Evaluation of Magnesium Level and Associated Factors in Patients under Peritoneal Dialysis

Document Type : Original Article (s)

Authors

1 Professor, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

2 Student of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

5 Nurse, Peritoneal Dialysis, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Background: Given the high prevalence of chronic renal failure worldwide, and the fact that kidneys are the major means of magnesium excretion from the body, it is speculated that the incidence risk of magnesium balance disorder would be high in patients under peritoneal dialysis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the mentioned patients’ magnesium level and specify the effective factors in this regard.Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed on 210 patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis that referred to Alzahra and Khorshid hospitals in Isfahan City, Iran. Patients’ demographic data such as age, sex, education status, cause of failure, type of comorbidity, duration of dialysis, and type of dialysis solution were recorded. In addition, the patients’ serum levels of magnesium, calcium, parathyroid hormone, and KT/V renal levels (in which K was dialyzer clearance of urea, T was dialysis time, and V was the volume of distribution of urea in patient's total body) were also assessed.Findings: The patients’ mean magnesium level was 2.39 ± 0.39 mg/dl. There was no significant difference in the magnesium level between the men and women. Moreover, no significant difference was observed among the administrations of various dialysis solutions including dextrose 1.5%, 2.5%, and 4.25% as well as icodextrin 7.5% (P > 0.05). However, hypertension had a significant inverse effect with magnesium level (coefficient effect : -0.100; P < 0.05).Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the magnesium level was normal in patients under peritoneal dialysis. However, hypertension had a significant reverse effect on magnesium level, which was lower in patients with hypertension.

Keywords

References

  1. Kanbay M, Goldsmith D, Uyar ME, Turgut F, Covic A. Magnesium in chronic kidney disease: Challenges and opportunities. Blood Purif 2010; 29(3): 280-92.
  2. Spiegel DM. Magnesium in chronic kidney disease: Unanswered questions. Blood Purif 2011; 31(1-3): 172-6.
  3. Yang X, Soohoo M, Streja E, Rivara MB, Obi Y, Adams SV, et al. Serum magnesium levels and hospitalization and mortality in incident peritoneal dialysis patients: A cohort study. Am J Kidney Dis 2016; 68(4): 619-27.
  4. Ye H, Zhang X, Guo Q, Huang N, Mao H, Yu X, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with hypomagnesemia in Southern Chinese continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. Perit Dial Int 2013; 33(4): 450-4.
  5. Rippe B, Venturoli D, Simonsen O, de Arteaga J. Fluid and electrolyte transport across the peritoneal membrane during CAPD according to the three-pore model. Perit Dial Int 2004; 24(1): 10-27.
  6. Alhosaini M, Leehey DJ. Magnesium and dialysis: The neglected cation. Am J Kidney Dis 2015; 66(3): 523-31.
  7. Wu J, Xun P, Tang Q, Cai W, He K. Circulating magnesium levels and incidence of coronary heart diseases, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Nutr J 2017; 16(1): 60.
  8. Dey R, Rajappa M, Parameswaran S, Revathy G. Hypomagnesemia and atherogenic dyslipidemia in chronic kidney disease: Surrogate markers for increased cardiovascular risk. Clin Exp Nephrol 2015; 19(6): 1054-61.
  9. Molnar AO, Biyani M, Hammond I, Harmon JP, Lavoie S, McCormick B, et al. Lower serum magnesium is associated with vascular calcification in peritoneal dialysis patients: A cross sectional study. BMC Nephrol 2017; 18(1): 129.
  10. Flink EB. Magnesium deficiency. Etiology and clinical spectrum. Acta Med Scand Suppl 1981; 647: 125-37.
  11. Monfared A, Orangpour R, Mousavian Roushan Zamir SA, Aghajani Nargesi D. Reasons of chronic renal failure in hemodialysis patients in Guilan Province. J Guilan Univ Med Sci 2003; 12(46): 76-83. [In Persian].
  12. Dialysis and Transplantation Registration Group. The report about the registration of dialysis and transplantation in China 1999. Chin J Nephrol 2001; 17: 77–8.
  13. Hyodo T, Hirawa N, Hayashi M, Than KMM, Tuyen DG, Pattanasittangkur K, et al. Present status of renal replacement therapy at 2015 in Asian countries (Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, China, and Japan). Ren Replace Ther 2017; 3(1): 11.
  14. Latha K, Varma A. Pre and post dialysis variations in serum lipid profile among end stage renal disease patients. J Clin Diagn Res 2 2018; 12(9): BC05-BC09.
  15. Verma D, Chahande S. Correlation of serum magnesium with lipid profile in CKD patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Int J Sci 2016; 5(2): 1798-801.
  16. Moshtaghi Kashanian G, Rashtchi N, Ardakani H, Ghorbani Haghjoo A. Evaluation the affecting factors in lipid peroxidation of hemodialysis and renal transplanted patients. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2007; 6(1): 15-24. [In Persian].
  17. Vormann J. Magnesium: Nutrition and metabolism. Mol Aspects Med 2003; 24(1-3): 27-37.
  18. Piperi C, Kalofoutis C, Tzivras M, Troupis T, Skenderis A, Kalofoutis A. Effects of hemodialysis on serum lipids and phospholipids of end-stage renal failure patients. Mol Cell Biochem 2004; 265(1-2): 57-61.
  19. Blaine J, Chonchol M, Levi M. Renal control of calcium, phosphate, and magnesium homeostasis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 10(7): 1257-72.
  20. Mazzaferro S, Barberi S, Scarda A, Pasquali M, Rubino F, D'Erasmo E. Ionised and total serum magnesium in renal transplant patients. J Nephrol 2002; 15(3): 275-80.
  21. Ahmadi F, Naseri R, Lesanpezeshki M. Relationship of serum magnesium levels and other metabolic indices in renal transplant recipients receiving cyclosporine. Tehran Univ Med J 2008; 66(7): 492-7. [In Persian].
  22. Thakur V, Kumar R, Dhawan IK. Correlation between serum magnesium and blood cyclosporine A concentrations in renal transplant recipients. Ann Clin Biochem 2002; 39(Pt 1): 70-2.
  23. Vannini SD, Mazzola BL, Rodoni L, Truttmann AC, Wermuth B, Bianchetti MG, et al. Permanently reduced plasma ionized magnesium among renal transplant recipients on cyclosporine. Transpl Int 1999; 12(4): 244-9.
  24. Noursadeghi E, Ghasemi A, Faraji F, Zahedi Asl S. Magnesium deficiency and the role of oral magnesium on plasma glucose and insulin levels in diabetic rats. Iran J Diabetes Lipid Disord 2009; 7(4): 355-361. [In Persian].
Journal of Isfahan Medical School
Volume 38, Issue 576 - Serial Number 576
March and April 2020
Pages 332-338

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 18 August 2019
  • Revise Date: 27 May 2024
  • Accept Date: 06 April 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics