Isfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953335120151023IndexIndex14732FAJournal Article20151221Click to download the index of this issue.Click to download the index of this issue.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_14732_8f1dd6e7a88b9cf615c146330c591ba9.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953335120151023The Rehospitalization Rates of Low-Birth-Weight Infants in Isfahan Shahid Beheshti Hospital, IranThe Rehospitalization Rates of Low-Birth-Weight Infants in Isfahan Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Iran1547155414733FAAmirmohammadArmanianAssistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMajidMohammadizadehAssistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranRaziehSoleimaniStudent of Medicine, School of Medicine AND Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0003-4771-3641Journal Article20150527Background: Gradually over time, the number of premature deliveries has increased. In these circumstances, many neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) show a tendency towards early discharge due to frequent requests for admission of new premature newborns.Methods: In a descriptive-analytical study, we retrospectively surveyed the premature infants’ files for gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), and the duration of the first hospitalization during 2010-2011. Furthermore, the readmission rate during the first year of life and causes were identified.Findings: During the study period, 495 infants were enrolled. The ranges of gestational age and birth weight of infants who were admitted in neonatal intensive care unit were 24-36 weeks and 470-2500 g, respectively. 172 (34.74%) infants had a birth weight of less than 1500 g (very low birth weight or VLBW); and 144 of them (29.09%) were severely premature (gestational age of 24-31 weeks). The median (range) time of hospitalization in VLBW infants was 22 days (1-75). 67 (15.3%) infants were rehospitalized during the first year of life. Only 32 (6.4%) of all infants were readmitted during the first three months of life. Pneumonia (32.89%), icter (17.10%), treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (10.52%) and sepsis (9.20%) were the four most common causes of rehospitalization during the first year of life.Conclusion: Due to the high rate of reception requests for premature newborns and the low possibility for readmission, this research suggested that premature neonates who could have controlled body temperature at room temperature, with no recent apnea or bradycardia and with weight increasing via feeding, could be discharged regardless of gestational age and body weight.Background: Gradually over time, the number of premature deliveries has increased. In these circumstances, many neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) show a tendency towards early discharge due to frequent requests for admission of new premature newborns.Methods: In a descriptive-analytical study, we retrospectively surveyed the premature infants’ files for gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), and the duration of the first hospitalization during 2010-2011. Furthermore, the readmission rate during the first year of life and causes were identified.Findings: During the study period, 495 infants were enrolled. The ranges of gestational age and birth weight of infants who were admitted in neonatal intensive care unit were 24-36 weeks and 470-2500 g, respectively. 172 (34.74%) infants had a birth weight of less than 1500 g (very low birth weight or VLBW); and 144 of them (29.09%) were severely premature (gestational age of 24-31 weeks). The median (range) time of hospitalization in VLBW infants was 22 days (1-75). 67 (15.3%) infants were rehospitalized during the first year of life. Only 32 (6.4%) of all infants were readmitted during the first three months of life. Pneumonia (32.89%), icter (17.10%), treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (10.52%) and sepsis (9.20%) were the four most common causes of rehospitalization during the first year of life.Conclusion: Due to the high rate of reception requests for premature newborns and the low possibility for readmission, this research suggested that premature neonates who could have controlled body temperature at room temperature, with no recent apnea or bradycardia and with weight increasing via feeding, could be discharged regardless of gestational age and body weight.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_14733_69c8d2b4af56551603877db8d897360f.