تمایز اسپرم از منظر اسکلت سلولی با تمرکز بر میکروتوبولوم: پنجره‌ای جدید در شناخت زوایای ناشناخته‌ی ناباروری مردان

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد، پژوهشگاه رویان، پژوهشکده زیست‌شناسی و علوم پزشکی تولید مثل جهاد دانشگاهی، مرکز تحقیقات پزشکی تولید مثل، گروه اندوکرینولوژی و ناباروری زنان، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکترای بیولوژی تولید مثل، گروه آناتومی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران و پژوهشگاه رویان، پژوهشکده زیست شناسی و علوم پزشکی تولید مثل جهاد دانشگاهی، مرکز تحقیقات پزشکی تولید مثل، گروه اندوکرینولوژی و ناباروری زنان، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه زنان و زایمان، بیمارستان موسوی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زنجان، زنجان، ایران

4 استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات بیوتکنولوژی تولید مثل، پژوهشکده فناوری‌های نوین علوم پزشکی، جهاد دانشگاهی، تهران، ایران

5 کارشناسی ارشد، گروه آناتومی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران

6 دانشیار، گروه آندرولوژی، مرکز تحقیقات پزشکی تولید مثل، پژوهشکده‌ی زیست‌شناسی و علوم پزشکی تولید مثل جهاد دانشگاهی، پژوهشگاه رویان، تهران، ایران

7 استاد، پژوهشگاه رویان، پژوهشکده‌ی زیست فناوری جهاد دانشگاهی، مرکز تحقیقات پزشکی تولید مثل، گروه زیست فناوری جانوری، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

مقاله مروری




بر اساس تعریف سازمان بهداشت جهانی، ناباروری به ناتوانی زوجین در رسیدن به بارداری پس از حداقل یک سال رابطه‌ی جنسی محافظت نشده اطلاق می‌گردد. ناباروری در مردان حدود نیمی از علل مختلف دخیل در ناباروری زوجین را تشکیل می‌دهد. هدف این مقاله، بررسی سلولی و مولکولی تمایز اسپرم با تمرکز بر ساختار اسکلت سلولی، میکروتوبول‌ها، رشته‌های اکتین، پروتئین‌های حرکتی و غیرحرکتی، بررسی ژن‌های شناخته شده مرتبط با تشکیل و عملکرد آن‌ها و پروتئین‌های دخیل در نقل و انتقال درون سلولی و در نهایت بررسی نقش اساسی آن‌ها در حفظ مورفولوژی و تحرک اسپرم و متعاقب آن تولید مثل و ناباروری مردان می‌باشد. اهمیت میکروتوبول‌ها در فرایندهای مهم تولید، تغییر شکل، بلوغ و توانایی باروری اسپرم تا جایی است که اخیراً واژه‌ی «میکروتوبولوم» استفاده شده است که نمایانگر میکروتوبول و تمام اجزای مرتبط با میکروتوبول در سلول اسپرم است. با توجه به نیاز فعلی و آینده‌ی محققین و پزشکان بالینی در حیطه‌ی ناباروری به این حوزه‌ی تحقیقاتی بنیادی نوظهور، ابتدا فرایند سلولی تکامل و تمایز اسپرم، سپس محور سیتواسکلتی آکروفراموزوم-آکروپلاکسوم-مانشت مورد بحث قرار گرفته که در مکانیسم‌های تشکیل و توسعه‌ی آکروزوم و شکل‌دهی هسته‌ی اسپرم و تشکیل تاژک نقش دارد. سپس نقش عملکرد غیر طبیعی اجزاء مختلف اسکلت سلولی اسپرم در ایجاد بیماری‌های مهم دخیل در ناباروری مردان مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت تا زوایای مبهم این فرایند پیچیده روشن گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Sperm Differentiation from a Cytoskeletal Perspective with a Focus on the Microtubulome: A New Window into Unknown Aspects of Male Infertility

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mina Za,mani Almasi 1
  • Samaneh Aghajanpour 2
  • Elham Hosseini 3
  • Mahshid Bazrafkan 4
  • Amir Shaker 5
  • Marjan Sabbaghian 6
  • Mohammad Hossein Nasr Esfahani 7
1 MSc, Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
2 PhD Student of Reproductive Biology, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mousavi Hospital, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute (ARI), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
5 MSc, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
6 Associate Professor, Department of Andrology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
7 Professor, Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

According to the World Health Organization, infertility refers to a couple's inability to conceive following at least one year of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Male infertility accounts for about half of the various causes of couples' infertility. This review aimed to investigate the cellular and molecular differentiation of spermatozoa, focusing on the structure of the cytoskeleton, microtubules, actin filaments, motor, and non-motor proteins, to study the known genes associated with their formation and function, as well as the proteins involved in intracellular cargo transport, and ultimately investigate their essential role in maintaining sperm morphology and motility and subsequent male reproduction and infertility. The importance of microtubules in the critical processes of sperm production, transformation, maturation, and fertility of spermatozoa is such that the term "microtubule" has been recently used to denote the microtubule and all microtubule-related components in the sperm cell. The cellular process of sperm evolution and differentiation was discussed first, followed by a description of the cytoskeletal system of the acroframosome-acroplaxome-manchette axis, which is involved in acrosome formation and development, sperm head and flagellum shaping mechanisms, in response to the current and future demands of infertility researchers and clinicians in this emerging field of research. The significance of the aberrant function of different components of the sperm cytoskeleton in creating major disorders associated with male infertility was next inspected to clarify the ambiguous aspects of this complex process.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Spermatozoa
  • Spermatogenesis
  • Microtubules
  • Cytoskeleton
  • Acrosome

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مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
دوره 40، شماره 690
هفته 2 آذرماه
آذر و دی 1401
صفحه 800-817

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