Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Isfahan Medical School 1027-7595 26 89 2008 06 21 Antifungal Activity of Myrtus Communis L. Esssential Oil Against Clinical Isolates of Aspergillus Antifungal Activity of Myrtus Communis L. Esssential Oil Against Clinical Isolates of Aspergillus 105 12959 FA Rasoul Mohammadi Student of PhD, Medical Mycology, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran Seyed Hosein Mirhendi Esfahani Associate Professor of Mycology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahla Shadzi Professor of Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Fariborz Moattar Professor of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan Journal Article 2010 11 07 Abstract Aspergillusis is an opportunistic fungal disease caused by different species of Aspergillus. Clinical manifestation and severity of disease related to physiological conditions of host body, involved organs and Aspergillus species. Myrtle is dried leaves of Myrtus communis L. has medicinal properties. Leaves of this plant has 1.5-2% essential oil and has antimicrobial effect. Background: In this study, broth microdilution method was used. Essential oil of plant was extracted by means of Clevenger apparatus and used on isolates; then account of turbidity caused in wells, their MIC was calculated. Methods: Number of samples was twenty six. Five isolates did not grow up to the dilution of 1/8th (MIC=1/4th), eight isolates up to 1/16th (MIC = 1/8th), ten isolates up to 1/32nd (MIC=1/16th) and three isolates up to 1/64th (MIC=1/32nd) of essential oil. Findings: In view of the fact that Myrtus communis essential oil was effective against all isolates in this research we recommend the investigation of its antifungal properties Invivo and the effect of pH and temperature on its antimicrobial properties. Conclusion: Myrtus communis L., Aspergillus, antifungal activity, essential oil. Key words: Abstract Aspergillusis is an opportunistic fungal disease caused by different species of Aspergillus. Clinical manifestation and severity of disease related to physiological conditions of host body, involved organs and Aspergillus species. Myrtle is dried leaves of Myrtus communis L. has medicinal properties. Leaves of this plant has 1.5-2% essential oil and has antimicrobial effect. Background: In this study, broth microdilution method was used. Essential oil of plant was extracted by means of Clevenger apparatus and used on isolates; then account of turbidity caused in wells, their MIC was calculated. Methods: Number of samples was twenty six. Five isolates did not grow up to the dilution of 1/8th (MIC=1/4th), eight isolates up to 1/16th (MIC = 1/8th), ten isolates up to 1/32nd (MIC=1/16th) and three isolates up to 1/64th (MIC=1/32nd) of essential oil. Findings: In view of the fact that Myrtus communis essential oil was effective against all isolates in this research we recommend the investigation of its antifungal properties Invivo and the effect of pH and temperature on its antimicrobial properties. Conclusion: Myrtus communis L., Aspergillus, antifungal activity, essential oil. Key words: https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_12959_006bfae3a90bab38e29382170867e962.pdf

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Isfahan Medical School 1027-7595 26 89 2008 06 21 The Relation of Marital Conflict and Some of Socio-demographic Features with Migraine Headache Odds Ratio The Relation of Marital Conflict and Some of Socio-demographic Features with Migraine Headache Odds Ratio 112 12960 FA Amrolah Ebrahimi Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 0000-0002-0267-3407 Mohammad Reza Najafi Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 0000-0001-7913-7031 Ali Mehrabi MSc, Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Zohreh Sadeghi MSc of Counseling, Counseling Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Journal Article 2010 11 07 Abstract The role of psychological factors related to migraine headache has been a focus of investigation for long time. The purpose of this study was to determine relationship between marital conflicts as important stress source and migraine headache. Background: In order to evaluate marital conflicts among patients with migraine and to compare with control group, 74 patients with migraine according to International Headache Society (IHS) criteria, were randomly selected from Clinic of Neurology in Alzahra Medical Center. Control group were matched base on some of patients demographic characters, and selected from medical and health centers. Both groups were assessed by Iranian version of Marital Conflicts Questionnaire. Data was analyzed by Manwithny U, Pearson and two point serials correlations and logistic regression Methods. Methods: Data revealed that frequency of marital conflicts among patients with migraine (28%) was higher than control group (11%). Mean score of Marital Conflict was higher in patients than control group (p < 0.01). Migraine headache was predictable based on marital conflicts scores, positive family history and education. Findings: Chronic stress and lack of qualified skills to cope with stress may be precipitate migraine headache. Because migraine is multifactorial disorder, it is necessary to suggest psychological variables in treatment plan, so couple therapy and skill learning to strengthen the family relations for patients are recommended. Conclusion: Marital conflicts, migraine headache, psychological factors. Key words: Abstract The role of psychological factors related to migraine headache has been a focus of investigation for long time. The purpose of this study was to determine relationship between marital conflicts as important stress source and migraine headache. Background: In order to evaluate marital conflicts among patients with migraine and to compare with control group, 74 patients with migraine according to International Headache Society (IHS) criteria, were randomly selected from Clinic of Neurology in Alzahra Medical Center. Control group were matched base on some of patients demographic characters, and selected from medical and health centers. Both groups were assessed by Iranian version of Marital Conflicts Questionnaire. Data was analyzed by Manwithny U, Pearson and two point serials correlations and logistic regression Methods. Methods: Data revealed that frequency of marital conflicts among patients with migraine (28%) was higher than control group (11%). Mean score of Marital Conflict was higher in patients than control group (p < 0.01). Migraine headache was predictable based on marital conflicts scores, positive family history and education. Findings: Chronic stress and lack of qualified skills to cope with stress may be precipitate migraine headache. Because migraine is multifactorial disorder, it is necessary to suggest psychological variables in treatment plan, so couple therapy and skill learning to strengthen the family relations for patients are recommended. Conclusion: Marital conflicts, migraine headache, psychological factors. Key words: https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_12960_657538ca3ad286a7b345fb515d41e14b.pdf

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Isfahan Medical School 1027-7595 26 89 2008 06 21 Screening of asymptomatic bacteriuria: Urinalysis or Urine culture? Which one is more cost- effective? Screening of asymptomatic bacteriuria: Urinalysis or Urine culture? Which one is more cost- effective? 119 12961 FA Ziba Farajzadegan Associate Professor of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahsn, Iran 0000-0002-8811-6678 Parisa Mirmoghtadaee Community Medicine, School of pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran. Ferdos Mehrabian Associate Professor of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran 0000-0002-9344-1766 Journal Article 2010 11 07 Abstract Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) is one of the most common problems during pregnancy. In our public health system, screening of ABU by urinalysis (UA) is free for all pregnant women but urine culture (UC) is more sensitive and specific than UA. Determination of condition to screening asymptomatic bacteriuria with urine culture was the main field of the study. Background: 200 pregnant women in two groups were screened by Dipstick UA and UC. Costs (6) were calculated per groups, and prevented symptomatic bacteriuria was considered as effectiveness (E). Proportion of C/E was estimated. Sensitivity analysis was performed over wide ranges of prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB). Methods: Prevalence of bacteriuria was 4 percent. Direct costs in leukocyte esterase- nitrite dipstick group were 723600 Rials and in leukocyte esterase- nitrite dipstick + urine culture group were 1788800 Rials. The incremental costs in first group were 70200 Rials and cost savings in second group were 46800 Rials. The prevention ratio in first group was 55 percent, and in urinalysis +urine culture was 100 percent. The cost- effectiveness ratio in first group was 1.3 and in second group was 1.7. In sensitivity analysis, if prevalence of ASB was 13 percent، -effectiveness of these strategies were equal and if prevalence was 14 percent and higher, the cost- effectiveness with leukocyte esterase- nitrite dipstick+ urine culture was lower than leukocyte esterase- nitrite dipstick group. Findings: According to our findings, prevalence of ABU was low, screening of ABU by UA in public system is cost/effective at the present situation, but epidemiologic trend study is necessary to make decision about screening tools. Conclusion: Isfahan, ABU, screening, cost-effectiveness, urine culture, urine analysis, pregnancy. Key words: Abstract Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) is one of the most common problems during pregnancy. In our public health system, screening of ABU by urinalysis (UA) is free for all pregnant women but urine culture (UC) is more sensitive and specific than UA. Determination of condition to screening asymptomatic bacteriuria with urine culture was the main field of the study. Background: 200 pregnant women in two groups were screened by Dipstick UA and UC. Costs (6) were calculated per groups, and prevented symptomatic bacteriuria was considered as effectiveness (E). Proportion of C/E was estimated. Sensitivity analysis was performed over wide ranges of prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB). Methods: Prevalence of bacteriuria was 4 percent. Direct costs in leukocyte esterase- nitrite dipstick group were 723600 Rials and in leukocyte esterase- nitrite dipstick + urine culture group were 1788800 Rials. The incremental costs in first group were 70200 Rials and cost savings in second group were 46800 Rials. The prevention ratio in first group was 55 percent, and in urinalysis +urine culture was 100 percent. The cost- effectiveness ratio in first group was 1.3 and in second group was 1.7. In sensitivity analysis, if prevalence of ASB was 13 percent، -effectiveness of these strategies were equal and if prevalence was 14 percent and higher, the cost- effectiveness with leukocyte esterase- nitrite dipstick+ urine culture was lower than leukocyte esterase- nitrite dipstick group. Findings: According to our findings, prevalence of ABU was low, screening of ABU by UA in public system is cost/effective at the present situation, but epidemiologic trend study is necessary to make decision about screening tools. Conclusion: Isfahan, ABU, screening, cost-effectiveness, urine culture, urine analysis, pregnancy. Key words: https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_12961_4830891d089fc2c90e9fd352fd77dad6.pdf

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Isfahan Medical School 1027-7595 26 89 2008 06 21 Determination the Efficacy of Clonidine Premedication on Intraoperative Cardiovascular Stability and Frequency Distribution of Cardiac complication with Placebo after non Cardiac Surgery Determination the Efficacy of Clonidine Premedication on Intraoperative Cardiovascular Stability and Frequency Distribution of Cardiac complication with Placebo after non Cardiac Surgery 127 12962 FA Parvin Sajedi Associate Pofessor, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 0000-0002-2586-1822 Ahmad Yaraghi Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 0000-0001-8532-9005 Gholam Reza Kalili Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Journal Article 2010 11 07 Abstract Most cardiac ischemic episodes tend to start at the end of surgery and during recovery from anesthesia. α2 adrenergic agonists are effective for this purpose. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of oral clonidine as premedication on cardiovascular stability during operation and to prevent cardiovascular complications after surgery. Background: Eighty eight patients enrolled in the study and randomly divided into two groups. The study group received 1mg oral clonidine and the control group received placebo, two hours before anesthesia. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate measured and registered in 5 different times. Any change in ECG monitoring during operation and in the recovery room were registered. Also prevalence of postoperative cardiac complications during the first postoperative day was recorded. All data were analyzed with suitable statistical tests. P<0.05 was significant considered. Methods: Comparison of mean systolic arterial blood pressures between the two groups were lower at all measured times in study group excepts on arrival to the operating room (P<0.05). Mean changes of heart rates in comparable with basic data were statistically higher in control group. Frequency distribution of ECG changes during operation and also frequency distribution of postoperative cardiac complication during the first postoperative day were higher in control group. Findings: Oral low dose clonidine as premedication before anesthesia in old patients can inhibit sympathetic over activity and ECG changes during operation. Also post. operative cardiac complications were lower in study group. Conclusion: Clonidine, Intra and post. operative, complication, α2 adrenergic agonists, premedication, cardiovascular. Key words: Abstract Most cardiac ischemic episodes tend to start at the end of surgery and during recovery from anesthesia. α2 adrenergic agonists are effective for this purpose. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of oral clonidine as premedication on cardiovascular stability during operation and to prevent cardiovascular complications after surgery. Background: Eighty eight patients enrolled in the study and randomly divided into two groups. The study group received 1mg oral clonidine and the control group received placebo, two hours before anesthesia. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate measured and registered in 5 different times. Any change in ECG monitoring during operation and in the recovery room were registered. Also prevalence of postoperative cardiac complications during the first postoperative day was recorded. All data were analyzed with suitable statistical tests. P<0.05 was significant considered. Methods: Comparison of mean systolic arterial blood pressures between the two groups were lower at all measured times in study group excepts on arrival to the operating room (P<0.05). Mean changes of heart rates in comparable with basic data were statistically higher in control group. Frequency distribution of ECG changes during operation and also frequency distribution of postoperative cardiac complication during the first postoperative day were higher in control group. Findings: Oral low dose clonidine as premedication before anesthesia in old patients can inhibit sympathetic over activity and ECG changes during operation. Also post. operative cardiac complications were lower in study group. Conclusion: Clonidine, Intra and post. operative, complication, α2 adrenergic agonists, premedication, cardiovascular. Key words: https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_12962_0164681a5e7cab55bfaa89e9c524c9f0.pdf

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Isfahan Medical School 1027-7595 26 89 2008 06 21 The Effect of Short- term Physical Activity (treadmill running) on Spatial Learning and Memory in the Intact and Morphine Dependent Male rats The Effect of Short- term Physical Activity (treadmill running) on Spatial Learning and Memory in the Intact and Morphine Dependent Male rats 136 12963 FA Hamid Azizi Malekabadi Assistant Professor of Biological Science (animal physiology), Khorasgan Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran Hojjatollah Alaei Professor of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran Mahmoud Hosseini Assistant Professor of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran Journal Article 2010 11 07 Abstract It has been shown that the activity of some neurotransmitters may be changed by exercise. It can also affect on pleasure center through Opioid Systems and releasing neurotransmitters. Based on the effect of exercise, in this research, we studied the effect of exercise and physical activity with treadmill running on spatial learning and memory in the intact and morphine dependent male rats. Background: Healthy male Wistar rats ,weighting about 250gr 4 month age , were divided into four groups as follows: control (without treadmill running and morphine) , exercise (treadmill running and without morphine) , morphine (morphine treatment without treadmill running) and exercise+morphine treatment (n=10). Compulsive running on rat treadmill were performed in a ten- days period (1hr per day, at a speed of 17m/min and an incline of 15 degrees). Intraperitoneal injection of dissolved morphine with increasing doses of 10 mg/kg , 20 mg/kg and 40mg/kg for the first , second and third every 3 days , respectively , were applied to make rats morphine dependence. Corresponding control rats went through spatial learning process on a Morris water maze for 8 days. The time to reach the platform (latency), the length of swim path, and the swim speed were used for the evaluation of spatial learning. Methods: On the basis of this results, in comparison of total mean of the eight days spatial learning and memory experiment, for three parameters (path length, latency and swim speed), between control groups and exercise + morphine treatment groups are significant different (P< 0. 05). The differences of these parameters between exercise + morphine groups with another groups is significant (P<0.05), but between control groups and two other groups is not significant (P>0.05). Findings: We found that treadmill running can improve spatial learning and memory in morphine dependent rats significantly. These results confirm with our previously reports. According to effect of exercise on the release of endorphin and activation of neurotransmitters systems such as dopaminergic, serotonergic and glutamatergic, It could be short- term of exercise with opioid system  together increase spatial learning and memory in rats morphine dependence, suggesting the pleasure center in the brain is the same for addiction and memory. Conclusion: Exercise, spatial memory, rat, Morris water maze. Key words: Abstract It has been shown that the activity of some neurotransmitters may be changed by exercise. It can also affect on pleasure center through Opioid Systems and releasing neurotransmitters. Based on the effect of exercise, in this research, we studied the effect of exercise and physical activity with treadmill running on spatial learning and memory in the intact and morphine dependent male rats. Background: Healthy male Wistar rats ,weighting about 250gr 4 month age , were divided into four groups as follows: control (without treadmill running and morphine) , exercise (treadmill running and without morphine) , morphine (morphine treatment without treadmill running) and exercise+morphine treatment (n=10). Compulsive running on rat treadmill were performed in a ten- days period (1hr per day, at a speed of 17m/min and an incline of 15 degrees). Intraperitoneal injection of dissolved morphine with increasing doses of 10 mg/kg , 20 mg/kg and 40mg/kg for the first , second and third every 3 days , respectively , were applied to make rats morphine dependence. Corresponding control rats went through spatial learning process on a Morris water maze for 8 days. The time to reach the platform (latency), the length of swim path, and the swim speed were used for the evaluation of spatial learning. Methods: On the basis of this results, in comparison of total mean of the eight days spatial learning and memory experiment, for three parameters (path length, latency and swim speed), between control groups and exercise + morphine treatment groups are significant different (P< 0. 05). The differences of these parameters between exercise + morphine groups with another groups is significant (P<0.05), but between control groups and two other groups is not significant (P>0.05). Findings: We found that treadmill running can improve spatial learning and memory in morphine dependent rats significantly. These results confirm with our previously reports. According to effect of exercise on the release of endorphin and activation of neurotransmitters systems such as dopaminergic, serotonergic and glutamatergic, It could be short- term of exercise with opioid system  together increase spatial learning and memory in rats morphine dependence, suggesting the pleasure center in the brain is the same for addiction and memory. Conclusion: Exercise, spatial memory, rat, Morris water maze. Key words: https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_12963_8ad124e01f97c4cf812b49a875fc0965.pdf

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Isfahan Medical School 1027-7595 26 89 2008 06 21 The Effect of Intradialytic Exercise on Dialysis Efficacy, Serum Phosphate, Hemoglobin and Blood Pressure Control and Comparison between Two Exercise Programs in Hemodialysis Patients The Effect of Intradialytic Exercise on Dialysis Efficacy, Serum Phosphate, Hemoglobin and Blood Pressure Control and Comparison between Two Exercise Programs in Hemodialysis Patients 148 12964 FA Mohammad Javad Fallahi Resident of Internal medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran. Shahrzad Shahidi Associate Professor of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran. 0000-0002-5442-6424 Ziba Farajzadegan Associate Professor of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran Journal Article 2010 11 07 Abstract There is some evidence that showed intradialytic exercise increases dialysis efficacy and removes phosphate. This study examined the impact of intrdialytic exercise on dialysis efficacy, serum phosphate, control of blood pressure and hemoglobin level. Background: In this clinical trial, 14 patient (47/13+/-14/6 years) on hemodialysis (6-180 months), after excluding contraindication, participated for eighth week exercise program in which they pedaled a bicycle at sub maximal workload. Total duration of exercise was one hour in the first two hours of HD. Patients divided into two groups: group A: two parts of 30 minutes exercise. Group B: six parts of 10 minutes exercise. Pre- dialysis blood pressure, URR (urea reduction ratio), sp Kt/V, serum phosphate, calcium and hemoglobin were measured initially, at the end of 4th week and 8th week of study. Methods: Two patients discontinued the study. sp Kt/V despite 20% increase at the end of study was not significant. Mean systolic blood pressure decreased 5.4 mmhg that was significant (Pv: 015). There is no significant difference between two groups except in the dose of phosphate binder at the end of first month and the end of study. Findings: One hour intradialytic exercise can cause significant reduction in systolic blood pressure. Clinical increase in sp Kt/V and slijht reduction in serum phosphate and hemoglobin level. Two part time of 30 minutes exercise program was more effective to lower the dose of phosphate binder drug. But comprehensive studies are needed to established definite benefits of intradialytic exercise and relative advantages of different exercise programs. Conclusion: Exercise, hemodialysis, dialysis efficacy. Key words: Abstract There is some evidence that showed intradialytic exercise increases dialysis efficacy and removes phosphate. This study examined the impact of intrdialytic exercise on dialysis efficacy, serum phosphate, control of blood pressure and hemoglobin level. Background: In this clinical trial, 14 patient (47/13+/-14/6 years) on hemodialysis (6-180 months), after excluding contraindication, participated for eighth week exercise program in which they pedaled a bicycle at sub maximal workload. Total duration of exercise was one hour in the first two hours of HD. Patients divided into two groups: group A: two parts of 30 minutes exercise. Group B: six parts of 10 minutes exercise. Pre- dialysis blood pressure, URR (urea reduction ratio), sp Kt/V, serum phosphate, calcium and hemoglobin were measured initially, at the end of 4th week and 8th week of study. Methods: Two patients discontinued the study. sp Kt/V despite 20% increase at the end of study was not significant. Mean systolic blood pressure decreased 5.4 mmhg that was significant (Pv: 015). There is no significant difference between two groups except in the dose of phosphate binder at the end of first month and the end of study. Findings: One hour intradialytic exercise can cause significant reduction in systolic blood pressure. Clinical increase in sp Kt/V and slijht reduction in serum phosphate and hemoglobin level. Two part time of 30 minutes exercise program was more effective to lower the dose of phosphate binder drug. But comprehensive studies are needed to established definite benefits of intradialytic exercise and relative advantages of different exercise programs. Conclusion: Exercise, hemodialysis, dialysis efficacy. Key words: https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_12964_412bb949b10ebe6b9fe743385388f3cb.pdf

