Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Isfahan Medical School 1027-7595 42 769 2024 07 22 The Effect of a Retraining Course on the Expression of AKT, PDK1, and PIP3 Genes in the Plantaris Muscle of Male Rats The Effect of a Retraining Course on the Expression of AKT, PDK1, and PIP3 Genes in the Plantaris Muscle of Male Rats 430 438 31243 10.48305/jims.v42.i769.0430 FA Vahid Ghanbari Mazidi MSc, Department of Sports Sciences, School of Literature and Human Sciences, Vali Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran 0009-0001-3810-3721 Abdolreza Kazemi Associate Professor, Department of Physical Education, School of Letters and Humanities, Vali E-Asr University, Rafsanjan, Iran 0000-0003-1082-6335 Journal Article 2024 06 20 Background: Long-term inactivity significantly affects the structure and function of skeletal muscles. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of retraining programs with resistance training on the changes of AKT, PDK1, and PIP3 genes involved in protein synthesis and breakdown after a period of inactivity in the plantaris muscle of male rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four suspension, retraining, non-training, and training groups. The training program was four weeks and three sessions per week. The animals had to climb a vertical ladder with weights attached to their tails. After 48 hours from the last training session, the mice were anesthetized, and the soleus muscle was extracted. The expression of the desired genes was measured using the Real-Time PCR method. Data analysis and differences between groups were analyzed using Lone's parametric tests, independent t, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey's post hoc test at a significant level P ˂ 0.05. Findings: The expression of AKT, PDK1, and PIP3 genes in the plantaris muscle of male rats in the retraining group has a significant difference compared to other groups (P = 0.027, P = 0.0001, and P = 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion: Resistance training before lower limb suspension and after immobilization seems to reduce atrophy in plantaris muscle in male rats. On the other hand, lower limb suspension increases the expression of atrophic genes (AKT, PDK1, PIP3) in the plantaris muscle of rats. Background: Long-term inactivity significantly affects the structure and function of skeletal muscles. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of retraining programs with resistance training on the changes of AKT, PDK1, and PIP3 genes involved in protein synthesis and breakdown after a period of inactivity in the plantaris muscle of male rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four suspension, retraining, non-training, and training groups. The training program was four weeks and three sessions per week. The animals had to climb a vertical ladder with weights attached to their tails. After 48 hours from the last training session, the mice were anesthetized, and the soleus muscle was extracted. The expression of the desired genes was measured using the Real-Time PCR method. Data analysis and differences between groups were analyzed using Lone's parametric tests, independent t, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey's post hoc test at a significant level P ˂ 0.05. Findings: The expression of AKT, PDK1, and PIP3 genes in the plantaris muscle of male rats in the retraining group has a significant difference compared to other groups (P = 0.027, P = 0.0001, and P = 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion: Resistance training before lower limb suspension and after immobilization seems to reduce atrophy in plantaris muscle in male rats. On the other hand, lower limb suspension increases the expression of atrophic genes (AKT, PDK1, PIP3) in the plantaris muscle of rats.

https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_31243_fa4c202fbc0421c1d4e317cbbbcac5a2.pdf

