Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Isfahan Medical School 1027-7595 30 199 2012 09 22 The Relationship of Dysfunctional Elimination Syndrome in Children and Time of Delivery, Kind of Delivery, and Parents' Separation The Relationship of Dysfunctional Elimination Syndrome in Children and Time of Delivery, Kind of Delivery, and Parents' Separation 13851 FA Yahya Madihi ‌ Mahboobeh Aghanoory Student of Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Journal Article 2011 03 07 Background: Most children learn to control urination and defecation at 3-5 years of age. However, this age can be influenced by several factors. Voiding dysfunction in children encompasses a wide spectrum of clinical entities which have recently been classified collectively as dysfunctional elimination syndrome (DES). The aim of this study was to identify some factors which may be associated with DES in children. Methods: We assessed 544 children (272 girls and 272 boys) who aged 7-10 years old (median age: 8.68 ± 1.48 years). The children were randomly selected from 10 elementary schools. All children and parents were requested to fill out the Pediatric Lower Urinary Tract Scoring System (PLUTSS) and a demographic questionnaire related to symptoms of DES and some other factors. After identifying children with DES, statistical analyses based on demographic characteristics were performed. Findings: Neither time nor kind of delivery was associated with DES in children. Moreover, DES was not related with how parents lived (together or separate). Conclusion: DES was not related with time or kind of delivery or parents' separation. Keywords: Dysfunctional elimination syndrome, Voiding dysfunction, Term, Preterm, Normal delivery, Cesarean Background: Most children learn to control urination and defecation at 3-5 years of age. However, this age can be influenced by several factors. Voiding dysfunction in children encompasses a wide spectrum of clinical entities which have recently been classified collectively as dysfunctional elimination syndrome (DES). The aim of this study was to identify some factors which may be associated with DES in children. Methods: We assessed 544 children (272 girls and 272 boys) who aged 7-10 years old (median age: 8.68 ± 1.48 years). The children were randomly selected from 10 elementary schools. All children and parents were requested to fill out the Pediatric Lower Urinary Tract Scoring System (PLUTSS) and a demographic questionnaire related to symptoms of DES and some other factors. After identifying children with DES, statistical analyses based on demographic characteristics were performed. Findings: Neither time nor kind of delivery was associated with DES in children. Moreover, DES was not related with how parents lived (together or separate). Conclusion: DES was not related with time or kind of delivery or parents' separation. Keywords: Dysfunctional elimination syndrome, Voiding dysfunction, Term, Preterm, Normal delivery, Cesarean https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_13851_4d419d5b4274ea8faaf4f37410b97bd6.pdf

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Isfahan Medical School 1027-7595 30 199 2012 09 22 Seroprevalence of Hepatitis A Virus in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B or C in Isfahan Province, Iran Seroprevalence of Hepatitis A Virus in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B or C in Isfahan Province, Iran 13853 FA Parisa Shoaei Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Laleh Zeidabadinejad Infectious Disease Specialist, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Behrooz Ataei Associate Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine AND Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 0000-0003-4528-1718 Anahita Babak Community and Preventive Medicine Specialist, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 0000-0003-4397-3286 Zary Nokhodian Research Assistant, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 0000-0002-8399-7349 Majid Yaran Technical Manager, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Maryam Foroughifar Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Nazila Kassaian Research Assistant, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Journal Article 2011 08 09 Background: A number of researchers have suggested that the clinical course of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is more severe in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). However, there is not adequate information about the seroprevalence and risk factors of HAV in the population with chronic hepatitis B or C infection in Isfahan, Iran. Methods: We studied 168 patients with chronic hepatitis B or C between spring 2007 and spring 2009. Patients were stratified based on age, gender, family size, intravenous drug abuse, education, and genotype of hepatitis C. Independent predictors of HAV were identified by logistic regression analysis. Findings: Of 168 patients, 162 persons (96.4%) were HAV seropositive. We found a significant relation between genotypes of hepatitis C and HAV seropositivity (P < 0.001). Other risk factors were not identified as independent predictors. Conclusion: Considering the high seroprevalence of HAV in patients with hepatitis B or hepatitis C, general vaccination against HAV is not necessary. Further studies should be conducted to draw a firm decision on vaccination of seronegative patients. Keywords: Hepatitis A virus, Chronic liver disease, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, Patients Background: A number of researchers have suggested that the clinical course of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is more severe in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). However, there is not adequate information about the seroprevalence and risk factors of HAV in the population with chronic hepatitis B or C infection in Isfahan, Iran. Methods: We studied 168 patients with chronic hepatitis B or C between spring 2007 and spring 2009. Patients were stratified based on age, gender, family size, intravenous drug abuse, education, and genotype of hepatitis C. Independent predictors of HAV were identified by logistic regression analysis. Findings: Of 168 patients, 162 persons (96.4%) were HAV seropositive. We found a significant relation between genotypes of hepatitis C and HAV seropositivity (P < 0.001). Other risk factors were not identified as independent predictors. Conclusion: Considering the high seroprevalence of HAV in patients with hepatitis B or hepatitis C, general vaccination against HAV is not necessary. Further studies should be conducted to draw a firm decision on vaccination of seronegative patients. Keywords: Hepatitis A virus, Chronic liver disease, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, Patients https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_13853_807fd505578df62fdfc87fad88d8e0dd.pdf

