Isfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75954382920251023Evaluation of the Relationship between the Severity of Generalized Edema in Patients Connected to the Ventilator with Mortality and Morbidity During Hospitalization in the ICU of Amin HospitalEvaluation of the Relationship between the Severity of Generalized Edema in Patients Connected to the Ventilator with Mortality and Morbidity During Hospitalization in the ICU of Amin Hospital104410493313010.48305/jims.v43.i829.1044FAHoseinMahjobipoorAssociate, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0001-6315-8196MojganMortazaviProfessor of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kidney Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-4418-8979BehzadNazemroayaAssociate, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0001-6208-9053FaezeJafariSchool of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-8439-1445Journal Article20250614<strong>Background:</strong> Patients hospitalized in the ICU are at high risk of developing edema due to certain conditions such as immobility, mechanical ventilation, low serum albumin, kidney disease, and heart failure. The study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of Alb, Na, BUN/Cr, and I/O levels on the severity of edema and the effect of edema severity on mortality and duration of hospitalization in the ICU.
<strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 1000 patients admitted to the ICU of Amin Hospital in Isfahan between 2015 and 2019. Patients over 16 years of age with generalized edema were included in the study. The levels of Na, Alb, Cr, BUN and I/O and the severity of edema of the patients were measured. Also, SOFA and APACHE II scores were used to match the confounders. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression.
<strong>Findings:</strong><strong> </strong>It was shown that the severity of edema affects mortality, although no correlation was observed between the duration of hospitalization in the ICU and the severity of edema. Multiple logistic regression showed that BUN level and BUN, Na, and I/O levels, respectively, after equalization based on APACHE II and SOFA, affect the severity of edema in patients hospitalized in the ICU. It was also shown that after equalization based on APACHE II, Alb and BUN levels, and after equalization based on SOFA, Na, Alb, and BUN levels affect the severity of edema in intubated patients.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> The severity of peripheral edema affects the mortality of patients admitted to the ICU and intubated patients, highlighting the importance of edema management in these populations. Physicians should pay special attention to fluid management strategies.<strong>Background:</strong> Patients hospitalized in the ICU are at high risk of developing edema due to certain conditions such as immobility, mechanical ventilation, low serum albumin, kidney disease, and heart failure. The study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of Alb, Na, BUN/Cr, and I/O levels on the severity of edema and the effect of edema severity on mortality and duration of hospitalization in the ICU.
<strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 1000 patients admitted to the ICU of Amin Hospital in Isfahan between 2015 and 2019. Patients over 16 years of age with generalized edema were included in the study. The levels of Na, Alb, Cr, BUN and I/O and the severity of edema of the patients were measured. Also, SOFA and APACHE II scores were used to match the confounders. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression.
<strong>Findings:</strong><strong> </strong>It was shown that the severity of edema affects mortality, although no correlation was observed between the duration of hospitalization in the ICU and the severity of edema. Multiple logistic regression showed that BUN level and BUN, Na, and I/O levels, respectively, after equalization based on APACHE II and SOFA, affect the severity of edema in patients hospitalized in the ICU. It was also shown that after equalization based on APACHE II, Alb and BUN levels, and after equalization based on SOFA, Na, Alb, and BUN levels affect the severity of edema in intubated patients.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> The severity of peripheral edema affects the mortality of patients admitted to the ICU and intubated patients, highlighting the importance of edema management in these populations. Physicians should pay special attention to fluid management strategies.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_33130_22f825e4dbd68d68ad30a81c0863ece8.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75954382920251023Prevalence of Infection Associated with Central Venous Catheter and the Type of Pathogen and Its Related Factors in the Intensive Care Units of Ayatollah Kashani Hospital in IsfahanPrevalence of Infection Associated with Central Venous Catheter and the Type of Pathogen and Its Related Factors in the Intensive Care Units of Ayatollah Kashani Hospital in Isfahan105010573313110.48305/jims.v43.i829.1050FASeyed TaghiHashemiAssociate Professor of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-8439-1445BabakAli KiaiProfessor of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0003-2626-8868DorinMaghsoudlooSchool of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0003-0590-6410Journal Article20250418<strong>Background:</strong> Given the mortality rate and the cost of care associated with catheter-related infections and hospitalization, this study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of central venous catheter-related infection, the type of pathogen, and its related factors in the Intensive Care Units (ICUs) of Ayatollah Kashani Hospital in Isfahan.
<strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 78 patients admitted to the ICU were evaluated for central venous catheter-related infections. Catheter implantation time, ICU length of stay, catheter location, disease severity (assessed using APACHE II criteria during catheter placement), and the type of antibiotic used were evaluated. After collecting data, a Chi-square test and frequency distribution table with related graphs were generated at an error level of 0.05 using SPSS software version 26.
<strong>Findings:</strong><strong> </strong>Less than half of the patients (44.9%) showed central venous catheter infection. Also, more than half of the patients had gram-positive pathogens (52.6%) and the rest had gram-negative pathogens. There was a significant difference between gender, age and time of hospitalization, patients and the incidence of central venous catheter infection (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between underlying diseases, disease severity using APACHE II criterion and type of antibiotic used with CRI in patients (P > 0.05). Frequency of CRI by location (femoral, jugular, subclavian) was observed in patients with central venous catheter admitted to ICU (P < 0.05) and the highest rate of central venous catheter infection was related to subclavian location (51.4%).
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> Lack of hygiene by medical staff is the most important factor in the incidence of infection caused by central venous catheter. Factors such as underlying disease, disease severity, and type of antibiotic used do not affect central venous catheter infection. The best location is the catheter, jugular and femoral.<strong>Background:</strong> Given the mortality rate and the cost of care associated with catheter-related infections and hospitalization, this study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of central venous catheter-related infection, the type of pathogen, and its related factors in the Intensive Care Units (ICUs) of Ayatollah Kashani Hospital in Isfahan.
<strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 78 patients admitted to the ICU were evaluated for central venous catheter-related infections. Catheter implantation time, ICU length of stay, catheter location, disease severity (assessed using APACHE II criteria during catheter placement), and the type of antibiotic used were evaluated. After collecting data, a Chi-square test and frequency distribution table with related graphs were generated at an error level of 0.05 using SPSS software version 26.
<strong>Findings:</strong><strong> </strong>Less than half of the patients (44.9%) showed central venous catheter infection. Also, more than half of the patients had gram-positive pathogens (52.6%) and the rest had gram-negative pathogens. There was a significant difference between gender, age and time of hospitalization, patients and the incidence of central venous catheter infection (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between underlying diseases, disease severity using APACHE II criterion and type of antibiotic used with CRI in patients (P > 0.05). Frequency of CRI by location (femoral, jugular, subclavian) was observed in patients with central venous catheter admitted to ICU (P < 0.05) and the highest rate of central venous catheter infection was related to subclavian location (51.4%).
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> Lack of hygiene by medical staff is the most important factor in the incidence of infection caused by central venous catheter. Factors such as underlying disease, disease severity, and type of antibiotic used do not affect central venous catheter infection. The best location is the catheter, jugular and femoral.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_33131_36e21684a1139fa357123f438e1d0407.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75954382920251023Determining the Predictive Value of CRIB-II and SNAPPE-II in the Mortality and Morbidity Rates of Premature Infants with a Gestational Age of Less Than 32 Weeks Hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units of Al-Zahra S. and Shahid Beheshti Hospitals in Isfahan from 2021-2023Determining the Predictive Value of CRIB-II and SNAPPE-II in the Mortality and Morbidity Rates of Premature Infants with a Gestational Age of Less Than 32 Weeks Hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units of Al-Zahra S. and Shahid Beheshti Hospitals in Isfahan from 2021-2023105810653310610.48305/jims.v43.i829.1058FABehzadBarekatainAssociate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-7370-5525FatemehSoltaniDepartment of Pediatrics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranAmirmohammadArmanianAssociate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranSilvaHovsepianAssistant Professor, Metabolic Liver Disease Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-8548-781XJournal Article20250421<strong>Background:</strong> This study was conducted to determine the predictive value of CRIB-II, SNAPII, and SNAPPE-II in the mortality and morbidity rates of premature infants with a gestational age of less than 32 weeks hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit of Al-Zahra S. and Shahid Beheshti Hospitals in Isfahan from 2021-2023.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>The present study is a cross-sectional analytical research that was carried out from 2021-2023 in the hospitals of Isfahan. A total of 206 infants with a gestational age of 24-32 weeks and a birth weight over 500 grams who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Demographic characteristics and complications of prematurity were recorded. Qualitative findings were calculated as numbers (percentages), and quantitative findings were presented as mean and standard deviation. A P of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.<br /><strong>Findings:</strong><strong> </strong>The mean scores of SNAPPE-II, CRIBII, and SNAPII in infants with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) were significantly higher than those without IVH (P = 0.001). In infants with multiple seizures, only the mean SNAPII score was significantly higher than that of non-afflicted infants (P = 0.044). The predictive value of SNAPPE-II, CRIBII, and SNAPII for other complications was not significantly different (P > 0.05).<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our study showed that SNAPPE-II, CRIBII, and SNAPII indices have no predictive value for complications such as chronic lung disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, patent ductus arteriosus, retinopathy of prematurity, and neonatal sepsis in premature infants with a gestational age of less than 32 weeks.<strong>Background:</strong> This study was conducted to determine the predictive value of CRIB-II, SNAPII, and SNAPPE-II in the mortality and morbidity rates of premature infants with a gestational age of less than 32 weeks hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit of Al-Zahra S. and Shahid Beheshti Hospitals in Isfahan from 2021-2023.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>The present study is a cross-sectional analytical research that was carried out from 2021-2023 in the hospitals of Isfahan. A total of 206 infants with a gestational age of 24-32 weeks and a birth weight over 500 grams who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Demographic characteristics and complications of prematurity were recorded. Qualitative findings were calculated as numbers (percentages), and quantitative findings were presented as mean and standard deviation. A P of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.<br /><strong>Findings:</strong><strong> </strong>The mean scores of SNAPPE-II, CRIBII, and SNAPII in infants with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) were significantly higher than those without IVH (P = 0.001). In infants with multiple seizures, only the mean SNAPII score was significantly higher than that of non-afflicted infants (P = 0.044). The predictive value of SNAPPE-II, CRIBII, and SNAPII for other complications was not significantly different (P > 0.05).<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our study showed that SNAPPE-II, CRIBII, and SNAPII indices have no predictive value for complications such as chronic lung disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, patent ductus arteriosus, retinopathy of prematurity, and neonatal sepsis in premature infants with a gestational age of less than 32 weeks.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_33106_e03cba77a01e29e49e8fe0d2fd26d577.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75954382920251023The Effectiveness of Cognitive Therapy Based on Compassionate Mind on Dark Personality Traits and Theory of Mind of Adolescents with High-Risk BehaviorsThe Effectiveness of Cognitive Therapy Based on Compassionate Mind on Dark Personality Traits and Theory of Mind of Adolescents with High-Risk Behaviors106610753312110.48305/jims.v43.i829.1066FAHamidrezaDehghanAssistant Professor, Department of Psychology and Counseling, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-8232-9154MohammadAzimiAssociate Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-0679-1929KamalNosrati HeshiAssistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-8175-5637HafezTarebariAssistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-3324-7267Journal Article20240910<strong>Background:</strong> The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive therapy focused on the compassionate mind on the dark personality traits and theory of mind of adolescents with high-risk behaviors.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>In this quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design, 30 male high school students with high-risk behaviors in Tabriz city were selected through targeted screening in the 2020-2021 academic year and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Data were collected using the High-Risk Behaviors Questionnaire, the Dark Personality Traits Scale, and the Theory of Mind Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the statistical method of multivariate analysis of variance.<br /><strong>Findings:</strong><strong> </strong>The results showed that cognitive therapy based on a compassionate mind had an effect on Machiavellianism (P < 0.001), narcissism (P < 0.001), antisocial behavior (P < 0.001), and theory of mind (P < 0.001). In other words, cognitive therapy based on a compassionate mind was associated with a decrease in dark personality traits and an improvement in theory of mind in adolescents with high-risk behaviors.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that cognitive therapy based on a compassionate mind can be used as an effective treatment to improve psychological problems and enhance the theory of mind in adolescents with high-risk behaviors.<strong>Background:</strong> The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive therapy focused on the compassionate mind on the dark personality traits and theory of mind of adolescents with high-risk behaviors.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>In this quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design, 30 male high school students with high-risk behaviors in Tabriz city were selected through targeted screening in the 2020-2021 academic year and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Data were collected using the High-Risk Behaviors Questionnaire, the Dark Personality Traits Scale, and the Theory of Mind Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the statistical method of multivariate analysis of variance.<br /><strong>Findings:</strong><strong> </strong>The results showed that cognitive therapy based on a compassionate mind had an effect on Machiavellianism (P < 0.001), narcissism (P < 0.001), antisocial behavior (P < 0.001), and theory of mind (P < 0.001). In other words, cognitive therapy based on a compassionate mind was associated with a decrease in dark personality traits and an improvement in theory of mind in adolescents with high-risk behaviors.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that cognitive therapy based on a compassionate mind can be used as an effective treatment to improve psychological problems and enhance the theory of mind in adolescents with high-risk behaviors.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_33121_6bf031c5f3624fce713d35a8789cef8f.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75954382920251023Polygenic Risk Score: Opportunities and ChallengesPolygenic Risk Score: Opportunities and Challenges107610873311010.48305/jims.v43.i829.1076FAMinaNajafipourDepartment of Bioinformatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0009-0003-0421-8904ZohaKamaliDepartment of Bioinformatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. AND, Unit of Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands0000-0001-6492-5887AhmadVaezDepartment of Bioinformatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, AND Unit of Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands0000-0001-9048-3795Journal Article20250219<strong>Background:</strong> Since the report of the first genome-wide association study in 2007, the genetic content of millions of human samples has been examined, leading to the identification of thousands of genetic variants associated with different diseases. The calculated combinatorial effects of these genetic variants, known as the Polygenic Risk Score (PRS), partially reflect an individual’s genetic susceptibility to diseases.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>This article starts with disease genomics, summarizes the development of PRSs from genomic study results, their current role in research and beyond by giving real examples, the challenges they face, and their prospects in clinical and public health applications by reviewing existing scientific literature.<br /><strong>Findings:</strong><strong> </strong>Continuous advances in the development of PRSs offer significant potential for improving prediction, screening, early diagnosis, and prognosis of diseases, and can play an effective role in realizing personalized medicine and optimizing health system strategies. However, challenges such as the need for larger genotypic data and a deeper understanding of ethical and social dimensions still hinder their widespread application in the clinical stage. As research continues and these obstacles are overcome, the future of this technology in medicine looks promising.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Enhancing the quantity and quality of genotypic data, along with the development of innovative solutions, could address these technical and ethical-social challenges. Once these obstacles are overcome, polygenic risk scoring has the potential to become a reliable method for disease prediction and prevention. With further advancements, PRSs hold promise as efficient and reliable tools for predicting and preventing diseases.<strong>Background:</strong> Since the report of the first genome-wide association study in 2007, the genetic content of millions of human samples has been examined, leading to the identification of thousands of genetic variants associated with different diseases. The calculated combinatorial effects of these genetic variants, known as the Polygenic Risk Score (PRS), partially reflect an individual’s genetic susceptibility to diseases.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>This article starts with disease genomics, summarizes the development of PRSs from genomic study results, their current role in research and beyond by giving real examples, the challenges they face, and their prospects in clinical and public health applications by reviewing existing scientific literature.<br /><strong>Findings:</strong><strong> </strong>Continuous advances in the development of PRSs offer significant potential for improving prediction, screening, early diagnosis, and prognosis of diseases, and can play an effective role in realizing personalized medicine and optimizing health system strategies. However, challenges such as the need for larger genotypic data and a deeper understanding of ethical and social dimensions still hinder their widespread application in the clinical stage. As research continues and these obstacles are overcome, the future of this technology in medicine looks promising.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Enhancing the quantity and quality of genotypic data, along with the development of innovative solutions, could address these technical and ethical-social challenges. Once these obstacles are overcome, polygenic risk scoring has the potential to become a reliable method for disease prediction and prevention. With further advancements, PRSs hold promise as efficient and reliable tools for predicting and preventing diseases.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_33110_3c393443d24e71aeb3557011787c11cd.pdf