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Isfahan Medical School 1027-7595 26 89 2008 06 21 Local Brain Ischemia Inducing in Rat by Embolic Model of Stroke Local Brain Ischemia Inducing in Rat by Embolic Model of Stroke 158 12965 FA Mohammad Allahtavakoli Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Rooholah Moloudi MSc, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Behnam Heshmatian Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Mohammad Reza Rahmani MSc, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Mohammad Ebrahim Rezvani Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Journal Article 2010 11 07 AbstractIn patients affected with stroke, most ischemic episodes (80-90%) occur due to occlusion of middle cerebral artery (MCA).Background:Some of blood through femoral artery was withdrawn into a PE- 50 catheter and kept for 2 h in room temperature and 22 h at 4°C to allow old clot formation. Then the catheter was advanced 17 mm in the internal carotid artery until its tip was 1 to 2 mm away from MCA origin. 3-5 µl the preformed clot or 5 µl saline (for sham- operated animals) were injected. Behavioral deficits and seizure activities were recorded at 2, 24, and 48 hours after clot injection. Then the rats were decapitated to remove the brains and prepare them for Tetrazoliume chloride (TTC) staining and analyzing.Methods:When 3 or 5 µl clots were injected, infarct volume was 29.35±1.26% and 16.15±94% respectively (p<0.05). Brain edema also was 8.6±1.65% and 3±1.74%, respectively (p<0.05). There was a significant correlation between infarct volume and brain edema (r=0.56, p<0.05). Behavioral deficit score at 48 hours after clot injection between two groups were significantly different (p<0.05).Findings:This model is very similar to thromboembolic stroke in human and prepares a reliable method for investigating the stroke mechanism. It would also be useful for studying thromboembolic agents' effect on stroke and brain ischemic injury.Conclusion:Brain ischemia, embolic model, brain edema, neurological deficits.Key words: AbstractIn patients affected with stroke, most ischemic episodes (80-90%) occur due to occlusion of middle cerebral artery (MCA).Background:Some of blood through femoral artery was withdrawn into a PE- 50 catheter and kept for 2 h in room temperature and 22 h at 4°C to allow old clot formation. Then the catheter was advanced 17 mm in the internal carotid artery until its tip was 1 to 2 mm away from MCA origin. 3-5 µl the preformed clot or 5 µl saline (for sham- operated animals) were injected. Behavioral deficits and seizure activities were recorded at 2, 24, and 48 hours after clot injection. Then the rats were decapitated to remove the brains and prepare them for Tetrazoliume chloride (TTC) staining and analyzing.Methods:When 3 or 5 µl clots were injected, infarct volume was 29.35±1.26% and 16.15±94% respectively (p<0.05). Brain edema also was 8.6±1.65% and 3±1.74%, respectively (p<0.05). There was a significant correlation between infarct volume and brain edema (r=0.56, p<0.05). Behavioral deficit score at 48 hours after clot injection between two groups were significantly different (p<0.05).Findings:This model is very similar to thromboembolic stroke in human and prepares a reliable method for investigating the stroke mechanism. It would also be useful for studying thromboembolic agents' effect on stroke and brain ischemic injury.Conclusion:Brain ischemia, embolic model, brain edema, neurological deficits.Key words: https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_12965_c0410c653460d525550e95c900d6b644.pdf

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Isfahan Medical School 1027-7595 26 89 2008 06 21 Anti phospholipid Syndrome Nephropathy in Patients with Lupus Nephritis Anti phospholipid Syndrome Nephropathy in Patients with Lupus Nephritis 167 12966 FA Ali Sadoogh Abbasian Resident of internal Medicine, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Zahra Seyed Bonakdar Assistant Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Diana Taheri Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Journal Article 2010 11 07 Abstract Increasing the Antiphospholipid-nephropathy (APS-N) alterations on lupus renal lesions cause renal disease progression and detoriation of prognosis. The aim of this study was to find some indicators in lupus patients that can predict the occurring of APS-N in them and can be construct the preventive treatments for prevention of more complications. Background: In this descriptive study, the renal biopsy specimens of 66 patients with lupus nephritis, were reviewed according to new classification of lupus nephritis ISN/RPS 2003 by a nephropathologist and synchronous alterations due to APS, were studied. Results were analyzed by SPSS-12 and statistical methods, independent sample test, chi-square. Methods: The APS-N alterations were seen in 31.8% of patients. The most common class of lupus nephritis was IV. There was no significant difference between any one of the lupus nephritis class and the existence of synchronous APS-N alterations (P > 0.05), between lupus nephritis and APS-N with serum Cr level at the time of renal biopsy (P = 0.434) and also between the presence of anti phospholipid antibodies and the existence of synchronous APS-N alterations (P=  0.904). The difference between clinical signs (thrombosis, ischemia) and existence of the synchronous APS-N alterations, was strongly significant (P = 0.001). Findings: This study recommend that pathologists should be careful to diagnose and report the existence of synchronous APS-N alterations in renal biopsy specimens related to lupus nephritis patients, because these alterations help the physician to carry out proper treatment and prevent of future vascular thrombotic events in lupus nephritis patients. Conclusion: Anti phospholipid syndrome, lupus nephritis, normal pathology. Key words: Abstract Increasing the Antiphospholipid-nephropathy (APS-N) alterations on lupus renal lesions cause renal disease progression and detoriation of prognosis. The aim of this study was to find some indicators in lupus patients that can predict the occurring of APS-N in them and can be construct the preventive treatments for prevention of more complications. Background: In this descriptive study, the renal biopsy specimens of 66 patients with lupus nephritis, were reviewed according to new classification of lupus nephritis ISN/RPS 2003 by a nephropathologist and synchronous alterations due to APS, were studied. Results were analyzed by SPSS-12 and statistical methods, independent sample test, chi-square. Methods: The APS-N alterations were seen in 31.8% of patients. The most common class of lupus nephritis was IV. There was no