Isfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953333320150622IndexIndex14624FAJournal Article20151006Click to download the index of this issue.Click to download the index of this issue.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_14624_b95589ace5256d2cc7a706bbe4ab9f13.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953333320150622Design and Fabrication of a Four-Dimentional Respiratory Phantom for Studying Tumor Movement in Radiotherapy with Magnetic Resonance ImagingDesign and Fabrication of a Four-Dimentional Respiratory Phantom for Studying Tumor Movement in Radiotherapy with Magnetic Resonance Imaging63164214625FAZahraAkmaliMSc Student, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine AND Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranDaryoushShahbazi-GahroueiProfessor, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-8538-1898Mohammad AminMosleh-ShiraziAssociate Professor, Medical Imaging Research Center AND Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranMiladBaradaran-GhahfarokhiPhD Student, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranNaderFallahianPhD Student, Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, IranSadeghSherkatDepartment of Mechanical Construction, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Isfahan, IranJournal Article20150201Background: In radiation therapy, determining the location of the tumor accurately is one of the most important requirements. But, lung tumors due to respiratory motion during radiotherapy are not fixed in a single location and move. Due to limitations in assessing such movements, using a lung phantom can be useful and operational in fast, easy and inexpensive assessment of such movements. The aim of this study was to design and build a four-dimensional respiratory phantom for studying tumor movement in radiation therapy.Methods: By molding the normal human lung, artificial lung was made of silicon. The chest was made of plexiglas and a double-walled container. The wall was filled with water to increase the signal strength of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). A 1.5-liter thin bag of silicon was made as the synthetic diaphragm and was placed into the chest. A piston pump was used to simulate the breathing and an engine and gearbox were used to create the reciprocating motion. Finally, the silicon lung model, capable of simulating the natural movement of the human lung was built with 7 tumors in it.Findings: The four-dimensional phantom lung was designed and constructed for examining the tumor motion during radiotherapy while breathing, according to the images obtained from the lung for examining the motion and the types of movements of the lung.Conclusion: It can be declared that this artificial lung (phantom), unlike the previously designed ones, is largely similar to human lungs and can be a useful tool for quality control of the imagine devices and the new protocols of radiotherapy.Background: In radiation therapy, determining the location of the tumor accurately is one of the most important requirements. But, lung tumors due to respiratory motion during radiotherapy are not fixed in a single location and move. Due to limitations in assessing such movements, using a lung phantom can be useful and operational in fast, easy and inexpensive assessment of such movements. The aim of this study was to design and build a four-dimensional respiratory phantom for studying tumor movement in radiation therapy.Methods: By molding the normal human lung, artificial lung was made of silicon. The chest was made of plexiglas and a double-walled container. The wall was filled with water to increase the signal strength of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). A 1.5-liter thin bag of silicon was made as the synthetic diaphragm and was placed into the chest. A piston pump was used to simulate the breathing and an engine and gearbox were used to create the reciprocating motion. Finally, the silicon lung model, capable of simulating the natural movement of the human lung was built with 7 tumors in it.Findings: The four-dimensional phantom lung was designed and constructed for examining the tumor motion during radiotherapy while breathing, according to the images obtained from the lung for examining the motion and the types of movements of the lung.Conclusion: It can be declared that this artificial lung (phantom), unlike the previously designed ones, is largely similar to human lungs and can be a useful tool for quality control of the imagine devices and the new protocols of radiotherapy.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_14625_977a265611c4dcd4fb5f47801d97b9a7.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953333320150622Investigating the Relation of Drug Abusing and Oral Health in AddictsInvestigating the Relation of Drug Abusing and Oral Health in Addicts64365214626FAZahraSaied-MoallemiAssistant Professor, Torabi Nejad Dental Research Center, Department of Oral Public Health, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranAzamTaheriGeneral Dentist, MPH Student, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranHosseinHatamiProfessor, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20150306Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of drug abusing and oral health in addicts referred to methadone treatment centers in Khomeini Shahr city, Isfahan, Iran, in 2014.Methods: 120 drug-addicted individuals at the age of 20 to 55 years and 120 non-addicted controls were selected randomly. A 3-part standard questionnaire and a clinical questionnaire were completed for drug users. The DMFT (Decayed, missing and filled teeth) index was calculated for both groups and the results were compared. Ethical approval was obtained from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The verbal consent was obtained from participants prior to the study.Findings: The mean obtained DMFT was 15.8 and 12.0 in addicts and non-addicts groups, respectively. In addition, 72% of non-addicts had healthy gums while in 97% of addicts, bleeding gums was seen. There was a significant relationship between the type of substance used and the missing teeth (MT) and DMFT indices. It was found that the prevalence of periodontal diseases was significantly higher in drug abusers than non-drug abusers.Conclusion: The results of the study indicate the higher levels of oral diseases among drug abusers than in the normal subjects. Therefore, it is appropriate for public health policy makers to adopt proper programs to prevent people become addicted in different ways, such as raising awareness of the risks of drug abusing on public health and oral health.Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of drug abusing and oral health in addicts referred to methadone treatment centers in Khomeini Shahr city, Isfahan, Iran, in 2014.Methods: 120 drug-addicted individuals at the age of 20 to 55 years and 120 non-addicted controls were selected randomly. A 3-part standard questionnaire and a clinical questionnaire were completed for drug users. The DMFT (Decayed, missing and filled teeth) index was calculated for both groups and the results were compared. Ethical approval was obtained from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The verbal consent was obtained from participants prior to the study.Findings: The mean obtained DMFT was 15.8 and 12.0 in addicts and non-addicts groups, respectively. In addition, 72% of non-addicts had healthy gums while in 97% of addicts, bleeding gums was seen. There was a significant relationship between the type of substance used and the missing teeth (MT) and DMFT indices. It was found that the prevalence of periodontal diseases was significantly higher in drug abusers than non-drug abusers.Conclusion: The results of the study indicate the higher levels of oral diseases among drug abusers than in the normal subjects. Therefore, it is appropriate for public health policy makers to adopt proper programs to prevent people become addicted in different ways, such as raising awareness of the risks of drug abusing on public health and oral health.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_14626_e2521b89f813157a3f50c5c8d0d3086b.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953333320150622Relationship between the Regional Obesity and Bone Density in Postmenopausal Women Assessed via Dual Energy X-ray AbsorptiometeryRelationship between the Regional Obesity and Bone Density in Postmenopausal Women Assessed via Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometery65366114627FAMohammadrezaSalamatAssociate professor, Department of Medical Physic, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-8994-2541GholamrezaDashtiAssociate professor, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMeysamDehghanizadehStudent of Medicine, School of Medicine AND Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranAmirhosseinSalamatIsfahan Osteoporotic Centre, Isfahan, IranJournal Article20150426Background: Osteoporosis is one of the most prevalent diseases in the word with many contributing factors. One of the most controversial factors is obesity. On the other hand, recent studies have indicated that using regional body fat distribution instead of body mass index (BMI) may lead to more accurate information about obesity. So, this study was performed to determine the relationship between the regional fat mass and bone density using dual energy X-ray absorptiometery (DXA) in postmenopausal women.Methods: In a cross sectional study, 76 postmenopausal women meeting the including criteria were selected. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured via dual energy X-ray absorptiometery method. all the quantitative characteristics related to obesity such as total fat mass, total lean mass, and trunk, limb, abdominal and pelvic fat mass were measured using DXA method. The statistical analysis for determining the relation of bone mineral density and regional obesity was done using SPSS software.Findings: The means (± SD) of total fat mass and total lean mass were 35570.3 ± 8858.1 and 36945.0 ± 6228.3 grams, respectively. The means of bone mineral density and T-score of lumbar region were 994.7 ± 152.2 and -1.158 ± 0.915 g/cm2, respectively. The means of bone mineral density and T-score in femoral neck region were 0.77 ± 0.12 and -1.86 ± 1, respectively. According to Pearson correlation test, no relationship was seen between the spinal column bone density and total fat mass. Similarly, no relationship between T-score and total fat mass was observed in this region. The correlation between femoral neck bone mineral density and total fat mass was 0.22 which was not significant. The correlation between T-score and total fat mass was 0.22 in this region which was not statistically significant.Conclusion: According to the results of this study, regional fat mass had no statistically significant protective effects on bone density. Therefore, due to limitations of this study, it is suggested that more comprehensive researches with larger sample size should be performed.Background: Osteoporosis is one of the most prevalent diseases in the word with many contributing factors. One of the most controversial factors is obesity. On the other hand, recent studies have indicated that using regional body fat distribution instead of body mass index (BMI) may lead to more accurate information about obesity. So, this study was performed to determine the relationship between the regional fat mass and bone density using dual energy X-ray absorptiometery (DXA) in postmenopausal women.Methods: In a cross sectional study, 76 postmenopausal women meeting the including criteria were selected. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured via dual energy X-ray absorptiometery method. all the quantitative characteristics related to obesity such as total fat mass, total lean mass, and trunk, limb, abdominal and pelvic fat mass were measured using DXA method. The statistical analysis for determining the relation of bone mineral density and regional obesity was done using SPSS software.Findings: The means (± SD) of total fat mass and total lean mass were 35570.3 ± 8858.1 and 36945.0 ± 6228.3 grams, respectively. The means of bone mineral density and T-score of lumbar region were 994.7 ± 152.2 and -1.158 ± 0.915 g/cm2, respectively. The means of bone mineral density and T-score in femoral neck region were 0.77 ± 0.12 and -1.86 ± 1, respectively. According to Pearson correlation test, no relationship was seen between the spinal column bone density and total fat mass. Similarly, no relationship between T-score and total fat mass was observed in this region. The correlation between femoral neck bone mineral density and total fat mass was 0.22 which was not significant. The correlation between T-score and total fat mass was 0.22 in this region which was not statistically significant.Conclusion: According to the results of this study, regional fat mass had no statistically significant protective effects on bone density. Therefore, due to limitations of this study, it is suggested that more comprehensive researches with larger sample size should be performed.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_14627_7247d70004dfb4ffb60a39768e381097.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953333320150622Predicting Women’s General Health, Self-Concept and Social Phobia Based on Their Spouses’ CharacteristicsPredicting Women’s General Health, Self-Concept and Social Phobia Based on Their Spouses’ Characteristics66266814628FAMarjanMirshamshiriAssistant Professor, Department of Psychology and Education, Payame Noor University, Isfahan, IranMohammad RezaKianmehrMSc Student, Department of Psychology and Education, Payame Noor University AND Research Expert, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranJournal Article20150615Background: The purpose of this study was predicting women’s general health, self-concept and social phobia based on their spouses’ characteristics.Methods: 220 subjects (110 married women and their spouses) from Zarrin Shahr, Isfahan Province, Iran were randomly selected. They answered General Health (GHQ), Beck Self-Concept (BSCT) and Social Phobia (SPIN) questionnaires. On the basis of the descriptive research design, correlation and predicting type, Pearson correlation and regression statistical methods were used.Findings: The degrees of women’s general health, self-concept and social phobia were good predictors for these characters in their spouses.Conclusion: These results indicate that in curative programs for improving married couples’ general health, self-concept and social phobia, we have to consider them coincidentally.Background: The purpose of this study was predicting women’s general health, self-concept and social phobia based on their spouses’ characteristics.Methods: 220 subjects (110 married women and their spouses) from Zarrin Shahr, Isfahan Province, Iran were randomly selected. They answered General Health (GHQ), Beck Self-Concept (BSCT) and Social Phobia (SPIN) questionnaires. On the basis of the descriptive research design, correlation and predicting type, Pearson correlation and regression statistical methods were used.Findings: The degrees of women’s general health, self-concept and social phobia were good predictors for these characters in their spouses.Conclusion: These results indicate that in curative programs for improving married couples’ general health, self-concept and social phobia, we have to consider them coincidentally.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_14628_bf2d393bc9e2e34fd5705f92a5cebe79.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953333320150622Complications of Cholecystectomy with Laparoscopic and Open Methods in Patients with More than 50 Years of AgeComplications of Cholecystectomy with Laparoscopic and Open Methods in Patients with More than 50 Years of Age66967514629FAAli AsgharDarziAssistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranSeyyed RezaModarresAssistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranSeyyed RezaHashemiGeneral Practitioner, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranArshiaYazdaniGeneral Practitioner, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranBahmanFarhangiAssistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranAsgariNoorbaranAssistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranSamiraTahmasbipourClinical Research Development Center, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranNedaAmaniClinical Research Development Center, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranJournal Article20140703Background: Due to less tolerant to surgery stress in elderly patients, their mortality and morbidity rates are high in open abdominal surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare laparoscopic cholecystectomy and laparotomy in patients aged over 50 years.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 50 patients with cholecystitis aged more than 50 years that underwent laparoscopy and laparotomy during 2010 to 2012 in Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Babol, Iran. The demographic data of all patients such as age, length of hospitalization and long-term complications were collected. Data were analyzed using chi-square and t tests and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.Findings: The mean age of the patients was 56.44 ± 5.38 and 62.24 ± 11.45 years in laparoscopy and laparotomy groups, respectively (P < 0.001). The length of hospitalization was 10.00 ± 00.00 and 3.44 ± 1.68 days in laparoscopy and laparotomy groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Long-term postoperative complications were 4% and 12% in laparoscopy and laparotomy group, respectively (P = 0.900).Conclusion: The results of this study showed that laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe and appropriate method as first-line treatment in people over the 50 years of age.Background: Due to less tolerant to surgery stress in elderly patients, their mortality and morbidity rates are high in open abdominal surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare laparoscopic cholecystectomy and laparotomy in patients aged over 50 years.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 50 patients with cholecystitis aged more than 50 years that underwent laparoscopy and laparotomy during 2010 to 2012 in Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Babol, Iran. The demographic data of all patients such as age, length of hospitalization and long-term complications were collected. Data were analyzed using chi-square and t tests and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.Findings: The mean age of the patients was 56.44 ± 5.38 and 62.24 ± 11.45 years in laparoscopy and laparotomy groups, respectively (P < 0.001). The length of hospitalization was 10.00 ± 00.00 and 3.44 ± 1.68 days in laparoscopy and laparotomy groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Long-term postoperative complications were 4% and 12% in laparoscopy and laparotomy group, respectively (P = 0.900).Conclusion: The results of this study showed that laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe and appropriate method as first-line treatment in people over the 50 years of age.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_14629_0c0134e3ab253fc5f690b64d9339ba38.pdf