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953335120151023The Effect of Preoperative Anxiety on Hemodynamic Changes during Spinal Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing the surgery for Lumbar Disc HerniationThe Effect of Preoperative Anxiety on Hemodynamic Changes during Spinal Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing the surgery for Lumbar Disc Herniation1555156314734FAMohammadaliAttariProfessor, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine AND Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University on Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranSepehrEslamiStudent of Medicine, School of Medicine AND Student Research Committee, Isfahan University on Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0003-2242-8000HassanMahmoudzadehStudent of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Isfahan, IranMinaShakeriStudent of Medicine, School of Medicine AND Student Research Committee, Isfahan University on Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranJournal Article20150520Background: One of the most common problems among patients who candidate for operation is anxiety and intensity of it; uncontrolling can led to unwanted complications such as hypotension and tachycardia. Due to high prevalence rate of hypotension in patients under the operation with spinal anesthesia, which can be related to patient’s anxiety, this study aimed to determine the effect of preoperative anxiety on hemodynamic changes during spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing the surgery for lumbar disc herniation.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 100 patients who were candidates for surgery for lumbar disc herniation were selected. The intensity of anxiety was assessed using Zung Anxiety Status Inventory (ASI) and the blood pressure was measured before and during surgery; and correlation between the anxiety and blood pressure was evaluated.Findings: The mean ± SD of Zung score was 54.64 ± 14.40. 24, 42, 23 and 11 percent of the patients had mild, moderate, sever and very sever anxiety, respectively. The patients with low, moderate and sever anxiety faced significant decreases in systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure levels and heart rate; but changing in blood pressure and heart rate in patients with very sever anxiety was not significantly different compared to before the operation.Conclusion: Intensity of anxiety in the before and during surgery is one of the factors effect on blood pressure changing and heart rate specially hypotension and applying of preventive activities for decrease of anxiety.Background: One of the most common problems among patients who candidate for operation is anxiety and intensity of it; uncontrolling can led to unwanted complications such as hypotension and tachycardia. Due to high prevalence rate of hypotension in patients under the operation with spinal anesthesia, which can be related to patient’s anxiety, this study aimed to determine the effect of preoperative anxiety on hemodynamic changes during spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing the surgery for lumbar disc herniation.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 100 patients who were candidates for surgery for lumbar disc herniation were selected. The intensity of anxiety was assessed using Zung Anxiety Status Inventory (ASI) and the blood pressure was measured before and during surgery; and correlation between the anxiety and blood pressure was evaluated.Findings: The mean ± SD of Zung score was 54.64 ± 14.40. 24, 42, 23 and 11 percent of the patients had mild, moderate, sever and very sever anxiety, respectively. The patients with low, moderate and sever anxiety faced significant decreases in systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure levels and heart rate; but changing in blood pressure and heart rate in patients with very sever anxiety was not significantly different compared to before the operation.Conclusion: Intensity of anxiety in the before and during surgery is one of the factors effect on blood pressure changing and heart rate specially hypotension and applying of preventive activities for decrease of anxiety.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_14734_548bada0dbbcaf6d92cc76c5b773e7b9.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953335120151023Comparing the Expression of Foxa1 and Foxa2 Genes in the Stomach in Men and WomenComparing the Expression of Foxa1 and Foxa2 Genes in the Stomach in Men and Women1564157314735FAZahraMohammadiMSc Student, Department of Genetics, School of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, IranParisaMohamadynejadAssistant Professor, Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, IranMehdiMoghanibashiAssistant Professor, Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, IranJournal Article20150518Background: In recent years, it is found that a large number of genes are differentially expressed in two sexes; this can be referred to sexual dimorphism in gene expression. One of the main reasons for the differences in gene expression between male and female is assigned to sex hormones. Regarding to the presence of estrogen and androgen response elements in the regulatory region of Foxa1 and Foxa2 genes and sexual dimorphism in the incidence of gastric cancer, in this study, we compared the expression of these genes in the stomach of healthy men and women.Methods: Sampling was done from 20 healthy men and 21 healthy women using endoscopy from the gastric antrum. Following RNA extraction and complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis, expression of Foxa1 and Foxa2 genes was