significant difference between any one of the lupus nephritis class and the existence of synchronous APS-N alterations (P > 0.05), between lupus nephritis and APS-N with serum Cr level at the time of renal biopsy (P = 0.434) and also between the presence of anti phospholipid antibodies and the existence of synchronous APS-N alterations (P=  0.904). The difference between clinical signs (thrombosis, ischemia) and existence of the synchronous APS-N alterations, was strongly significant (P = 0.001). Findings: This study recommend that pathologists should be careful to diagnose and report the existence of synchronous APS-N alterations in renal biopsy specimens related to lupus nephritis patients, because these alterations help the physician to carry out proper treatment and prevent of future vascular thrombotic events in lupus nephritis patients. Conclusion: Anti phospholipid syndrome, lupus nephritis, normal pathology. Key words: https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_12966_4fd31a77f882ecb871a3f0fb44e1a4d0.pdf

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Isfahan Medical School 1027-7595 26 89 2008 06 21 Bone mineral density in patients with Beta-Thalassemia Major in Qazvin Bone mineral density in patients with Beta-Thalassemia Major in Qazvin 175 12967 FA Fatemeh Saffari Pediatric Endocrinologist, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran 0000-0002-8366-5205 Mahyar Abolfazl Professor of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran Journal Article 2010 11 07 Abstract Thalassemia is the most common hereditary anemia and beta thalassemia major is the most severe form of this syndrome. Patients' surveillance will be increase by the use of desferal, blood transfusion, and bone marrow transplantation, but simoultaneously the mineral bone density can be decreased. Background: In this cross- sectional study 63 patients with ß- thalassemia major   (12-36 years old) were enrolled. Physical examination, laboratory tests, bone radiography and bone density measurements done for every one. Then, datas analyzed with SPSS software, and Chi- square test. Methods: 34 (56%) out of 63 patients were male. Patients mean age was        20/89 ± 5/01 years old, 11 ones (18%) were 12-17 and 52 patients (82%) were 17-36 years old. Mean of weight, height and BMI were 45/56 ± 9/2 Kg, 157 ± 10/43 cm and 19/87 ± 2/8 kg/m2 respectively. Impaired puberty observed in 27 ones (32/9%) and 40 (77%) had Low bone mineral density. The relationship between low bone mineral density and puberty status was significant (P < 0/05). Findings: This study shows a significant relation between low bone density (osteopenia, Osteoporosis) and impaired puberty in B. thalassemia major patients. Conclusion: Major thalassemia, Bone mineral density, Osteopenia, Osteoporosis, puberty. Key words: Abstract Thalassemia is the most common hereditary anemia and beta thalassemia major is the most severe form of this syndrome. Patients' surveillance will be increase by the use of desferal, blood transfusion, and bone marrow transplantation, but simoultaneously the mineral bone density can be decreased. Background: In this cross- sectional study 63 patients with ß- thalassemia major   (12-36 years old) were enrolled. Physical examination, laboratory tests, bone radiography and bone density measurements done for every one. Then, datas analyzed with SPSS software, and Chi- square test. Methods: 34 (56%) out of 63 patients were male. Patients mean age was        20/89 ± 5/01 years old, 11 ones (18%) were 12-17 and 52 patients (82%) were 17-36 years old. Mean of weight, height and BMI were 45/56 ± 9/2 Kg, 157 ± 10/43 cm and 19/87 ± 2/8 kg/m2 respectively. Impaired puberty observed in 27 ones (32/9%) and 40 (77%) had Low bone mineral density. The relationship between low bone mineral density and puberty status was significant (P < 0/05). Findings: This study shows a significant relation between low bone density (osteopenia, Osteoporosis) and impaired puberty in B. thalassemia major patients. Conclusion: Major thalassemia, Bone mineral density, Osteopenia, Osteoporosis, puberty. Key words: https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_12967_5e2474f1e2b6e1e2a6985974062b664c.pdf

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Isfahan Medical School 1027-7595 26 89 2008 06 21 Evaluation of Sperm Selection Procedure Based on its Binding Ability to Hyaluronic Acid on ICSI Outcome Evaluation of Sperm Selection Procedure Based on its Binding Ability to Hyaluronic Acid on ICSI Outcome 183 12968 FA Farhad Fathi Student of MSc, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran Shahnaz Razavi Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 0009-0002-7684-1853 Akbar Vahdati Professor of Biology, School of Sciences, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran Mohamad Hosein Nasr-Esfahani Professor, Department of Andrology and Embryology, Reproductive Medicine Research Center, Royan Institute (Isfahan Campus), Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center, Isfahan, Iran 0000-0003-1983-3435 Marzieh Tavalaee Faculty Member of Andrology, Reproductive Medicince Research Center, Royan Institute, Isfahn, Iran Journal Article 2010 11 07 Abstract Literature studies have suggested that morphology and motility parameters are not discriminatory value with respect to identification of normal mature sperm with intact DNA during Intra Cytoplasm Sperm Injection (ICSI). Thus, sperm surface markers, such as hyaluronic acid (HA) binding, have proposed to be useful for sperm selection for ICSI. Therefore, during this study the efficiency of HA sperm selection method was compared to routine ICSI procedure. Background: Semen samples from 50 couples were collected on the day of oocyte recovery. Semen analysis was carried out according to WHO criteria. For preparation dishes, hyaluronic acid was placed in dish. Denude oocytes were randomly divided to HA and control groups in G-oocyte drops under oil in a dish prepared for ICSI. For HA-ICSI, sperm were selected according to their binding ability to HA and the best morphology and motility. The percentage of fertilization, cleavage rate, embryo quality, implantation and pregnancy rate were compared between two groups with SPSS-11.5 software. Methods: Unlike percentage fertilization which was significantly higher in the HA group compared to the control group (P = 0.020), cleavage and embryo quality rate in the HA group on the second and third day the mean number of embryos per transfer was not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.06). However, the cleavage rate in HA group was, close to be significantly higher on the second day (P = 0.066). Implantation and pregnancy rates were also significantly higher in the HA group compared to the control group. Findings: The results of this study suggest that HA sperm selection may improve the ICSI outcome. Conclusion: Hyaluronic acid (HA), Fertilization, Pregnancy, Implantation, Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI). Key words: Abstract Literature studies have suggested that morphology and motility parameters are not discriminatory value with respect to identification of normal mature sperm with intact DNA during Intra Cytoplasm Sperm Injection (ICSI). Thus, sperm surface markers, such as hyaluronic acid (HA) binding, have proposed to be useful for sperm selection for ICSI. Therefore, during this study the efficiency of HA sperm selection method was compared to routine ICSI procedure. Background: Semen samples from 50 couples were collected on the day of oocyte recovery. Semen analysis was carried out according to WHO criteria. For preparation dishes, hyaluronic acid was placed in dish. Denude oocytes were randomly divided to HA and control groups in G-oocyte drops under oil in a dish prepared for ICSI. For HA-ICSI, sperm were selected according to their binding ability to HA and the best morphology and motility. The percentage of fertilization, cleavage rate, embryo quality, implantation and pregnancy rate were compared between two groups with SPSS-11.5 software. Methods: Unlike percentage fertilization which was significantly higher in the HA group compared to the control group (P = 0.020), cleavage and embryo quality rate in the HA group on the second and third day the mean number of embryos per transfer was not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.06). However, the cleavage rate in HA group was, close to be significantly higher on the second day (P = 0.066). Implantation and pregnancy rates were also significantly higher in the HA group compared to the control group. Findings: The results of this study suggest that HA sperm selection may improve the ICSI outcome. Conclusion: Hyaluronic acid (HA), Fertilization, Pregnancy, Implantation, Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI). Key words: https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_12968_78c784cf4f1360d2c590de5146e67b4c.pdf

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Isfahan Medical School 1027-7595 26 89 2008 06 21 The Effectiveness of Electroconvulsive on the Major Depression Patients with the Weak and Strong Memory The Effectiveness of Electroconvulsive on the Major Depression Patients with the Weak and Strong Memory 193 12969 FA Mohammad Bagher Kajbaf Assistant Professor of Psychology, School of Education and Psychology, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran Sadra Khosravi Student of PhD, Department of Psychology, School of Education and Psychology, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran Journal Article 2010 11 07 Abstract Electroconvulsive therapy has been recognized as a very effective treatment for severe depressions. Studies have shown that in major depressive patients, speed of information processing after the treatment with ECT will be increased. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of ECT on the memory of the major depressive patients to see whether this kind of treatment has any effect on improvement of the memory of these patients. Background: In this study, with the experimental design, repeated measurement of ECT effect on major depressive patient memory was investigated. For this purpose, the function of these patients on the Wechsler memory measure test in two strong and weak groups regarding their memory quotient were investigated before ECT, 48 hours and six weeks after the last session of ECT. In each group 15 patients were selected and matched considering age, education and other intended variables in the research. The patients received ECT laterally on their non- dominant hemisphere, three sessions a week. The results were interpreted with the use of measuring the analysis of variance and F test. Methods: The mean scores for the strong MQ group before the ECT was 94.13 and 48 hours after the last session was 89.40 and in the weak group was 79.66 and 75.86 respectively, in both groups a significant difference of P < 0.0001 exists. Six week after the ECT in both groups it was 98.20 and 84.46 respectively that in strong group in P < 0.0001 and in weak group P < 0.02 it was significant. The scores in the 48 hours after the ECT stage was decreasing but in the 6 weeks after the ECT stage was increasing. Findings: The present study shows that decrease in memory after the ECT is temporary and six weeks after the last session of ECT patient's memory in both weak and strong groups would be improved and would be increased. Conclusion: Major depression, electroconvulsive, memory. Key words: Abstract Electroconvulsive therapy has been recognized as a very effective treatment for severe depressions. Studies have shown that in major depressive patients, speed of information processing after the treatment with ECT will be increased. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of ECT on the memory of the major depressive patients to see whether this kind of treatment has any effect on improvement of the memory of these patients. Background: In this study, with the experimental design, repeated measurement of ECT effect on major depressive patient memory was investigated. For this purpose, the function of these patients on the Wechsler memory measure test in two strong and weak groups regarding their memory quotient were investigated before ECT, 48 hours and six weeks after the last session of ECT. In each group 15 patients were selected and matched considering age, education and other intended variables in the research. The patients received ECT laterally on their non- dominant hemisphere, three sessions a week. The results were interpreted with the use of measuring the analysis of variance and F test. Methods: The mean scores for the strong MQ group before the ECT was 94.13 and 48 hours after the last session was 89.40 and in the weak group was 79.66 and 75.86 respectively, in both groups a significant difference of P < 0.0001 exists. Six week after the ECT in both groups it was 98.20 and 84.46 respectively that in strong group in P < 0.0001 and in weak group P < 0.02 it was significant. The scores in the 48 hours after the ECT stage was decreasing but in the 6 weeks after the ECT stage was increasing. Findings: The present study shows that decrease in memory after the ECT is temporary and six weeks after the last session of ECT patient's memory in both weak and strong groups would be improved and would be increased. Conclusion: Major depression, electroconvulsive, memory. Key words: https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_12969_4cbb466a35d3bb7304ea43cd687929f0.pdf

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Isfahan Medical School 1027-7595 26 89 2008 06 21 A New, Inexpensive and Minimally Invasive Method to Remove a Foley Catheter with Balloon Obstruction A New, Inexpensive and Minimally Invasive Method to Remove a Foley Catheter with Balloon Obstruction 204 12970 FA Peyman Salehi Resident of Urology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Navid Omidifar Medical Student, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Journal Article 2010 11 07 Abstract Urethral catheterization can sometimes be associated with complications. Sometimes, it may be difficult to deflate the balloon and remove the catheter. This report introduces a new, inexpensive, minimally invasive and fairly rapid method to remove a Foley catheter with balloon obstruction. Background: We used this method during the last 3 years in hospitalized patients over 18 years of age, with Foley catheter balloon obstruction. effectiveness, patient satisfaction and the complications of this method were evaluated. Methods: Total of 21 patients (19 males and 2 females, average age 56) had Foley catheter balloon obstruction. In all 21 patients the catheters were removed successfully. Patient satisfaction was excellent in 14 and good in 5 patients. Findings: Using this new, inexpensive and minimally invasive method, we were able to relieve Foley catheter balloon obstruction in all 21 patients. Using this procedure is recommended to solve this problem in such cases. Conclusion: Foley catheter, balloon obstruction, complication. Key words: Abstract Urethral catheterization can sometimes be associated with complications. Sometimes, it may be difficult to deflate the balloon and remove the catheter. This report introduces a new, inexpensive, minimally invasive and fairly rapid method to remove a Foley catheter with balloon obstruction. Background: We used this method during the last 3 years in hospitalized patients over 18 years of age, with Foley catheter balloon obstruction. effectiveness, patient satisfaction and the complications of this method were evaluated. Methods: Total of 21 patients (19 males and 2 females, average age 56) had Foley catheter balloon obstruction. In all 21 patients the catheters were removed successfully. Patient satisfaction was excellent in 14 and good in 5 patients. Findings: Using this new, inexpensive and minimally invasive method, we were able to relieve Foley catheter balloon obstruction in all 21 patients. Using this procedure is recommended to solve this problem in such cases. Conclusion: Foley catheter, balloon obstruction, complication. Key words: https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_12970_b1d3a8fba2c3b1a07da18922ec3d5664.pdf

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Isfahan Medical School 1027-7595 26 89 2008 06 21 Hydatid Cyst of Interventricular Septum, a Case Report Hydatid Cyst of Interventricular Septum, a Case Report 209 12971 FA Behdad Haghpanah Cardiologist, Gharazi Hospital, Isfahan Behzad Haghpanah Assistant Professor, Department of Parasitology and Mycology. Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Journal Article 2010 11 07 Abstract Hydatid disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus and produce cysts in different organs and tissues. Heart hydatid disease is a rare Echinococcosis. Sincec the cyst grows very slowly the disease is diagnosed with delay. In this report the case discussed of a female interventricular septum hydatid cyst. It was removed surgically after diagnosis and she was unfortunately expired after surgery. According to probability of heart involvement in endemic areas, rapid diagnosis can decrease the pathogen city and mortality rate.   Exercise, spatial memory, rat, Morris water maze. Key words: Abstract Hydatid disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus and produce cysts in different organs and tissues. Heart hydatid disease is a rare Echinococcosis. Sincec the cyst grows very slowly the disease is diagnosed with delay. In this report the case discussed of a female interventricular septum hydatid cyst. It was removed surgically after diagnosis and she was unfortunately expired after surgery. According to probability of heart involvement in endemic areas, rapid diagnosis can decrease the pathogen city and mortality rate.   Exercise, spatial memory, rat, Morris water maze. Key words: https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_12971_9bb9852b78e55603158ed65149db7dd6.pdf

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Isfahan Medical School 1027-7595 26 89 2008 06 21 عفونت توکسوپلاسما گوندی در حاملگی: مزایا و معایب تشخیص توسط سرولوژی عفونت توکسوپلاسما گوندی در حاملگی: مزایا و معایب تشخیص توسط سرولوژی 12958 FA Alireza Emami Naeini Farzin Khorvash Journal Article 2010 11 07 - - https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_12958_d3779a48ccf8e469f915ffdbc55f6e2e.pdf

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Isfahan Medical School 1027-7595 26 89 2008 06 21 The Phakomatosis (Neurocutaneous Syndromes): Sturge-Weber Syndrome The Phakomatosis (Neurocutaneous Syndromes): Sturge-Weber Syndrome 214 12972 FA Ahmad Chitsaz Associate Professor, Faculty of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences 0000-0001-7983-2122 Journal Article 2010 11 07   Neurocutaneous syndromes or phakomatosis are inherited or sporadic conditions that feature lesions of both skin and nervous system. Sturge-weber syndrome (SWS) is characterized by a facial cutaneaous angioma (port-wine nevus) and an associated leptomeningeal and brain angioma; Neurological features of SWS are mental retardation, contra lateral hemiparesis and hemiatrophy and homonymous hemianopia.   Sturge-Weber Syndrome (SWS)   Neurocutaneous syndromes or phakomatosis are inherited or sporadic conditions that feature lesions of both skin and nervous system. Sturge-weber syndrome (SWS) is characterized by a facial cutaneaous angioma (port-wine nevus) and an associated leptomeningeal and brain angioma; Neurological features of SWS are mental retardation, contra lateral hemiparesis and hemiatrophy and homonymous hemianopia.   Sturge-Weber Syndrome (SWS)