Effects of 12 Weeks of Endurance Training on Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (sICAM-1) (Cardiovascular Inflammation Factor) and Lipid Profiles of Elderly Men

Document Type : Original Article (s)

Authors

1 Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Fars Sciencs and Research Branch, Shiraz, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, zahedan, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Fars Sciences and Research Branch, Shiraz, Iran

Abstract

Background: Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) has been identified as a biomarker of cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 12 weeks of endurance training on sICAM-1, as a cardiovascular inflammation factor, and lipid profiles of elderly men.Methods: Among elderly men who volunteered to participate in this study, 24 persons were randomly selected and divided into two groups of control (n = 12) and intervention (n = 12). Training was performed 3 sessions a week for 12 weeks. The time and intensity (50-75% of maximum heart rate) of exercises were fixed. Blood sampling was conducted after 14 hours of fasting and 24 hours after the last session of training both in similar conditions. The commercial kit of Diaclone (France) was used for biochemical analysis and evaluation of sICAM-1 values. In order to evaluate lipid profiles, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reader (Hyperion, Pars Azmoon Co., Iran) was used. The resulting data was analyzed in SPSS15 using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, paired-t, and student's-t tests at a significance level of α ≤ 0.05.Findings: The results of this study revealed that 12 weeks of endurance training significantly reduced sICAM-1 values (P ≤ 0.05) as a new biomarker for the prediction of cardiovascular accidents. However, no significant reduction (P ≥ 0.05) was observed in lipid profile values (total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) of elderly men.Conclusion: By noticing significant reductions in inflammatory biomarker of sICAM-1, despite the absence of significant reductions in lipid profile values, caused by endurance training, perhaps sICAM-1 biomarker can be introduced as a more sensitive and accurate marker for the prediction of cardiovascular diseases.

Keywords

References

  1. Danneskiold-Samsoe B, Kofod V, Munter J, Grimby G, Schnohr P, Jensen G. Muscle strength and functional capacity in 78-81-year-old men and women. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1984; 52(3): 310-4.
  2. Goldhammer E, Tanchilevitch A, Maor I, Beniamini Y, Rosenschein U, Sagiv M. Exercise training modulates cytokines activity in coronary heart disease patients. Int J Cardiol 2005; 100(1): 93-9.
  3. Bassey EJ, Fiatarone MA, O'Neill EF, Kelly M, Evans WJ, Lipsitz LA. Leg extensor power and functional performance in very old men and women. Clin Sci (Lond) 1992; 82(3): 321-7.
  4. Hopper CA, Gruber MB, Munoz KD, MacConnie SE, Pfingston YM, Nguyen K. Relationship of blood cholesterol to body composition, physical fitness, and dietary intake measures in third-grade children and their parents. Res Q Exerc Sport 2001; 72(2): 182-8.
  5. Mogharnasi M, Gaeini AA, Javadi E, Kordi MR, Ravasi AA, Sheikholeslami Vatani D. The effect of endurance training on inflammatory biomarkers and lipid profiles in wistar rats. WJSS 2009; 2(2): 82-9.
  6. Dabidi Roshan V, Gaeini AA, Ravasi AA, Javadi E. The effect of the continuous of CRP of astrain wistar 14848 rats. Olympic quarterly 2005; 13(2): 7-22. [In Persian].
  7. Blake GJ, Ridker PM. Inflammatory bio-markers and cardiovascular risk prediction. J Intern Med 2002; 252(4): 283-94.
  8. Paffen E, DeMaat MP. C-reactive protein in atherosclerosis: A causal factor? Cardiovasc Res 2006; 71(1): 30-9.
  9. Ridker PM, Rifai N, Rose L, Buring JE, Cook NR. Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 2002; 347(20): 1557-65.
  10. Alizadeh N, Pezeshki M, Khoramizadeh MR, Noorozi M, Saadat F, Safavifar F. Role of adhesion molecules in health and disease. Teb va Tazkiyeh 2004; 13(1): 105-12. [In Persian].
  11. Fatouros IG, Tournis S, Leontsini D, Jamurtas AZ, Sxina M, Thomakos P, et al. Leptin and adiponectin responses in overweight inactive elderly following resistance training and detraining are intensity related. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90(11): 5970-7.
  12. Adamopoulos S, Parissis J, Kroupis C, Georgiadis M, Karatzas D, Karavolias G, et al. Physical training reduces peripheral markers of inflammation in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 2001; 22(9): 791-7.
  13. Zoppini G, Targher G, Zamboni C, Venturi C, Cacciatori V, Moghetti P, et al. Effects of moderate-intensity exercise training on plasma biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in older patients with type 2 diabetes. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2006; 16(8): 543-9.
  14. Akimoto T, Furudate M, Saitoh M, Sugiura K, Waku T, Akama T, et al. Increased plasma concentrations of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 after strenuous exercise associated with muscle damage. Eur J Appl Physiol 2002; 86(3): 185-90.
  15. Rankovic G, Milicic B, Savic T, Dindic B, Mancev Z, Pesic G. Effects of physical exercise on inflammatory parameters and risk for repeated acute coronary syndrome in patients with ischemic heart disease. Vojnosanit Pregl 2009; 66(1): 44-8.
  16. Nielsen HG, Lyberg T. Long-distance running modulates the expression of leucocyte and endothelial adhesion molecules. Scand J Immunol 2004; 60(4): 356-62.
  17. Burneiko RC, Diniz YS, Galhardi CM, Rodrigues HG, Ebaid GM, Faine LA, et al. Interaction of hypercaloric diet and physical exercise on lipid profile, oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 44(7): 1167-72.
  18. Baptista S, Piloto N, Reis F, Teixeira-de-Lemos E, Garrido AP, Dias A, et al. Treadmill running and swimming imposes distinct cardiovascular physiological adaptations in the rat: focus on serotonergic and sympathetic nervous systems modulation. Acta Physiol Hung 2008; 95(4): 365-81.
  19. Guerra RL, Prado WL, Cheik NC, Viana FP, Botero JP, Vendramini RC, et al. Effects of 2 or 5 consecutive exercise days on adipocyte area and lipid parameters in Wistar rats. Lipids Health Dis 2007; 6: 16.
  20. Ghanbari-Niaki A, Khabazian BM, Hossaini-Kakhak SA, Rahbarizadeh F, Hedayati M. Treadmill exercise enhances ABCA1 expression in rat liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 361(4): 841-6.
  21. Blake GJ, Ridker PM. Novel clinical markers of vascular wall inflammation. Circ Res 2001; 89(9): 763-71.
  22. Witkowska AM. Soluble ICAM-1: a marker of vascular inflammation and lifestyle. Cytokine 2005; 31(2): 127-34.
  23. Puglisi MJ, Vaishnav U, Shrestha S, Torres-Gonzalez M, Wood RJ, Volek JS, et al. Raisins and additional walking have distinct effects on plasma lipids and inflammatory cytokines. Lipids Health Dis 2008; 7: 14.
  24. Rothenbacher D, Hoffmeister A, Brenner H, Koenig W. Physical activity, coronary heart disease, and inflammatory response. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163(10): 1200-5.
Journal of Isfahan Medical School
Volume 29, Issue 155 - Serial Number 155
September and October 2011
Pages 1426-1434

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 30 November 2011
  • Revise Date: 01 June 2024
  • Accept Date: 06 April 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics