Isfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75952912720110321Comparison of Relative Frequency of Human Papillomatous Virus by Using of Immiunohistochemistry Method between Patients with Prostatic Adenocarcinoma or Benign Prostatic HyperplasiaComparison of Relative Frequency of Human Papillomatous Virus by Using of Immiunohistochemistry Method between Patients with Prostatic Adenocarcinoma or Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia808513373FAMojganMokhtariAssociate Professor, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.FaeghehTaghizadehPathologist, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.EsmaeilRouzbahaniOrthopedic Surgeon, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranTahminehNarimaniDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.Journal Article20110417Background: Prostatic Adenocarcinoma is the most prevalent cancer in men and cause of death in them. Many risk factors have been recognized like as Human Papillomatous Virus (HPV) which could be detected better by immiunohistochemistry (IHC) method. Our aim was comparing the relative frequency of HPV in patients with adenocarcinoma or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods: In this study, presence of HPV in 120 cases (90 with BPH and 30 with adenocarcinoma) was detected by IHC.Finding: As a whole, 4 patients (3 in adenocarcinoma and 1 in BPH group) were HPV positive (detected by IHC method). The mean age was in 61.75 and 68.51 years in HPV positive and HPV negative groups, respectively. Correlation between age and HPV was not significant. Correlation between HPV and adenocarcinoma was meaningful (P = 0.048).Conclusion: In this study, 3.3% of patients were HPV positive. HPV is a risk factor for prostat hyperplasia and also its conversion to malignancy. HPV infections shold be diagnosed and treated in early stages to reduce prevalence of adenocarcinoma and other complications. Background: Prostatic Adenocarcinoma is the most prevalent cancer in men and cause of death in them. Many risk factors have been recognized like as Human Papillomatous Virus (HPV) which could be detected better by immiunohistochemistry (IHC) method. Our aim was comparing the relative frequency of HPV in patients with adenocarcinoma or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods: In this study, presence of HPV in 120 cases (90 with BPH and 30 with adenocarcinoma) was detected by IHC.Finding: As a whole, 4 patients (3 in adenocarcinoma and 1 in BPH group) were HPV positive (detected by IHC method). The mean age was in 61.75 and 68.51 years in HPV positive and HPV negative groups, respectively. Correlation between age and HPV was not significant. Correlation between HPV and adenocarcinoma was meaningful (P = 0.048).Conclusion: In this study, 3.3% of patients were HPV positive. HPV is a risk factor for prostat hyperplasia and also its conversion to malignancy. HPV infections shold be diagnosed and treated in early stages to reduce prevalence of adenocarcinoma and other complications. https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_13373_0a4be74a9612071c7992274538563b78.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75952912720110321Using Mixed Models with Flexible Random Effects for Determining the Best Diabetic Macular Edema TreatmentUsing Mixed Models with Flexible Random Effects for Determining the Best Diabetic Macular Edema Treatment869413374FAMarjanMansourianPhD student, Department of Biostatistics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranAnoshirvanKazemnejadProfessor, Department of Biostatistics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranIrajKazemiAssistant Professor, Department of Statistics, Isfahan University, Isfahan, IranFaridZayeriAssistant Professor, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMasoudSoheilianProfessor, Department of Ophthalmologist, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20101206Background: Diabetic macular edema is one of the most prevalent outcomes between diabetic patients. According to high prevalence of this disorder and its related outcomes between diabetic patients, the goal of this study is determining the efficacy of a single intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (IVB) alone or in combination with triamcinolone versus macular laser photocoagulation (MPC) as primary treatment for diabetic macular edema (DME) using updated statistical modelling.Methods: This modeling was performed on 102 diabetic patients in three above-mentioned groups who had diabetic macular edema and did not get any treatment before the beginning of clinical trials. A mixed model with non-normal random effects has been proposed to compare the effects of treatment on diabetic macular edema by omitting the effects of confounders. Effect of these treatments has been investigated according to variation of best-corrected Visual Acuity and central macular thickness, as two major outcomes.Finding: The results of mixed modelling with non-normal random effects according to omitting the effects of confounders in the period of study, show that the Intravitreal Bevacizumab injection alone or combined with Triamcinolone treatments have more Therapeutic effect than the Macular Photocoagulation treatment on Diabetic Macular Edema patients.Conclusion: According to this investigation, patients with more diabetic duration who had more central macular tickness and less best-corrected visual acuity in the beginning of the study had better response to interventions. More investigations showed using different treatments lead to different results on diabetic macular edema.Background: Diabetic macular edema is one of the most prevalent outcomes between diabetic patients. According to high prevalence of this disorder and its related outcomes between diabetic patients, the goal of this study is determining the efficacy of a single intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (IVB) alone or in combination with triamcinolone versus macular laser photocoagulation (MPC) as primary treatment for diabetic macular edema (DME) using updated statistical modelling.Methods: This modeling was performed on 102 diabetic patients in three above-mentioned groups who had diabetic macular edema and did not get any treatment before the beginning of clinical trials. A mixed model with non-normal random effects has been proposed to compare the effects of treatment on diabetic macular edema by omitting the effects of confounders. Effect of these treatments has been investigated according to variation of best-corrected Visual Acuity and central macular thickness, as two major outcomes.Finding: The results of mixed modelling with non-normal random effects according to omitting the effects of confounders in the period of study, show that the Intravitreal Bevacizumab injection alone or combined with Triamcinolone treatments have more Therapeutic effect than the Macular Photocoagulation treatment on Diabetic Macular Edema patients.Conclusion: According to this investigation, patients with more diabetic duration who had more central macular tickness and less best-corrected visual acuity in the beginning of the study had better response to interventions. More investigations showed using different treatments lead to different results on diabetic macular edema.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_13374_05d341cd809694e4e44660c97c11e8e4.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75952912720110321Efficacy of Simethicone in Preparation Prior to Upper Gastrointestinal En-doscopyEfficacy of Simethicone in Preparation Prior to Upper Gastrointestinal En-doscopy9510113375FAMajidAhsanMedical Students Research committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Poursina Hakim Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran.LeilaBabaeiMedical Students Research committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.AliGholamrezaeiMedical Students Research committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Poursina Hakim Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran.Mohammad HassanEmamiAssociate Professor, Department of Gastroenterology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Poursina Hakim Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran.0000-0001-5868-0182Journal Article20110213Background: The presence of foam/bubbles in stomach and duodenum is a common problem during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) that interferes with precise evaluation of the mucosa. We evaluated the effectiveness of simethicone in reducing foam/bubbles in stomach and duodenum, endoscopy duration, and patient satisfaction.Methods: This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on candidates for elective EGD referring to Poursina Hakim Clinic, Isfahan (Iran). Participants received 40 mg chewable tablet of simethicone or placebo, with 30 ml water, 15-30 minutes before the EGD. Foam/bubbles during endoscopy were assessed and graded by a single endoscopist from 0 to 3 and the endoscopy duration was recorded. Patient’s satisfaction was scored from 0 to 10.Finding: During the study, 90 and 83 patients were entered into the simethicone and placebo groups, respectively. Degree of foam/bubbles was significantly less in simethicone compared to placebo group (P = 0.002). No difference was found between the two groups in foam/bubbles of duodenum (P > 0.05). Duration of endoscopy was, on average, one minute shorter in simethicone compared with placebo group (P < 0.001). Patient’s satisfaction was similar between the two groups. No adverse effect was observed from simethicone.Conclusion: Simethicone before EGD significantly reduce the foam/bubbles in stomach and provide better visibility for evaluating the mucosa, and also decrease the duration of endoscopy. Accordingly, routine administration of simethicone for preparation before EGD is recommended. Background: The presence of foam/bubbles in stomach and duodenum is a common problem during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) that interferes with precise evaluation of the mucosa. We evaluated the effectiveness of simethicone in reducing foam/bubbles in stomach and duodenum, endoscopy duration, and patient satisfaction.Methods: This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on candidates for elective EGD referring to Poursina Hakim Clinic, Isfahan (Iran). Participants received 40 mg chewable tablet of simethicone or placebo, with 30 ml water, 15-30 minutes before the EGD. Foam/bubbles during endoscopy were assessed and graded by a single endoscopist from 0 to 3 and the endoscopy duration was recorded. Patient’s satisfaction was scored from 0 to 10.Finding: During the study, 90 and 83 patients were entered into the simethicone and placebo groups, respectively. Degree of foam/bubbles was significantly less in simethicone compared to placebo group (P = 0.002). No difference was found between the two groups in foam/bubbles of duodenum (P > 0.05). Duration of endoscopy was, on average, one minute shorter in simethicone compared with placebo group (P < 0.001). Patient’s satisfaction was similar between the two groups. No adverse effect was observed from simethicone.Conclusion: Simethicone before EGD significantly reduce the foam/bubbles in stomach and provide better visibility for evaluating the mucosa, and also decrease the duration of endoscopy. Accordingly, routine administration of simethicone for preparation before EGD is recommended. https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_13375_1ca4dffd6cb96dfe66f1a044d3bb7cfb.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75952912720110321Myocardial Infarction and DepressionMyocardial Infarction and Depression10211413371FAHamidSaneeiAssociate Professor, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.AliBaghbanianAssistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,Iran.0000-0002-4656-4747Journal Article20101122Background: Depressive symptoms are common among post myocardial infarction (MI) patients and may cause negative impacts on cardiac prognosis. 35 to 45% of MI patients report depression. Depression is an independent risk factor for MI and post MI mortality and decreased quality of life in post MI patients.The link between depression and MI is bidirectional. Behavioral and biological mechanisms were proposed as the plausible mechanisms between post-MI depression and increased risk of mortality. Biological mechanisms include arrhythmias, hemostasis, immunological pathway, neuroendocrinological mechanism and increased thrombosis. The combination of these mechanisms is likely to involve in increasing the risk of mortality.Epidemiological studies have shown the link between depression and increased risk for development of cardiovascular disease, MI and cardiac mortality. The adverse impact of depression on prognosis of heart disease is preventable with the right treatment. A number of therapeutic approaches have been advocated for post-MI depression, including cardiac rehabilitation, social support, cognitive behavior therapy, and antidepressants. Because of adverse effects, it is recommended to avoid prescription of tricyclics for treating post MI depression. If SSRIs are prescribed shortly after MI the important side effects caused by them will be low. Background: Depressive symptoms are common among post myocardial infarction (MI) patients and may cause negative impacts on cardiac prognosis. 35 to 45% of MI patients report depression. Depression is an independent risk factor for MI and post MI mortality and decreased quality of life in post MI patients.The link between depression and MI is bidirectional. Behavioral and biological mechanisms were proposed as the plausible mechanisms between post-MI depression and increased risk of mortality. Biological mechanisms include arrhythmias, hemostasis, immunological pathway, neuroendocrinological mechanism and increased thrombosis. The combination of these mechanisms is likely to involve in increasing the risk of mortality.Epidemiological studies have shown the link between depression and increased risk for development of cardiovascular disease, MI and cardiac mortality. The adverse impact of depression on prognosis of heart disease is preventable with the right treatment. A number of therapeutic approaches have been advocated for post-MI depression, including cardiac rehabilitation, social support, cognitive behavior therapy, and antidepressants. Because of adverse effects, it is recommended to avoid prescription of tricyclics for treating post MI depression. If SSRIs are prescribed shortly after MI the important side effects caused by them will be low. https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_13371_234f161759ed410f2b27b505e28b63f4.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75952912720110321How to Improve Webometric Ranks of Iranian Medical UniversitiesHow to Improve Webometric Ranks of Iranian Medical Universities11512513372FAFarzanehAminpourPhD Student of Health Information Management, Medical Education Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan and School of Management and Medical Information Science, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20110314Background: The websites of universities by introducing the missions, faculties, departments, courses, educational levels, research and educational facilities, faculty members, students and alumni to the World Wide Web are of great importance. Nowadays webometric ranking of universities is as important as the academic ranking of universities. Webometric ranking of universities reflects the overall web performance of the universities. Analyzing the researches on Iranian academic websites shows many deficiencies in the websites of the Iranian medical universities. These problems are the main causes of low webometric ranks of Iranian medical universities in the "Ranking Web of World Universities". The current study reviews the previous studies on the academic websites of Iran and other countries and suggests several ideas for improving the websites of Iranian medical universities focusing on the structure and content according to the webometric indicators of "Ranking Web of World Universities". The suggested ideas would improve Iranian medical universities ranks in the international level and also affect the major national policies of information management. Background: The websites of universities by introducing the missions, faculties, departments, courses, educational levels, research and educational facilities, faculty members, students and alumni to the World Wide Web are of great importance. Nowadays webometric ranking of universities is as important as the academic ranking of universities. Webometric ranking of universities reflects the overall web performance of the universities. Analyzing the researches on Iranian academic websites shows many deficiencies in the websites of the Iranian medical universities. These problems are the main causes of low webometric ranks of Iranian medical universities in the "Ranking Web of World Universities". The current study reviews the previous studies on the academic websites of Iran and other countries and suggests several ideas for improving the websites of Iranian medical universities focusing on the structure and content according to the webometric indicators of "Ranking Web of World Universities". The suggested ideas would improve Iranian medical universities ranks in the international level and also affect the major national policies of information management. https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_13372_4251c47fdf0b43ddd1e5bf28bc6f3dba.pdf