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Isfahan Medical School 1027-7595 42 769 2024 07 22 The Effect of HIIT Exercises on the Changes of Pannexin-1, P2X7, and NLRP-1 in Heart Tissue of Male Wistar Rats with Type 2 Diabetes The Effect of HIIT Exercises on the Changes of Pannexin-1, P2X7, and NLRP-1 in Heart Tissue of Male Wistar Rats with Type 2 Diabetes 439 449 31256 10.48305/jims.v42.i769.0439 FA Yasaman Rafiei MSc, Department of Sport Physiology, School of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran 0009-0004-0431-3722 Aliakbar Alizadeh Assistant Professor, Department of Sport Physiology, School of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran 0000-0001-7846-6503 Saeid Shakerian Professor, Department of Sport Physiology, School of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran 0000-0002-3752-8525 Amirhossein Ramezani Ahmadi Assistant Professor, Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 0000-0003-2581-963X Journal Article 2024 06 23 Background: The purpose of the present study is to study the effect of HIIT exercises on the changes in the levels of Pannexin-1, P2X7, and NLRP-1 proteins in the heart tissue of male Wistar rats with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this research, 40 8-week-old Wistar male rats were randomly divided into four groups: healthy control + healthy exercise + diabetes exercise + control diabetes (n = 10). Diabetic mice were induced by a high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin. After that, the HIIT training program consisted of 6 2-minute sessions with 80% of the peak speed in the first week, which was increased by 10% every week and continued up to 12 sessions in the seventh and eighth weeks. 48 hours after the last training session, the heart tissue was isolated under sterile conditions, and the desired protein levels were measured using the western blot method. One-way statistical method and Tukey's post hoc test were used. Findings: The results showed that diabetes caused a significant increase in the amount of Panexin-1, P2X7, and NLRP-1 proteins in the heart tissue of diabetic rats compared to the healthy group (P ˂ 0.5). It was also found that eight weeks of HIIT training caused a significant decrease in the amounts of Panexin-1, P2X7, and NLRP-1 proteins in the heart tissue of trained diabetic rats compared to the control diabetic group (P ˂ 0.5). Conclusion: Finally, it can be stated that HIIT exercises have a beneficial role in regulating blood sugar levels and the amounts of Pannexin-1, P2X7, and NLRP-1 proteins in the heart tissue of diabetic rats and can probably be used as a Non-pharmacological strategy is promising. Background: The purpose of the present study is to study the effect of HIIT exercises on the changes in the levels of Pannexin-1, P2X7, and NLRP-1 proteins in the heart tissue of male Wistar rats with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this research, 40 8-week-old Wistar male rats were randomly divided into four groups: healthy control + healthy exercise + diabetes exercise + control diabetes (n = 10). Diabetic mice were induced by a high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin. After that, the HIIT training program consisted of 6 2-minute sessions with 80% of the peak speed in the first week, which was increased by 10% every week and continued up to 12 sessions in the seventh and eighth weeks. 48 hours after the last training session, the heart tissue was isolated under sterile conditions, and the desired protein levels were measured using the western blot method. One-way statistical method and Tukey's post hoc test were used. Findings: The results showed that diabetes caused a significant increase in the amount of Panexin-1, P2X7, and NLRP-1 proteins in the heart tissue of diabetic rats compared to the healthy group (P ˂ 0.5). It was also found that eight weeks of HIIT training caused a significant decrease in the amounts of Panexin-1, P2X7, and NLRP-1 proteins in the heart tissue of trained diabetic rats compared to the control diabetic group (P ˂ 0.5). Conclusion: Finally, it can be stated that HIIT exercises have a beneficial role in regulating blood sugar levels and the amounts of Pannexin-1, P2X7, and NLRP-1 proteins in the heart tissue of diabetic rats and can probably be used as a Non-pharmacological strategy is promising.

https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_31256_e5d2af5148daa43f2ff08bb3af6780e7.pdf