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Isfahan Medical School 1027-7595 30 199 2012 09 22 Investigating the Contribution of BK Channel in the Firing Activity of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells Using Computer Simulation Investigating the Contribution of BK Channel in the Firing Activity of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells Using Computer Simulation 13854 FA Samira Abbasi MSc Student, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran Amin Mahnam Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran Mehdi Edrisi Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran Mahyar Janahmadi Professor, Neuroscience Research Center AND Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2012 01 09 Background: BK channels are highly conductive calcium (Ca2+)-activated potassium (K+) channels. These channels are available on the membrane of many types of neurons including cerebellar Purkinje cells. Several experimental studies have used iberiotoxin, a BK-specific channel blocker, to investigate the role of BK channels on electrophysiological behavior of Purkinje cells. Due to controversial results of mentioned research, we used computer simulation to assess the functional contribution of BK channels to the firing activity of Purkinje cells. Methods: Two realistic models of Purkinje cells with and without dendritic branches were used to investigate the functional contribution of BK channel to the firing activity of Purkinje cells. The simulations were performed in NEURON 7.1 simulator. Findings: The simulations using single compartment model (without dendritic branches) demonstrated that blocking BK channels slightly increased firing rate from 40 to 45 Hz. Simulation with the multi-compartmental model, which included the dendrites as well as the soma, showed that blocking BK channels abolished Ca2+ spikes while sodium (Na+) spikes remained unchanged. Conclusion: The results obtained from simulations indicated that blocking BK channels has no significant effect on the tonic firing rate of Purkinje cells. Simulations also showed that dendritic BK channels have more effect on firing behavior of Purkinje cells compared with somatic BK channels. Keywords: Purkinje cell, Calcium-activated potassium channel, Spike potential Background: BK channels are highly conductive calcium (Ca2+)-activated potassium (K+) channels. These channels are available on the membrane of many types of neurons including cerebellar Purkinje cells. Several experimental studies have used iberiotoxin, a BK-specific channel blocker, to investigate the role of BK channels on electrophysiological behavior of Purkinje cells. Due to controversial results of mentioned research, we used computer simulation to assess the functional contribution of BK channels to the firing activity of Purkinje cells. Methods: Two realistic models of Purkinje cells with and without dendritic branches were used to investigate the functional contribution of BK channel to the firing activity of Purkinje cells. The simulations were performed in NEURON 7.1 simulator. Findings: The simulations using single compartment model (without dendritic branches) demonstrated that blocking BK channels slightly increased firing rate from 40 to 45 Hz. Simulation with the multi-compartmental model, which included the dendrites as well as the soma, showed that blocking BK channels abolished Ca2+ spikes while sodium (Na+) spikes remained unchanged. Conclusion: The results obtained from simulations indicated that blocking BK channels has no significant effect on the tonic firing rate of Purkinje cells. Simulations also showed that dendritic BK channels have more effect on firing behavior of Purkinje cells compared with somatic BK channels. Keywords: Purkinje cell, Calcium-activated potassium channel, Spike potential https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_13854_bfb26b513b7a640448c79c3bdd6d2bb0.pdf

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Isfahan Medical School 1027-7595 30 199 2012 09 22 Investigating the Contribution of BK Channel in the Firing Activity of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells Using Computer Simulation Investigating the Contribution of BK Channel in the Firing Activity of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells Using Computer Simulation 13855 FA Hassan Zolfeghar Didani Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Mehdi Kargarfard Associate Professor, Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran 0000-0002-9205-799X Vahid Karim Azad Marjani Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran Journal Article 2012 06 15 Background: BK channels are highly conductive calcium (Ca2+)-activated potassium (K+) channels. These channels are available on the membrane of many types of neurons including cerebellar Purkinje cells. Several experimental studies have used iberiotoxin, a BK-specific channel blocker, to investigate the role of BK channels on electrophysiological behavior of Purkinje cells. Due to controversial results of mentioned research, we used computer simulation to assess the functional contribution of BK channels to the firing activity of Purkinje cells.Methods: Two realistic models of Purkinje cells with and without dendritic branches were used to investigate the functional contribution of BK channel to the firing activity of Purkinje cells. The simulations were performed in NEURON 7.1 simulator.Findings: The simulations using single compartment model (without dendritic branches) demonstrated that blocking BK channels slightly increased firing rate from 40 to 45 Hz. Simulation with the multi-compartmental model, which included the dendrites as well as the soma, showed that blocking BK channels abolished Ca2+ spikes while sodium (Na+) spikes remained unchanged.Conclusion: The results obtained from simulations indicated that blocking BK channels has no significant effect on the tonic firing rate of Purkinje cells. Simulations also showed that dendritic BK channels have more effect on firing behavior of Purkinje cells compared with somatic BK channels.Keywords: Purkinje cell, Calcium-activated potassium channel, Spike potential Background: BK channels are highly conductive calcium (Ca2+)-activated potassium (K+) channels. These channels are available on the membrane of many types of neurons including cerebellar Purkinje cells. Several experimental studies have used iberiotoxin, a BK-specific channel blocker, to investigate the role of BK channels on electrophysiological behavior of Purkinje cells. Due to controversial results of mentioned research, we used computer simulation to assess the functional contribution of BK channels to the firing activity of Purkinje cells.Methods: Two realistic models of Purkinje cells with and without dendritic branches were used to investigate the functional contribution of BK channel to the firing activity of Purkinje cells. The simulations were performed in NEURON 7.1 simulator.Findings: The simulations using single compartment model (without dendritic branches) demonstrated that blocking BK channels slightly increased firing rate from 40 to 45 Hz. Simulation with the multi-compartmental model, which included the dendrites as well as the soma, showed that blocking BK channels abolished Ca2+ spikes while sodium (Na+) spikes remained unchanged.Conclusion: The results obtained from simulations indicated that blocking BK channels has no significant effect on the tonic firing rate of Purkinje cells. Simulations also showed that dendritic BK channels have more effect on firing behavior of Purkinje cells compared with somatic BK channels.Keywords: Purkinje cell, Calcium-activated potassium channel, Spike potential https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_13855_32f84b597629f37d9ef53d714fce6fa1.pdf

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Isfahan Medical School 1027-7595 30 199 2012 09 22 Effects of Dietary Patterns, Weight Loss Diets, and Dietary Components on Serum Adiponectin Levels Effects of Dietary Patterns, Weight Loss Diets, and Dietary Components on Serum Adiponectin Levels 13852 FA Vajihe Izadi MSc Student, Food Security Research Center AND Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences AND Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Leila Azadbakht Associate Professor, Food Security Research Center AND Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Journal Article 2012 03 10 Background: Adiponectin, an adipocytokine secreted by adipose tissue, is negatively related with body fat mass. It plays an important role in insulin sensitivity and improvement of lipid profile, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammation. We aimed to review the evidence of the correlation between dietary patterns, low-calorie diets, and dietary components on adiponectin levels. Methods: We used PubMed search engine to articles which were published during 2002-12 and contained the following keywords: dietary patterns, low calorie diets, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, dietary protein, dietary fat, and adiponectin. After search, 45 articles with cross-sectional, clinical trial, prospective, and experimental designs were recruited and reviewed. Findings: Adherence to healthy dietary patterns, such as Mediterranean dietary pattern, showed a positive relation with adiponectin level. Long-term low-calorie diet with at least 10% weight loss can improve the level of hormone. Likewise, consumption of omega-3 fatty acids had a significantly positively associated with adiponectin concentration. On the other hand, high-fat diets were potentially negatively correlated with the level of hormone. Although few investigations about dietary proteins and adiponectin were available, intake of millet, egg, and soy proteins were found to enhance the level of this hormone. Conclusion: Serum adiponectin level is positively related with several components of healthy dietary pattern, weight loss diet, and intake of omega-3 sources and dietary proteins such as egg, millet, and soy. It is negatively correlated with high fat diets. Keywords: Dietary pattern, Weight loss, Dietary components, Dietary carbohydrate, Serum adiponectin level Background: Adiponectin, an adipocytokine secreted by adipose tissue, is negatively related with body fat mass. It plays an important role in insulin sensitivity and improvement of lipid profile, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammation. We aimed to review the evidence of the correlation between dietary patterns, low-calorie diets, and dietary components on adiponectin levels. Methods: We used PubMed search engine to articles which were published during 2002-12 and contained the following keywords: dietary patterns, low calorie diets, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, dietary protein, dietary fat, and adiponectin. After search, 45 articles with cross-sectional, clinical trial, prospective, and experimental designs were recruited and reviewed. Findings: Adherence to healthy dietary patterns, such as Mediterranean dietary pattern, showed a positive relation with adiponectin level. Long-term low-calorie diet with at least 10% weight loss can improve the level of hormone. Likewise, consumption of omega-3 fatty acids had a significantly positively associated with adiponectin concentration. On the other hand, high-fat diets were potentially negatively correlated with the level of hormone. Although few investigations about dietary proteins and adiponectin were available, intake of millet, egg, and soy proteins were found to enhance the level of this hormone. Conclusion: Serum adiponectin level is positively related with several components of healthy dietary pattern, weight loss diet, and intake of omega-3 sources and dietary proteins such as egg, millet, and soy. It is negatively correlated with high fat diets. Keywords: Dietary pattern, Weight loss, Dietary components, Dietary carbohydrate, Serum adiponectin level https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_13852_7f64f0cab28dde6781f430fccf09f3d2.pdf