Isfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953125320131023Comparing the Quality of Topical Anesthesia with Warmed or Cold Tetracaine in Cataract SurgeryComparing the Quality of Topical Anesthesia with Warmed or Cold Tetracaine in Cataract Surgery1481148814153FAMahmoudSaghaeiProfessor, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, School of Medicine AND Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-8766-8139LeylaJamaliStudent of Medicine, School of Medicine AND Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranAlirezaDehghanAssociate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranHasaanaliSoltaniProfessor, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, School of Medicine AND Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranKamranMontazeriProfessor, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, School of Medicine AND Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranJournal Article20130716Background: Topical anesthesia in cataract surgery have several benefits compared with other methods of anesthesia; but there are not any studies aimed to assess the temperature of drug used for topical anesthesia. One of the most prevalent used drugs is tetracaine. The aim of this study was determining the quality of topical anesthesia with warmed or cold tetracaine in cataract surgery.Methods: This clinical trial study was done in Feyz hospital, Isfahan, Iran, in 2012. The target population was patients underwent cataract surgery with topical anesthesia. 60 patients with inclusion criteria were selected and randomly divided in two groups. In the first group warmed tatracaine and in the second one cold tetracaine were used. All data such as demographic and clinical findings, as well as side effects, such as pain, urticaria…, and patients satisfaction were recorded in a researcher-made questionnaire. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS software.Findings: According to t-test, the pain during surgery in cold (0.70 ± 0.23) and warm (0.27 ± 0.10) tetracaine was not statistically difference between the groups (P = 0.09). The postoperative pain was not statistically difference between the cold (1.13 ± 0.32) and warm 1.00 ± 0.27) tetracaine groups, too (P = 0.75).Conclusion: According to results of this study, using warmed tetracane have a positive effect for decrease of postoperative pain and increase of patients satisfaction; so, using warmed tetracaine to 40 C<sup>0 was benefit for patients.Background: Topical anesthesia in cataract surgery have several benefits compared with other methods of anesthesia; but there are not any studies aimed to assess the temperature of drug used for topical anesthesia. One of the most prevalent used drugs is tetracaine. The aim of this study was determining the quality of topical anesthesia with warmed or cold tetracaine in cataract surgery.Methods: This clinical trial study was done in Feyz hospital, Isfahan, Iran, in 2012. The target population was patients underwent cataract surgery with topical anesthesia. 60 patients with inclusion criteria were selected and randomly divided in two groups. In the first group warmed tatracaine and in the second one cold tetracaine were used. All data such as demographic and clinical findings, as well as side effects, such as pain, urticaria…, and patients satisfaction were recorded in a researcher-made questionnaire. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS software.Findings: According to t-test, the pain during surgery in cold (0.70 ± 0.23) and warm (0.27 ± 0.10) tetracaine was not statistically difference between the groups (P = 0.09). The postoperative pain was not statistically difference between the cold (1.13 ± 0.32) and warm 1.00 ± 0.27) tetracaine groups, too (P = 0.75).Conclusion: According to results of this study, using warmed tetracane have a positive effect for decrease of postoperative pain and increase of patients satisfaction; so, using warmed tetracaine to 40 C<sup>0 was benefit for patients.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_14153_7515989d1c2f94c0cf8c5e4aefd3d12b.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953125320131023The Trend of Frequency of Acquired Cataract Surgery among Residents of Isfahan, Iran, Admitted in Feiz HospitalThe Trend of Frequency of Acquired Cataract Surgery among Residents of Isfahan, Iran, Admitted in Feiz Hospital1489149614154FAFarhadFazelAssociate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranAtousaJelvaniStudent of Medicine, School of Medicine AND Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranZibaFarajzadeganAssociate Professor, Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-8811-6678Journal Article20130920Background: Cataract is a current disease and the most common cause of decreased vision and blindness in the world. Currently, no other treatment option except surgery is available for cataract. We aimed to study the trend of frequency of acquired cataract surgery and its risk factors among residents of Isfahan, Iran, admitted in Feiz hospital in 5 years.Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive analytic study performed in 2012 on all of the residents of Isfahan had come to Feiz hospital for cataract surgery from 2007 to 2011. The trend of frequency of acquired cataract surgery in 5 years was studied. In addition, 1155 samples were systematically selected from enrolled patients and studied by age, sex, smoking, diabetes and trauma.Findings: 29558 patients, of them 16491 were residents of Isfahan, were studied. 99.08% had acquired cataract. Frequency of acquired cataract surgery among maintains patients have had the constant trend. Among 1155 cases that were studied by age, sex, smoking, diabetes and trauma, 98.4% were 40 years old and elder. 50.3% were women. 