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Isfahan Medical School 1027-7595 42 769 2024 07 22 The Effect of Six Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training with Hawthorn Extract Supplementation on the Changes of BAX/Bcl-2 Indices in the Hippocampus Tissue of Aged Male Wistar Rats The Effect of Six Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training with Hawthorn Extract Supplementation on the Changes of BAX/Bcl-2 Indices in the Hippocampus Tissue of Aged Male Wistar Rats 450 460 31254 10.48305/jims.v42.i769.0450 FA Fatemeh Kianizadegan MSc, Department of Sport Physiology, School of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran 0009-0008-7123-3510 Mohammad Rami Assistant Professor, Department of Sport Physiology, School of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran 0000-0002-2775-2435 Aliakbar Alizadeh Assistant Professor, Department of Sport Physiology, School of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran 0000-0001-7846-6503 D. Maryama Awang Daud Assistant Professor, Health Through Exercise and Active Living (HEAL) Research Unit, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88450, Sabah, Malaysia 0000-0001-9605-9522 Journal Article 2024 06 25 Background: Aging is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon characterized by a gradual decrease in physiological functions in various organs. The central nervous system and the hippocampus are significantly affected by the effects of aging, such as apoptosis. The synergistic effects of physical activity and natural antioxidants such as hawthorn to protect brain damage against apoptosis may be the key to inhibiting or reducing the apoptosis of nerve cells in the aging process. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training with hawthorn extract supplementation on the changes of BAX/Bcl-2 indices in the hippocampus tissue of aged rats. Methods: In this experimental research, 30 male Wistar field rats 22 months of age were randomly divided into five groups of six, including young, elderly, elderly/exercise, elderly/extract, and elderly/extract/exercise. In the groups that used hawthorn extract, they received 100 mg/kg of the extract by gavage after training sessions. The high-intensity interval training protocol was for six weeks with an intensity of 80-100% of maximum speed. After tissue removal, BAX/Bcl-2 protein levels were measured using the western blot method. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test were used to examine the research variables. Findings: The results of the present study showed that aging caused a significant decrease in the Bcl-2 variable and a significant increase in the BAX variable (P = 0.001). Also, the results of this research showed that both high-intensity interval training and hawthorn extract consumption caused a consequential advance in Bcl-2 values (respectively, P = 0.031 and P = 0.011) and a significant decrease in BAX protein (P = 0.003 and P = 0.016, respectively). In addition, the results of this research showed that the synergistic effects of high-intensity interval training in the elderly/extract/exercise group caused a significant increase and decrease in Bcl-2 and BAX variables, respectively, compared to the elderly/exercise and elderly/extract groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this research, it can be stated that the synergy of the beneficial effects of high-intensity intermittent physical activity along with the consumption of hawthorn extract in increasing the Bcl-2 variable and decreasing the BAX variable can probably play a consequential role in inhibiting the apoptosis process in the rat hippocampus tissue and can probably be a promising non-pharmacological strategy. Background: Aging is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon characterized by a gradual decrease in physiological functions in various organs. The central nervous system and the hippocampus are significantly affected by the effects of aging, such as apoptosis. The synergistic effects of physical activity and natural antioxidants such as hawthorn to protect brain damage against apoptosis may be the key to inhibiting or reducing the apoptosis of nerve cells in the aging process. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training with hawthorn extract supplementation on the changes of BAX/Bcl-2 indices in the hippocampus tissue of aged rats. Methods: In this experimental research, 30 male Wistar field rats 22 months of age were randomly divided into five groups of six, including young, elderly, elderly/exercise, elderly/extract, and elderly/extract/exercise. In the groups that used hawthorn extract, they received 100 mg/kg of the extract by gavage after training sessions. The high-intensity interval training protocol was for six weeks with an intensity of 80-100% of maximum speed. After tissue removal, BAX/Bcl-2 protein levels were measured using the western blot method. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test were used to examine the research variables. Findings: The results of the present study showed that aging caused a significant decrease in the Bcl-2 variable and a significant increase in the BAX variable (P = 0.001). Also, the results of this research showed that both high-intensity interval training and hawthorn extract consumption caused a consequential advance in Bcl-2 values (respectively, P = 0.031 and P = 0.011) and a significant decrease in BAX protein (P = 0.003 and P = 0.016, respectively). In addition, the results of this research showed that the synergistic effects of high-intensity interval training in the elderly/extract/exercise group caused a significant increase and decrease in Bcl-2 and BAX variables, respectively, compared to the elderly/exercise and elderly/extract groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this research, it can be stated that the synergy of the beneficial effects of high-intensity intermittent physical activity along with the consumption of hawthorn extract in increasing the Bcl-2 variable and decreasing the BAX variable can probably play a consequential role in inhibiting the apoptosis process in the rat hippocampus tissue and can probably be a promising non-pharmacological strategy.

https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_31254_f0f717dbbabbabab1a26beaf06fc3438.pdf