Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Isfahan Medical School 1027-7595 43 834 2025 11 22 Comparision of Anal Fissure and Hemorrhoid Incidence Between Normal Vaginal Delivery and Cesarean Section Comparision of Anal Fissure and Hemorrhoid Incidence Between Normal Vaginal Delivery and Cesarean Section 1300 1305 33155 10.48305/jims.v43.i834.1300 FA Elham Madani Asistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 0000-0002-7824-8415 Sepideh Salehi Gynecologist, Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran 0009-0003-1995-6934 Sima Aliyari Gynecologist, Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 0000-0001-8458-6667 Journal Article 2025 11 23 <strong>Background:</strong> Hemorrhoids and anal fissures are two common complications during pregnancy, and cesarean section (CS) is sometimes performed with the aim of preventing them. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the incidence of hemorrhoids and anal fissures between normal vaginal delivery (NVD) and CS. <strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>In this prospective cohort study, 400 women who underwent CS and 400 women who had NVD at Ghaem Farsan Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, were followed for two weeks postpartum. The incidence of hemorrhoids and anal fissures during 2023–2024 was recorded and compared between the two groups. <strong>Findings:</strong><strong> </strong>The incidence of hemorrhoids was 16 (4%) in the CS group and 24 (6%) in the NVD group, with no statistically difference between ths groups. Additionally, 22 women (5.5%) in the CS group and 28 women (7%) in the NVD group developed anal fissures. The incidence of hemorrhoids and anal fissures did not differ significantly according to the type of delivery (P = 0.27). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The incidence of hemorrhoids and anal fissures was not significantly associated with the type of delivery, but other factors such as maternal age during pregnancy and the number of previous deliveries appeared to influence their occurrence. These findings suggest that the mode of delivery does not affect on the incidence of these complications. <strong>Background:</strong> Hemorrhoids and anal fissures are two common complications during pregnancy, and cesarean section (CS) is sometimes performed with the aim of preventing them. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the incidence of hemorrhoids and anal fissures between normal vaginal delivery (NVD) and CS. <strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>In this prospective cohort study, 400 women who underwent CS and 400 women who had NVD at Ghaem Farsan Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, were followed for two weeks postpartum. The incidence of hemorrhoids and anal fissures during 2023–2024 was recorded and compared between the two groups. <strong>Findings:</strong><strong> </strong>The incidence of hemorrhoids was 16 (4%) in the CS group and 24 (6%) in the NVD group, with no statistically difference between ths groups. Additionally, 22 women (5.5%) in the CS group and 28 women (7%) in the NVD group developed anal fissures. The incidence of hemorrhoids and anal fissures did not differ significantly according to the type of delivery (P = 0.27). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The incidence of hemorrhoids and anal fissures was not significantly associated with the type of delivery, but other factors such as maternal age during pregnancy and the number of previous deliveries appeared to influence their occurrence. These findings suggest that the mode of delivery does not affect on the incidence of these complications. https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_33155_297b51d372955449d68d0b67ffda8c80.pdf