20.9% of these patients were diabetics, 14.9% were smoker and 1.8% had history of trauma.Conclusion: According to the results of this investigation, the relative frequency of acquired cataract surgery during 2007 till 2012 had no significant differences but due to a limitation of the study to one center, similar studies need to be performed in other centers. Frequency of trauma and smoking in selected sample group had increasing trend in 5 years. So, we should consider some preparations to decrease the number of trauma (especially caring safety rules in the workplace) and smoking.Background: Cataract is a current disease and the most common cause of decreased vision and blindness in the world. Currently, no other treatment option except surgery is available for cataract. We aimed to study the trend of frequency of acquired cataract surgery and its risk factors among residents of Isfahan, Iran, admitted in Feiz hospital in 5 years.Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive analytic study performed in 2012 on all of the residents of Isfahan had come to Feiz hospital for cataract surgery from 2007 to 2011. The trend of frequency of acquired cataract surgery in 5 years was studied. In addition, 1155 samples were systematically selected from enrolled patients and studied by age, sex, smoking, diabetes and trauma.Findings: 29558 patients, of them 16491 were residents of Isfahan, were studied. 99.08% had acquired cataract. Frequency of acquired cataract surgery among maintains patients have had the constant trend. Among 1155 cases that were studied by age, sex, smoking, diabetes and trauma, 98.4% were 40 years old and elder. 50.3% were women. 20.9% of these patients were diabetics, 14.9% were smoker and 1.8% had history of trauma.Conclusion: According to the results of this investigation, the relative frequency of acquired cataract surgery during 2007 till 2012 had no significant differences but due to a limitation of the study to one center, similar studies need to be performed in other centers. Frequency of trauma and smoking in selected sample group had increasing trend in 5 years. So, we should consider some preparations to decrease the number of trauma (especially caring safety rules in the workplace) and smoking.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_14154_c4d2b56920cedd39cf578dcbc2ba960a.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953125320131023The Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Reservoirs in Northern Baraan Region of Isfahan, IranThe Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Reservoirs in Northern Baraan Region of Isfahan, Iran1497150714155FASedighehSaberiPhD Student, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine AND Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranSeyed HosseinHejaziAssociate Professor, Skin Disease and Leishmaniasis Research Center AND Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranRezaJafariResearcher and Entomologist, Isfahan Health Research Station, National Institute for Health Research, Isfahan, IranMehranBahadoranInstructor, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMojtabaAkbariEpidemiologists, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-5777-9612SimindokhtSoleymanifardPhD Student, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine AND Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranRezaArjmandPhD Student, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine AND Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranParisaAlidadiDepartment of Biology, Payame Noor University, Isfahan, IranKoorosAminianHealth Center No. 1, Deputy of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMohammad-HosseinArandianIsfahan Health Research Station, National Institute for Health Research, IranJournal Article20130109 Background: Repeated referring of patients from North Baraan region especially from two villages (Timiart and Fesaran( to the Isfahan Research Center of Skin Disease and Leishmaniasis and the Isfahan Province Health Center (Iran) and also repeated writings of level unities to the Disease Control Unit of Health Center No, 1 of this area about the increasing number of rodents in the villages was showing that leismaniasis has an epidemiologic condition in this area. There was no study about the genus and species of reservoir rodents in the region. So, in this study we aimed to study the funa of region rodents and the rate of their involvement by leishmaniasis.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on local hunted rodents with Sherman live-traps. Their genus and species were identified using special key references. Samples were taken from animals’ ears, beaks, paws, noses and tails by grinding method for both direct smear and culture in Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle (NNN) medium. Then, they were dissected and two direct smears from the liver and spleen of each one were prepared. The slides underwent direct microscopic exam after Giemsa staining to detect amastigote form of parasites.Findings: Among the total of 53 rodents, Rhombomys opimus comprised 38 (71.7%) and the remaining 15 (28.3%) were Meriones libycus. The rate of infection of Rhombomys opimus was (18.4%) and of Meriones libycus was (13.3%).Conclusion: The results suggested that Rhombomys opimus was the principal reservoir of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Meriones libycus was the second host in this area. Background: Repeated referring of patients from North Baraan region especially from two villages (Timiart and Fesaran( to the Isfahan Research Center of Skin Disease and Leishmaniasis and the Isfahan Province Health Center (Iran) and also repeated writings of level unities to the Disease Control Unit of Health Center No, 1 of this area about the increasing number of rodents in the villages was showing that leismaniasis has an epidemiologic condition in this area. There was no study about the genus and species of reservoir rodents in the region. So, in this study we aimed to study the funa of region rodents and the rate of their involvement by leishmaniasis.