Isfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953332220150321IndexIndex14558FAJournal Article20151003Click to download the index of this issue.Click to download the index of this issue.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_14558_2c70bf4df3f4bfe2322ecf7a8803418c.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953332220150321Association of Dietary Pattern and Metabolic Syndrome in 15- to 49-Years-old WomenAssociation of Dietary Pattern and Metabolic Syndrome in 15- to 49-Years-old Women708114561FAHamidrezaBarahimiUrologist, Deputy of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAhmadEsmaeilzadehAssociate Professor, Food Security Research Center AND Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranFarzadehRajaeiShahreza Health Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranAkbarHasanzadehAssistant Professor, Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranOmolbaninKafeshaniPhD Student, Food Security Research Center AND Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, IranJournal Article20140517Background: The term ‘metabolic syndrome” is now used specifically to define a constellation of abnormalities including visceral obesity, insulin resistance, high fasting blood sugar, dyslipidemia and hypertension that are associated with increased risk for the development of fatty liver, asthma, cystic ovary syndrome, gall stone and some cancers. The exact mechanisms of the complex pathways of metabolic syndrome are not yet completely known but genetic factor, metabolic stress and environmental factor, such as diet, are considered. Although individual foods and nutrients have been associated with the metabolic syndrome, whether dietary patterns identified by factor analysis are also associated with this syndrome is not known. We aimed to evaluate the association of major dietary patterns characterized via factor analysis with insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome among women.Methods: Usual dietary intakes were assessed in a cross-sectional study on 280 woman aged 15-49 years. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were performed, and biochemical markers were taken for biomarker assessment and dietary patterns identified via factor analysis.Findings: We identified 2 major dietary patterns, the healthy dietary pattern and the Western dietary pattern. After control for potential confounders, subjects in the highest tertile of healthy dietary pattern scores had a lower odds ratio for the metabolic syndrome (odds ratio: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.26-0.99) and there was not significant difference between the woman in the lowest tertile and women in the highest quintile of Western dietary pattern.Conclusion: Significant associations exist between the healthy dietary patterns identified via factor analysis and the metabolic syndrome.Background: The term ‘metabolic syndrome” is now used specifically to define a constellation of abnormalities including visceral obesity, insulin resistance, high fasting blood sugar, dyslipidemia and hypertension that are associated with increased risk for the development of fatty liver, asthma, cystic ovary syndrome, gall stone and some cancers. The exact mechanisms of the complex pathways of metabolic syndrome are not yet completely known but genetic factor, metabolic stress and environmental factor, such as diet, are considered. Although individual foods and nutrients have been associated with the metabolic syndrome, whether dietary patterns identified by factor analysis are also associated with this syndrome is not known. We aimed to evaluate the association of major dietary patterns characterized via factor analysis with insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome among women.Methods: Usual dietary intakes were assessed in a cross-sectional study on 280 woman aged 15-49 years. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were performed, and biochemical markers were taken for biomarker assessment and dietary patterns identified via factor analysis.Findings: We identified 2 major dietary patterns, the healthy dietary pattern and the Western dietary pattern. After control for potential confounders, subjects in the highest tertile of healthy dietary pattern scores had a lower odds ratio for the metabolic syndrome (odds ratio: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.26-0.99) and there was not significant difference between the woman in the lowest tertile and women in the highest quintile of Western dietary pattern.Conclusion: Significant associations exist between the healthy dietary patterns identified via factor analysis and the metabolic syndrome.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_14561_a90d826cba0c19f753c6273448ccaf0c.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953332220150321Modeling High-Risk Areas for Gastric Cancer in Men and Women, 2005-2009Modeling High-Risk Areas for Gastric Cancer in Men and Women, 2005-2009829214562FAAmirKavousiAssociate Professor, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Health, Safety and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranYousefBashiriDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranYadollahMehrabiProfessor, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranKoroshEtemadAssistant Professor, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20140824Background: Gastric cancer is the first most common cancer in men and third common cancer in women. In this study, we used space-time scan statistics to present geographical distribution model of gastric cancer and to detect high-risk cluster based on the gender.Methods: In this applied study, data reported by Iran cancer registry system broken by province level for the period of 2005-2009 were used. Space-time scan statistics was used to analyze the data and probable clusters were detected using sat scan software. In addition, ArcGIS10 was used to map the distribution of gastric cancer and to found clusters across the country.Findings: The most likely cluster that was significant for men included Ardabil, Guilan, Zanjan, East Azerbaijan, Qazvin, West Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Hamadan, Tehran, and Mazandaran provinces during 2008-2009. For women, most likely cluster included Ardabil, Guilan, Zanjan, Qazvin, West Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Hamadan, Tehran, Mazandaran, Qom, Semnan, and Markazi provinces.Conclusion: This study revealed similar distribution for gastric cancer in men and total population. For female population, the pattern is slightly different. Screening for early detection of gastric cancer in high-risk areas is recommended.Background: Gastric cancer is the first most common cancer in men and third common cancer in women. In this study, we used space-time scan statistics to present geographical distribution model of gastric cancer and to detect high-risk cluster based on the gender.Methods: In this applied study, data reported by Iran cancer registry system broken by province level for the period of 2005-2009 were used. Space-time scan statistics was used to analyze the data and probable clusters were detected using sat scan software. In addition, ArcGIS10 was used to map the distribution of gastric cancer and to found clusters across the country.Findings: The most likely cluster that was significant for men included Ardabil, Guilan, Zanjan, East Azerbaijan, Qazvin, West Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Hamadan, Tehran, and Mazandaran provinces during 2008-2009. For women, most likely cluster included Ardabil, Guilan, Zanjan, Qazvin, West Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Hamadan, Tehran, Mazandaran, Qom, Semnan, and Markazi provinces.Conclusion: This study revealed similar distribution for gastric cancer in men and total population. For female population, the pattern is slightly different. Screening for early detection of gastric cancer in high-risk areas is recommended.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_14562_1772c976b13a8c7b23be3976965dd543.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953332220150321Heterogeneity of Aminoglycoside Resistance Patterns among Fecal Escherichia Coli Strains Isolated from Animal and Human Sources in Alborz Province, IranHeterogeneity of Aminoglycoside Resistance Patterns among Fecal Escherichia Coli Strains Isolated from Animal and Human Sources in Alborz Province, Iran939914563FAHamedMoradiDepartment of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, IranRezaRanjbarProfessor, Moulecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranNaserHarzandiAssistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, IranJournal Article20141008Background: Escherichia coli is recognized as a major food-borne pathogen in humans worldwide. Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolates is a concern that has created widespread problem for treatment of infections caused by this bacterium. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of aminoglycoside resistance among the strains of Escherichia coli isolated from animal and human sources in the Alborz province, Iran.Methods: The strains of Escherichia coli were recovered from keeping animals (dairies, beekeeping and sheep care center) and 2 laboratory facilities in Alborz province. These isolates were identified using standard biochemical and bacteriological tests. Susceptibility and antibiotic resistance of isolates were determined via disk diffusion method.Findings: Eighty isolates of Escherichia coli were isolated and included in the study. The total rates of antibiotic resistance of the isolates were as 72.5% to streptomycin, 13.75% to neomycin, and 6.25% to tobramycin and gentamicin; none of the isolates showed resistance to amikacin. Based on the source of the isolation, resistance rates to streptomycin was 95%, 85%, 65% and 45% in the isolates recovered from human, cow, chicken and sheep, respectively. The resistance rates to neomycin among the strains isolated from cow, sheep and chicken were 5%, 15% and 25%, respectively. Only 25% of the isolates recovered from chicken were resistant to gentamicin and tobramycin.Conclusion: This study showed a diversity of aminoglycoside resistance among isolates of Escherichia coli recovered from different sources. While aminoglycoside resistance of Escherichia coli is varied among different sources of isolation, continuous monitoring of resistance patterns and the use of antibiotic agents according to the sources of isolation is recommended.Background: Escherichia coli is recognized as a major food-borne pathogen in humans worldwide. Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolates is a concern that has created widespread problem for treatment of infections caused by this bacterium. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of aminoglycoside resistance among the strains of Escherichia coli isolated from animal and human sources in the Alborz province, Iran.Methods: The strains of Escherichia coli were recovered from keeping animals (dairies, beekeeping and sheep care center) and 2 laboratory facilities in Alborz province. These isolates were identified using standard biochemical and bacteriological tests. Susceptibility and antibiotic resistance of isolates were determined via disk diffusion method.Findings: Eighty isolates of Escherichia coli were isolated and included in the study. The total rates of antibiotic resistance of the isolates were as 72.5% to streptomycin, 13.75% to neomycin, and 6.25% to tobramycin and gentamicin; none of the isolates showed resistance to amikacin. Based on the source of the isolation, resistance rates to streptomycin was 95%, 85%, 65% and 45% in the isolates recovered from human, cow, chicken and sheep, respectively. The resistance rates to neomycin among the strains isolated from cow, sheep and chicken were 5%, 15% and 25%, respectively. Only 25% of the isolates recovered from chicken were resistant to gentamicin and tobramycin.Conclusion: This study showed a diversity of aminoglycoside resistance among isolates of Escherichia coli recovered from different sources. While aminoglycoside resistance of Escherichia coli is varied among different sources of isolation, continuous monitoring of resistance patterns and the use of antibiotic agents according to the sources of isolation is recommended.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_14563_a4f3e2a65158f75932acafcd57d5142c.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953332220150321The Effects of 12 Weeks of Caloric Restriction with and without Aerobic Exercise Training on Peroxidant and Antioxidants Indicators in Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 DiabetesThe Effects of 12 Weeks of Caloric Restriction with and without Aerobic Exercise Training on Peroxidant and Antioxidants Indicators in Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes10011314559FARakhshanEmadiDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Isfahan, IranSaeedKeshavarzAssistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Isfahan, IranRezaRouzbahaniAssistant Professor, Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranImanMardaniDepartment of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IranJournal Article20141116Background: Obese and sedentary lifestyles are associated with increased oxidative stress. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of 12 weeks of caloric-restricted diet with and without aerobic exercise training on peroxidant and antioxidants indicators in overweight or obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.Methods: In a randomized, controlled trial study, 72 overweight or obese, postmenopausal, sedentary women with type 2 diabetes (age: 53.7 ± 1.2 years and body mass index: 33.9 ± 1.7 kg/m2) were randomized to a diet only group (n = 37) with moderate energy-restricted high-protein diet (include ~5500 kJ/day), or to a diet plus exercise group (n = 35). In addition to the moderate energy-restricted diet program for the planned weight loss of 8-14 kg), subjects in diet only group performed an exercise training program included 30-55 minutes of aerobic exercise, 5 times in week with 50-75% of observed maximal heart rate for 12 weeks. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), body fat (%), cardiorespiratory fitness, peroxidant and antioxidants indicators including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were measured before and after intervention. Repeated measures ANOVA were used for data analysis.Findings: After 12 weeks, significant reductions in body weight, BMI, WHR, body fat (%), MDA levels and significant increases in VO2 peak, SOD and CAT levels were observed in both groups (P < 0.050 for all). However, these changes were different in body weight, BMI and VO2 peak between the two groups (P < 0.050 for all).Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that moderate energy-restricted diet program combined with regular aerobic exercise can improve peroxidant and antioxidant balance in overweight or obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes and can prevent exercise-induced oxidative stress.Background: Obese and sedentary lifestyles are associated with increased oxidative stress. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of 12 weeks of caloric-restricted diet with and without aerobic exercise training on peroxidant and antioxidants indicators in overweight or obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.Methods: In a randomized, controlled trial study, 72 overweight or obese, postmenopausal, sedentary women with type 2 diabetes (age: 53.7 ± 1.2 years and body mass index: 33.9 ± 1.7 kg/m2) were randomized to a diet only group (n = 37) with moderate energy-restricted high-protein diet (include ~5500 kJ/day), or to a diet plus exercise group (n = 35). In addition to the moderate energy-restricted diet program for the planned weight loss of 8-14 kg), subjects in diet only group performed an exercise training program included 30-55 minutes of aerobic exercise, 5 times in week with 50-75% of observed maximal heart rate for 12 weeks. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), body fat (%), cardiorespiratory fitness, peroxidant and antioxidants indicators including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were measured before and after intervention. Repeated measures ANOVA were used for data analysis.Findings: After 12 weeks, significant reductions in body weight, BMI, WHR, body fat (%), MDA levels and significant increases in VO2 peak, SOD and CAT levels were observed in both groups (P < 0.050 for all). However, these changes were different in body weight, BMI and VO2 peak between the two groups (P < 0.050 for all).Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that moderate energy-restricted diet program combined with regular aerobic exercise can improve peroxidant and antioxidant balance in overweight or obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes and can prevent exercise-induced oxidative stress.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_14559_8cb9014a886acf4a5e33c252fa396512.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953332220150321The Mortality Rate of Aluminum Phosphide Poisoning; A Comparison with Other Poisonings Recorded in Mazandaran Department of Forensic Medicine, Iran, 2009-2011The Mortality Rate of Aluminum Phosphide Poisoning; A Comparison with Other Poisonings Recorded in Mazandaran Department of Forensic Medicine, Iran, 2009-201111412414560FAMohammadShokrzadehAssociate Professor, Pharmaceutical Research Center AND Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranAhadAlizadehPhD Student, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranFarzanehVeisiMSc Student, Department of Health Environment, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranNafisehNasri-NasrabadiMSc Student, Department of Toxicology, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranJournal Article20140521Background: Aluminum phosphide (ALP) with molecular formula is dark gray and/or in shape of yellow crystals. Aluminum phosphide is used to prevent pests in rice storage and remove the pests from other stored crops as well as prevent pests in cattle’s food and tobacco. Toxicity by rice tablet (aluminum phosphide) is one of the most common toxicities, especially in northern provinces of Iran. Since, there was no information on the prevalence of aluminum phosphide poisoning in Mazandaran, this study aimed to investigate this prevalence and compare it with other poisonings recorded in Mazandaran Department of Forensic Medicine, from 2009 to 2011.Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the required data were collected from Forensic Medicine Organization of Mazandaran province. Moreover, studying the reports of anatomy and documents of dead during 3 years, the data including age, sex, job, and the reason of toxicities were collected. The chi-square statistical test was used for data analysis and investigation of the relations among the variables.Findings: 239 people of 2446 died during 3 years; 42 cases (17.8%) died because of the toxicity of rice tablet (aluminum phosphide). In men, the toxication was 1.6 times more than that of women. The death was frequently occurred for the ages of 21 to 30 years and in groups of free jobs and housework women. The mortality was frequently observed in married people. The most of the toxicities people were observed in cities of the center of province.Conclusion: The toxicity by aluminum phosphide is very common. The organs are damaged by this poison and then die occur, because of the high mortality due to toxicity of rice tablet and lack of especial antitoxin. The best method of treatment is prevention.Background: Aluminum phosphide (ALP) with molecular formula is dark gray and/or in shape of yellow crystals. Aluminum phosphide is used to prevent pests in rice storage and remove the pests from other stored crops as well as prevent pests in cattle’s food and tobacco. Toxicity by rice tablet (aluminum phosphide) is one of the most common toxicities, especially in northern provinces of Iran. Since, there was no information on the prevalence of aluminum phosphide poisoning in Mazandaran, this study aimed to investigate this prevalence and compare it with other poisonings recorded in Mazandaran Department of Forensic Medicine, from 2009 to 2011.Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the required data were collected from Forensic Medicine Organization of Mazandaran province. Moreover, studying the reports of anatomy and documents of dead during 3 years, the data including age, sex, job, and the reason of toxicities were collected. The chi-square statistical test was used for data analysis and investigation of the relations among the variables.Findings: 239 people of 2446 died during 3 years; 42 cases (17.8%) died because of the toxicity of rice tablet (aluminum phosphide). In men, the toxication was 1.6 times more than that of women. The death was frequently occurred for the ages of 21 to 30 years and in groups of free jobs and housework women. The mortality was frequently observed in married people. The most of the toxicities people were observed in cities of the center of province.Conclusion: The toxicity by aluminum phosphide is very common. The organs are damaged by this poison and then die occur, because of the high mortality due to toxicity of rice tablet and lack of especial antitoxin. The best method of treatment is prevention.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_14560_389044eeec2af6efde63f976f80a8c1f.pdf