-24.
  28. Cao H, Urban JF, Jr., Anderson RA. Cinnamon polyphenol extract affects immune responses by regulating anti- and proinflammatory and glucose transporter gene expression in mouse macrophages. J Nutr 2008; 138(5): 833-40.
  29. Arzi A, Sarkaki A, Aghel N, Nazari Z, Saeidnejad S. Study of analgesic effect of hydroalcoholic extract of cinammom. Sci Med J 2011; 10(3): 271–9.
  30. Guenette SA, Ross A, Marier JF, Beaudry F, Vachon P. Pharmacokinetics of eugenol and its effects on thermal hypersensitivity in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 562(1-2): 60-7.
  31. Chao LK, Hua KF, Hsu HY, Cheng SS, Lin IF, Chen CJ, et al. Cinnamaldehyde inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion from monocytes/macrophages through suppression of intracellular signaling. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46(1): 220-31.
  32. Muller M, Pape HC, Speckmann EJ, Gorji A. Effect of eugenol on spreading depression and epileptiform discharges in rat neocortical and hippocampal tissues. Neuroscience 2006; 140(2): 743-51.
Journal of Isfahan Medical School
Volume 32, Issue 299 - Serial Number 299
July and August 2014
Pages 1388-1395

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 14 May 2014
  • Revise Date:
  • Accept Date: 06 April 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics