Isfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953961520210421Exploring the Role of Social Support in Treatment Seeking among the Women with Experience of Urinary IncontinenceExploring the Role of Social Support in Treatment Seeking among the Women with Experience of Urinary Incontinence1261331227310.22122/jims.v39i615.13565FAJournal Article20220401<strong>Background:</strong> Urinary incontinence is a chronic complication and a social stigma. One of the important and influential factors on the ability of patients to cope with the nature of chronic diseases is social support that affects patients’ behaviors, and changes the quality of life. However, social support can also be a way to improve treatment-seeking help. The aim of this study was to explore the role of social support in treatment seeking among the women with experience of urinary incontinence.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> In this qualitative study, 20 women with experience of urinary incontinence referred to teaching hospitals in Tehran, Iran, were purposefully selected. Data collection was done through semi-structured and in-depth interviews. MAXQDA software was used for data analysis.<br /><strong>Findings:</strong> In the data analysis of participants' experiences, two themes were emerged, support deficiency theme including three main categories of “incompetent information support by others”, “lack of spouse support”, and “lack of family support”, and active support theme including two main categories of “informative support by others” and “spouse empathy”.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Effective social support from different sources such as spouse, family, and friends can play a significant positive role in encouraging and creating treatment-seeking behaviors in women with urinary incontinence. While negative and inefficient social support by others can be considered as important obstacles in pursuing the treatment of the disease.<strong>Background:</strong> Urinary incontinence is a chronic complication and a social stigma. One of the important and influential factors on the ability of patients to cope with the nature of chronic diseases is social support that affects patients’ behaviors, and changes the quality of life. However, social support can also be a way to improve treatment-seeking help. The aim of this study was to explore the role of social support in treatment seeking among the women with experience of urinary incontinence.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> In this qualitative study, 20 women with experience of urinary incontinence referred to teaching hospitals in Tehran, Iran, were purposefully selected. Data collection was done through semi-structured and in-depth interviews. MAXQDA software was used for data analysis.<br /><strong>Findings:</strong> In the data analysis of participants' experiences, two themes were emerged, support deficiency theme including three main categories of “incompetent information support by others”, “lack of spouse support”, and “lack of family support”, and active support theme including two main categories of “informative support by others” and “spouse empathy”.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Effective social support from different sources such as spouse, family, and friends can play a significant positive role in encouraging and creating treatment-seeking behaviors in women with urinary incontinence. While negative and inefficient social support by others can be considered as important obstacles in pursuing the treatment of the disease.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_12273_befe5b0172188ad14d48c3ebe9cf76bf.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953961520210421Protective Effect of Exercise on Nerve Growth Factor in the Hippocampal CA1 Region Following Ischemic Stroke in Male RatProtective Effect of Exercise on Nerve Growth Factor in the Hippocampal CA1 Region Following Ischemic Stroke in Male Rat1341411227410.22122/jims.v39i615.13725FAJournal Article20220401<strong>Background:</strong> Brain ischemia causes irreversible structural and functional damages to specific parts of brain particularly the hippocampus. There are evidences that show exercise training may decrease the damages inflected on brain. The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of exercise training on nerve growth factor (NGF) in hippocampus CA1 region following cerebral ischemia stroke in male Wistar Rats.
<strong>Methods:</strong> 24 male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly assigned into three groups including Sham, Ischemia/Control, and Ischemia/Exercise. The rats in the exercise groups ran on a rat treadmill for 45 minutes per day five days a week for 8 consecutive weeks. Common carotid artery occlusion procedure was employed for 45 minutes to induce ischemia. Cresyl violet (Nissl) was used to neuronal death, and ladder rung walking test was used to evaluate motor and functional recovery. In addition, NGF protein expression was assayed by immunohistochemistry.
<strong>Findings:</strong> Brain ischemia increased neuron death in CA1 region in hippocampus and impaired motor performance on the ladder rung task. In contrast, post-ischemic exercise considerably reduced neuron death and improved skilled motor performance. In addition, NGF protein expression was significantly higher in ischemic/exercise group than the ischemic/control group (P < 0.05).
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> When exercise is prescribed as a treatment and rehabilitation method after cerebral ischemia, it had significant effects on increasing NGF protein expression, and may reduce dead cells, and improve motor function.<strong>Background:</strong> Brain ischemia causes irreversible structural and functional damages to specific parts of brain particularly the hippocampus. There are evidences that show exercise training may decrease the damages inflected on brain. The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of exercise training on nerve growth factor (NGF) in hippocampus CA1 region following cerebral ischemia stroke in male Wistar Rats.
<strong>Methods:</strong> 24 male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly assigned into three groups including Sham, Ischemia/Control, and Ischemia/Exercise. The rats in the exercise groups ran on a rat treadmill for 45 minutes per day five days a week for 8 consecutive weeks. Common carotid artery occlusion procedure was employed for 45 minutes to induce ischemia. Cresyl violet (Nissl) was used to neuronal death, and ladder rung walking test was used to evaluate motor and functional recovery. In addition, NGF protein expression was assayed by immunohistochemistry.
<strong>Findings:</strong> Brain ischemia increased neuron death in CA1 region in hippocampus and impaired motor performance on the ladder rung task. In contrast, post-ischemic exercise considerably reduced neuron death and improved skilled motor performance. In addition, NGF protein expression was significantly higher in ischemic/exercise group than the ischemic/control group (P < 0.05).
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> When exercise is prescribed as a treatment and rehabilitation method after cerebral ischemia, it had significant effects on increasing NGF protein expression, and may reduce dead cells, and improve motor function.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_12274_2edb343575be23ac74ebc110948bb693.pdf