Evaluation of the Geographical and Anatomical Structure of Different Ecotypes of Medicinal Plant Acorus Calamus L, and Investigating the Phytochemical Performance of the Essential Oil and the Biological Activity of Extracts from the Plant Organs of Habitats

Document Type : Original Article(s)

Authors

1 Researcher, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Herbal Medicines and Metabolic Disorders, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, AND PhD in Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

4 Associate Professor, Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

5 Professor, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Background: Their growing place in ecotypes, preparation, research and processing are important. The plant with the scientific name Acorus calamus L. has extraordinary properties that have been emphasized by Iranian scientists such as Avicenna, Zakaria Razi and Alavi Khorasani Shirazi. Preparing, identifying and studying it has been neglected due to the difficulty of the work and the suspicion that this plant does not exist in Iran and the first comprehensive and review article on Vaj in Iran has been done by the authors of this research. This study was carried out with the aim of conducting and aggregating various investigations and experiments in order to know more about this plant in terms of the properties and medicinal effects of its essential oil and extract.
Methods: Following comprehensive and field studies of different ecotypes of A.calamus in Iran, from 4 habitats in Mazandaran province (Rudpusht_Geleh Kola Sofla,Kordkheil_(F1), Arzefun_(F2), Plesk (F3) and Alendan–Azni_(F4) was prepared. The stages of drying, herbarium, anatomical and morphological identification, extraction of essential oil and investigation of its phytochemical function, preparation of extracts and investigation of biological activity of plant organs (aerial and underground) from different regions were evaluated.
Findings: After finding the herbarium and geographical information of A.calamus and the results of examining the morphological and anatomical characteristics of its different organs were presented in this project. The efficiency of the essential oil in the underground organ has been higher than in the aerial one. The total amount of essential oil extracted from the underground and aerial organs was the highest in F4 ecotype. In 4 ecotypes, 407 peaks (with an average of 101.75) and 446 peaks (with an average of 115.5) were reported from the essential oils of underground and aerial organs, respectively, and medicinal compounds such as asarone, celine, camphene and epishyobunone were observed. The antioxidant activity of the aqueous extracts of the leaves was significant in different populations, and the best performance was related to the aqueous extract of the underground part of the plant in the F2 population with an IC50 of 222.1611 ± 3.74 mg/ml.
Conclusion: Diversity in the ecosystem and characteristics of the growing area is important and affects the medicinal performance of plants. The chemical compounds of the essential oil F2B and F1A had a stronger performance, and in the extract, the ecosystem F2 was better. Overall, the plant organs had good effectiveness and performance and could be useful as an effective medicinal plant and a strong antioxidant (cancer prevention), which requires further laboratory, animal and clinical studies.

Highlights

Hamed Fathi: PubMed , Google Scholar

Gholamreza  Bakhshi Khaniki: PubMed , Google Scholar

Mehdi Mogharabi Manzari: Google Scholar 

Abbas Gholipour: Google Scholar 

Mohammad Ali Ebrahimi: Google Scholar

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Isfahan Medical School
Volume 43, Issue 810
2nd Week, June
May and June 2025
Pages 346-362

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History

  • Receive Date: 18 January 2025
  • Accept Date: 08 April 2025

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