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on local hunted rodents with Sherman live-traps. Their genus and species were identified using special key references. Samples were taken from animals’ ears, beaks, paws, noses and tails by grinding method for both direct smear and culture in Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle (NNN) medium. Then, they were dissected and two direct smears from the liver and spleen of each one were prepared. The slides underwent direct microscopic exam after Giemsa staining to detect amastigote form of parasites.Findings: Among the total of 53 rodents, Rhombomys opimus comprised 38 (71.7%) and the remaining 15 (28.3%) were Meriones libycus. The rate of infection of Rhombomys opimus was (18.4%) and of Meriones libycus was (13.3%).Conclusion: The results suggested that Rhombomys opimus was the principal reservoir of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Meriones libycus was the second host in this area.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_14155_cf5cf27e4a8ed0ea16a917c2eb79eff5.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953125320131023Cytotoxic Evaluation of Different Extracts of Taxus Baccata against MDA–MB–468, HeLa and K562 Cancer Cell LinesCytotoxic Evaluation of Different Extracts of Taxus Baccata against MDA–MB–468, HeLa and K562 Cancer Cell Lines1508151714156FAHojjatSadeghi-AliabadiProfessor, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-7260-0625MahshidAlaviPharm D Student, School of Pharmacy AND Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranGholamrezaAsghariProfessor, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0001-5867-6829MinaMirianDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranJournal Article20130731Background: Taxus baccata is known as a source of anticancer drug called taxol. This study was performed to confirm the consistency of results obtained by extraction of Taxanes by optimal solvent system using biological assessment.Methods: Three cell lines including MDA-MB-468, Hela and K562 were cultured in PRMI-1640 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum. Powder of aerial parts of Taxus baccata was extracted using 8 different solvent by maceration method. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) was used to standardize the extracts according to taxol content. Cytotoxicity of different concentrations of extracts (acetone 20, 50 and 100 %, ethanol 20, 50 and 100%, acetone dichloromethane (1-1), and pure methanol) was evaluated against cultured cells, using MTT assay.Findings: Acetone-dichloromrthane (1-1) then pure acetone extract were the most cytotoxic extracts. Meanwhile, between the three cell lines tested, the highest cytotoxic effect of the extracts was observed on K562 cells.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that among evaluated extracts, more cytotoxic effect wsa in acetone-dichloromethane (1-1) followed by pure acetone extract. Analysis of extracts showed that the highest amount of taxans has been extracted by acetone-dichloromethane or pure acetone solvent system. We can conclude that there is a direct correlation between the cytotoxic effect and amount of taxans.Background: Taxus baccata is known as a source of anticancer drug called taxol. This study was performed to confirm the consistency of results obtained by extraction of Taxanes by optimal solvent system using biological assessment.Methods: Three cell lines including MDA-MB-468, Hela and K562 were cultured in PRMI-1640 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum. Powder of aerial parts of Taxus baccata was extracted using 8 different solvent by maceration method. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) was used to standardize the extracts according to taxol content. Cytotoxicity of different concentrations of extracts (acetone 20, 50 and 100 %, ethanol 20, 50 and 100%, acetone dichloromethane (1-1), and pure methanol) was evaluated against cultured cells, using MTT assay.Findings: Acetone-dichloromrthane (1-1) then pure acetone extract were the most cytotoxic extracts. Meanwhile, between the three cell lines tested, the highest cytotoxic effect of the extracts was observed on K562 cells.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that among evaluated extracts, more cytotoxic effect wsa in acetone-dichloromethane (1-1) followed by pure acetone extract. Analysis of extracts showed that the highest amount of taxans has been extracted by acetone-dichloromethane or pure acetone solvent system. We can conclude that there is a direct correlation between the cytotoxic effect and amount of taxans.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_14156_21bfef81b08fa7988c78190cc68c241c.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953125320131023Hyperuricemia Aggravates IgA NephropathyHyperuricemia Aggravates IgA Nephropathy1518152114157FAMahmoudRafieian-KopaeiProfessor, Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran0000-0003-1673-5741ShaminGhobadiGeneral Practitioner, Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IranHamidNasriProfessor, Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0003-1673-5741Journal Article20130607It is well documented that hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for IgA nephropathy, and appropriate treatment by allopurinol is a reasonable modality in the patients. We believe that, this drug should routinely be included to the treatment of patients with IgA nephropathy. In this regard, to better understand the allopurinol kidney protective properties in IgA nephropathy, clinical studies are suggested.It is well documented that hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for IgA nephropathy, and appropriate treatment by allopurinol is a reasonable modality in the patients. We believe that, this drug should routinely be included to the treatment of patients with IgA nephropathy. In this regard, to better understand the allopurinol kidney protective properties in IgA nephropathy, clinical studies are suggested.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_14157_00bd13095d06c20b11a2993ca419d16b.pdf