Isfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75954382020250723Investigating the Diagnostic Value of Albumin in Predicting the Improvement of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients Undergoing Bariatric SurgeryInvestigating the Diagnostic Value of Albumin in Predicting the Improvement of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery6957023298110.48305/jims.v43.i820.0695FABehroozKeleidariAssociate Professor, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-4473-8539MehdiRabieiSchool of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-8439-1445Journal Article20250617<strong>Background:</strong> Considering the importance of the diagnostic value of albumin in predicting the recovery of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), this study was conducted with the aim of determining the diagnostic value of serum albumin in the recovery of NAFLD in patients with fatty liver undergoing bariatric surgery.
<strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>In this prospective study, 112 patients undergoing bariatric surgery were subjected to intraoperative liver biopsy to determine the presence of fatty liver disease. Serum albumin levels and fatty liver status were determined by ultrasound before and 1, 3 and 6 months after the operation. The amount of changes in serum albumin level in two groups with and without fatty liver disease and the diagnostic value criteria of albumin for predicting NAFLD were determined using the liver biopsy results as the reference. Data were analyzed using statistical tests.
<strong>Findings:</strong><strong> </strong>Liver biopsy confirmed that 48.2% of the patients had fatty liver. The mean serum albumin level was 4.53 ± 0.77 before the operation and 3.31 ± 0.65 mg/dL six months after the operation and decreased by 25.53 ± 15.5 percent. The percentage decrease in albumin level in patients with fatty liver was 17.67±13% in patients with fatty liver and 33.97 ± 13.6% in the non-affected group (P < 0.001). According to the ROC curve findings, the albumin cut-off point for predicting fatty liver was 3.5 mg/dL, and according to it, the albumin level had a sensitivity of 98.1%, a specificity of 37.9%, a positive predictive value of 59.6%, and a negative predictive value of 95.7%.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> Serum albumin levels in obese patients can be used as a preliminary test to determine the grade of fatty liver and also to determine the recovery status of fatty liver after surgery.<strong>Background:</strong> Considering the importance of the diagnostic value of albumin in predicting the recovery of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), this study was conducted with the aim of determining the diagnostic value of serum albumin in the recovery of NAFLD in patients with fatty liver undergoing bariatric surgery.
<strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>In this prospective study, 112 patients undergoing bariatric surgery were subjected to intraoperative liver biopsy to determine the presence of fatty liver disease. Serum albumin levels and fatty liver status were determined by ultrasound before and 1, 3 and 6 months after the operation. The amount of changes in serum albumin level in two groups with and without fatty liver disease and the diagnostic value criteria of albumin for predicting NAFLD were determined using the liver biopsy results as the reference. Data were analyzed using statistical tests.
<strong>Findings:</strong><strong> </strong>Liver biopsy confirmed that 48.2% of the patients had fatty liver. The mean serum albumin level was 4.53 ± 0.77 before the operation and 3.31 ± 0.65 mg/dL six months after the operation and decreased by 25.53 ± 15.5 percent. The percentage decrease in albumin level in patients with fatty liver was 17.67±13% in patients with fatty liver and 33.97 ± 13.6% in the non-affected group (P < 0.001). According to the ROC curve findings, the albumin cut-off point for predicting fatty liver was 3.5 mg/dL, and according to it, the albumin level had a sensitivity of 98.1%, a specificity of 37.9%, a positive predictive value of 59.6%, and a negative predictive value of 95.7%.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> Serum albumin levels in obese patients can be used as a preliminary test to determine the grade of fatty liver and also to determine the recovery status of fatty liver after surgery.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_32981_379d0d579830498a6f745b67f172ca33.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75954382020250723Study on the Correlation Between Blood Lead Levels (BLL) and Clinical Symptoms of Poisoning in Patients Who Are Oral Opium UsersStudy on the Correlation Between Blood Lead Levels (BLL) and Clinical Symptoms of Poisoning in Patients Who Are Oral Opium Users7037113303910.48305/jims.v43.i820.0703FAGholamaliDorooshiAssociate Professor, Department of Clinical Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0003-2552-0961MarjanVarmazyarMedical Student, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranArmanOtroshiAssistant Professor, Department of Clinical Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0001-7185-4562RokhsarehMeamarAssociate Professor, Department of Clinical Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-4536-5113NastaranEizadi-MoodProfessor, Department of Clinical Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0001-9792-8160Journal Article20250610<strong>Background:</strong> In clinical observations it appeared that the clinical symptoms of lead poisoning in patients consuming opium orally were not consistent with their blood lead level (BLL). Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between BLL and clinical symptoms of poisoning in opium users.
<strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted in the poisoning ward of Khorshid Hospital in Isfahan. Demographic information, clinical symptoms, and laboratory parameters at the time of admission were collected and analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test.
<strong>Findings:</strong><strong> </strong>More than 87% of patients had BLL above 70 μg/dL. When comparing the frequency distribution of clinical symptoms of lead poisoning among the three BLL groups, the frequency of abdominal pain (the most common symptom, 94.6%) differed significantly across different BLL levels (P = 0.03). In the comparison of age, vital signs and laboratory parameters among the three BLL groups, the pulse rate (PR) varied significantly at different BLL levels (P = 0.01), but no significant difference is observed for other variables. An increase in mean blood pressure, mean indices of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, thyroxine and blood urea nitrogen was observed with increasing BLL. The mean parameters of hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration decreased with increasing BLL. Abdominal pain and anemia were observed in all three BLL groups.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> It is recommended that BLL screening be performed for early diagnosis and treatment of lead poisoning in opium users who present with gastrointestinal symptoms and anemia.<strong>Background:</strong> In clinical observations it appeared that the clinical symptoms of lead poisoning in patients consuming opium orally were not consistent with their blood lead level (BLL). Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between BLL and clinical symptoms of poisoning in opium users.
<strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted in the poisoning ward of Khorshid Hospital in Isfahan. Demographic information, clinical symptoms, and laboratory parameters at the time of admission were collected and analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test.
<strong>Findings:</strong><strong> </strong>More than 87% of patients had BLL above 70 μg/dL. When comparing the frequency distribution of clinical symptoms of lead poisoning among the three BLL groups, the frequency of abdominal pain (the most common symptom, 94.6%) differed significantly across different BLL levels (P = 0.03). In the comparison of age, vital signs and laboratory parameters among the three BLL groups, the pulse rate (PR) varied significantly at different BLL levels (P = 0.01), but no significant difference is observed for other variables. An increase in mean blood pressure, mean indices of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, thyroxine and blood urea nitrogen was observed with increasing BLL. The mean parameters of hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration decreased with increasing BLL. Abdominal pain and anemia were observed in all three BLL groups.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> It is recommended that BLL screening be performed for early diagnosis and treatment of lead poisoning in opium users who present with gastrointestinal symptoms and anemia.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_33039_5df7657a7d6b119029e5ad06fe039644.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75954382020250723The Effect of Supervised and Unsupervised Low-Intensity Interval Training on Some Metabolic and Atherogenic Indices in Men with Type 2 DiabetesThe Effect of Supervised and Unsupervised Low-Intensity Interval Training on Some Metabolic and Atherogenic Indices in Men with Type 2 Diabetes7127213305110.48305/jims.v43.i820.0712FAMehdiZareiAssistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Neyshabur, Neyshabur, Iran0000-0002-4616-2166KazemKhodaeiAssistant Professor, Department of Sports Physiology and Corrective Movements, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia- Iran0000-0003-1566-2851JavadNakhzari KhodakheirAssistant professor, Department of physical education and Sport Sciences, school of Human Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran0000-0002-9628-2676ArashMohammadiDepartment of Physical education and Sport Sciences, Applied Scientific Education Center of Sabzevar2, Sabzevar, Iran0000-0003-1566-2851Journal Article20250419<strong>Background:</strong> Physical activity and exercise training are recognized as an integral part of the management and control of metabolic and cardiovascular factors in type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of supervised and unsupervised low-volume high-intensity interval training on some metabolic indices, cardiovascular risk factors, and atherogenic indices in men with type 2 diabetes.
<strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>In this semi-experimental study, 30 men with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into three equal groups (n =10 each): supervised low-volume high-intensity interval training, unsupervised low-volume high-intensity interval training, and control. The subjects in the experimental groups performed high-intensity interval training three sessions per week for eight weeks. Before and after the intervention, blood samples were taken from the subjects to measure fasting glucose, lipid profile to calculate the atherogenic index of plasma, Castelli risk index, and atherogenic coefficient. Analysis of covariance, LSD post hoc test, and a significance level of P < 0.05 were used for data analysis.
<strong>Findings:</strong><strong> </strong>After eight weeks, body fat mass (P = 0.01), fasting glucose (P = 0.00), total cholesterol (P = 0.01), triglycerides (P = 0.01), and the atherogenic index of plasma (P = 0.01) were significantly reduced in the supervised low-intensity interval training group compared with the control group. No significant changes were observed in body weight (P = 0.08), body mass index (P = 0.06), Castelli risk index (P = 0.08), atherogenic index (P = 0.08), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.71), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.22) between the groups.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> The present study showed that supervised low-volume high-intensity interval training can lead to significant improvement in metabolic and cardiovascular indices in patients with type 2 diabetes by saving training time. However, this level of improvement was not observed with unsupervised training.<strong>Background:</strong> Physical activity and exercise training are recognized as an integral part of the management and control of metabolic and cardiovascular factors in type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of supervised and unsupervised low-volume high-intensity interval training on some metabolic indices, cardiovascular risk factors, and atherogenic indices in men with type 2 diabetes.
<strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>In this semi-experimental study, 30 men with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into three equal groups (n =10 each): supervised low-volume high-intensity interval training, unsupervised low-volume high-intensity interval training, and control. The subjects in the experimental groups performed high-intensity interval training three sessions per week for eight weeks. Before and after the intervention, blood samples were taken from the subjects to measure fasting glucose, lipid profile to calculate the atherogenic index of plasma, Castelli risk index, and atherogenic coefficient. Analysis of covariance, LSD post hoc test, and a significance level of P < 0.05 were used for data analysis.
<strong>Findings:</strong><strong> </strong>After eight weeks, body fat mass (P = 0.01), fasting glucose (P = 0.00), total cholesterol (P = 0.01), triglycerides (P = 0.01), and the atherogenic index of plasma (P = 0.01) were significantly reduced in the supervised low-intensity interval training group compared with the control group. No significant changes were observed in body weight (P = 0.08), body mass index (P = 0.06), Castelli risk index (P = 0.08), atherogenic index (P = 0.08), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.71), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.22) between the groups.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> The present study showed that supervised low-volume high-intensity interval training can lead to significant improvement in metabolic and cardiovascular indices in patients with type 2 diabetes by saving training time. However, this level of improvement was not observed with unsupervised training.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_33051_1f10d1dde00f5f0067ea4243c44a5028.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75954382020250723Evaluation of Anti Epstein-Barr Virus Early Antigen (Igg) Antibody Serum Level in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder PatientsEvaluation of Anti Epstein-Barr Virus Early Antigen (Igg) Antibody Serum Level in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Patients7227273303810.48305/jims.v43.i820.0722FAAzarBaradaranProfessor, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0001-7058-6367VahidShayegannejadProfessor of Neurology, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Neurosciences Research Center Kashani Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-6226-0161FahimehDarya BeigiSchool of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0003-0590-6410BehzadAzarmjuClinical Instructor and Family Physician Associate, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada0009-0001-2327-0172Journal Article20250429<strong>Background:</strong> Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has been recognized as the most important environmental factor in the development of Multiple Sclerosis. The role of EBV as a risk factor in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is under discussion. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association of anti-EBV early antigen (IgG) antibody serum levels with NMOSD compared with healthy controls.
<strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>In this case-control study, we measured levels of serum antibody against early EBV antigen (EA) IgG in 40 patients with NMOSD and 43 healthy controls with CHORUS kits (based on Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay; ELISA). The independent t-test, The Chi-square test, a linear regression model were applied.
<strong>Findings:</strong><strong> </strong>No association was observed between NMOSD, sex, age and BMI and the serum level of anti EBV Early antigen (IgG) levels. The strong association between EBV and MS as a key environmental risk factor was not observed between EBV and NMOSD.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> In conclusion, our results showed that there is no significant difference in the serum levels of anti-EA IgG antibody between 40 NMOSD patients and 43 healthy controls. Further studies in this field are recommended.<strong>Background:</strong> Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has been recognized as the most important environmental factor in the development of Multiple Sclerosis. The role of EBV as a risk factor in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is under discussion. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association of anti-EBV early antigen (IgG) antibody serum levels with NMOSD compared with healthy controls.
<strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>In this case-control study, we measured levels of serum antibody against early EBV antigen (EA) IgG in 40 patients with NMOSD and 43 healthy controls with CHORUS kits (based on Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay; ELISA). The independent t-test, The Chi-square test, a linear regression model were applied.
<strong>Findings:</strong><strong> </strong>No association was observed between NMOSD, sex, age and BMI and the serum level of anti EBV Early antigen (IgG) levels. The strong association between EBV and MS as a key environmental risk factor was not observed between EBV and NMOSD.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> In conclusion, our results showed that there is no significant difference in the serum levels of anti-EA IgG antibody between 40 NMOSD patients and 43 healthy controls. Further studies in this field are recommended.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_33038_2f9dabd3b7df074505f362da6a52c389.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75954382020250723Wastewater-based Epidemiology: An Approach for Evaluating the Behavioral and Health Status of the Community Through Wastewater Sample AnalysisWastewater-based Epidemiology: An Approach for Evaluating the Behavioral and Health Status of the Community Through Wastewater Sample Analysis7287423304010.48305/jims.v43.i820.0728FAFershtehTalebiMSc, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0009-0006-7615-1499SaharGholipourPhD Candidate, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0003-3265-0932MahnazNikaeenProfessor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-1852-1547Journal Article20241005<strong>Background:</strong> The increased consumption of pharmaceuticals and chemicals, changes in infectious disease patterns, and the emergence of novel diseases have raised public health concerns. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) enables the extraction of epidemiological information related to lifestyle, health/disease status, and exposure to chemical agents within the target population through wastewater analysis. This study aimed to explore the applications of WBE and identify its challenges.
<strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>This study reviewed articles on WBE from three databases (PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus) and the Google Scholar search engine.
<strong>Findings:</strong><strong> </strong>The results showed that chemical and microbial analysis of wastewater can provide extensive epidemiological information, both spatially and temporally, on the behavioral and health status of the target population. These data include indicators such as the use of illicit drugs, alcohol, and tobacco, the consumption of over-the-counter medications, and the burden of viral diseases, particularly the novel coronavirus, within the population covered by the wastewater network.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> WBE serves as a powerful tool linking environmental sciences, public health, and epidemiology. The findings obtained through this approach provide valuable information for policymakers and public health authorities, aiding in informed decision-making for improving public health and controlling diseases. However, the application of this approach faces challenges, such as markers instability in wastewater, non-human sources of infectious agents, and the lack of standard sampling and analysis protocols in many cases.<strong>Background:</strong> The increased consumption of pharmaceuticals and chemicals, changes in infectious disease patterns, and the emergence of novel diseases have raised public health concerns. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) enables the extraction of epidemiological information related to lifestyle, health/disease status, and exposure to chemical agents within the target population through wastewater analysis. This study aimed to explore the applications of WBE and identify its challenges.
<strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>This study reviewed articles on WBE from three databases (PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus) and the Google Scholar search engine.
<strong>Findings:</strong><strong> </strong>The results showed that chemical and microbial analysis of wastewater can provide extensive epidemiological information, both spatially and temporally, on the behavioral and health status of the target population. These data include indicators such as the use of illicit drugs, alcohol, and tobacco, the consumption of over-the-counter medications, and the burden of viral diseases, particularly the novel coronavirus, within the population covered by the wastewater network.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> WBE serves as a powerful tool linking environmental sciences, public health, and epidemiology. The findings obtained through this approach provide valuable information for policymakers and public health authorities, aiding in informed decision-making for improving public health and controlling diseases. However, the application of this approach faces challenges, such as markers instability in wastewater, non-human sources of infectious agents, and the lack of standard sampling and analysis protocols in many cases.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_33040_8925f4bfc315c47adfcca80a74581f4b.pdf