compared between the men and women using semi-quantitative technique of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Then, the data were analyzed using statistical t and ANOVA tests.Findings: The expression of Foxa1 was significantly higher in women than men (P = 0.041, df = 36, t = 2.12). In addition, the expression of this gene was significantly higher in people under the age of 45 years than people above it (P = 0.010, df = 36, t = 2.71). But about Foxa2 gene, no significantly results were seen.Conclusion: Foxa1 gene expression in women’s stomach is higher than men’s; besides, the expression of this gene in the stomach is decreased by age.Background: In recent years, it is found that a large number of genes are differentially expressed in two sexes; this can be referred to sexual dimorphism in gene expression. One of the main reasons for the differences in gene expression between male and female is assigned to sex hormones. Regarding to the presence of estrogen and androgen response elements in the regulatory region of Foxa1 and Foxa2 genes and sexual dimorphism in the incidence of gastric cancer, in this study, we compared the expression of these genes in the stomach of healthy men and women.Methods: Sampling was done from 20 healthy men and 21 healthy women using endoscopy from the gastric antrum. Following RNA extraction and complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis, expression of Foxa1 and Foxa2 genes was compared between the men and women using semi-quantitative technique of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Then, the data were analyzed using statistical t and ANOVA tests.Findings: The expression of Foxa1 was significantly higher in women than men (P = 0.041, df = 36, t = 2.12). In addition, the expression of this gene was significantly higher in people under the age of 45 years than people above it (P = 0.010, df = 36, t = 2.71). But about Foxa2 gene, no significantly results were seen.Conclusion: Foxa1 gene expression in women’s stomach is higher than men’s; besides, the expression of this gene in the stomach is decreased by age.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_14735_291925ddbc6e2d194d0c22d268e0f865.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953335120151023Enhanced Intracellular Translocation of Gold Nanoparticles Functionalized with TAT Peptide into Cancer Cell LinesEnhanced Intracellular Translocation of Gold Nanoparticles Functionalized with TAT Peptide into Cancer Cell Lines1574158314736FASedighehKhamehchianDepartment of Nanotechnology, School of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranSamanHosseinkhaniProfessor Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranRasoolMadaniProfessor, Department of Biotechnology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, IranMaryamNikkhahAssistant Professor, Department of Nanotechnology, School of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20150808Background: Reduced toxicity and ease of modification make gold nanoparticles (GNPs) suitable for targeted delivery and bioimaging via conjugating cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). This study aimed to assess the enhanced penetration of gold nanoparticles into cells via using TAT peptide as a cell-penetrating peptide.Methods: Gold nanoparticles and TAT-conjugated gold nanoparticles (TAT-C-GNP) were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential method, and transmission electron microscopy. The cytotoxicity effects of nanoparticles on HeLa, and A431 cell lines were studied. Uptake of TAT-conjugated gold nanoparticles was tested in cells, using dark field microscopy.Findings: Gold nanoparticles and TAT-conjugated gold nanoparticles had little to no effect on cell viability. Upon exposure to gold nanoparticles, TAT-conjugated gold nanoparticles displayed higher uptake than gold nanoparticles in A431 cell line; whereas none of the nanoparticles showed penetration in HeLa cell.Conclusion: Thus, TAT-conjugated gold nanoparticles have enhanced cellular internalization and are suitable for various biomedical applications as nanoconjugates.Background: Reduced toxicity and ease of modification make gold nanoparticles (GNPs) suitable for targeted delivery and bioimaging via conjugating cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). This study aimed to assess the enhanced penetration of gold nanoparticles into cells via using TAT peptide as a cell-penetrating peptide.Methods: Gold nanoparticles and TAT-conjugated gold nanoparticles (TAT-C-GNP) were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential method, and transmission electron microscopy. The cytotoxicity effects of nanoparticles on HeLa, and A431 cell lines were studied. Uptake of TAT-conjugated gold nanoparticles was tested in cells, using dark field microscopy.Findings: Gold nanoparticles and TAT-conjugated gold nanoparticles had little to no effect on cell viability. Upon exposure to gold nanoparticles, TAT-conjugated gold nanoparticles displayed higher uptake than gold nanoparticles in A431 cell line; whereas none of the nanoparticles showed penetration in HeLa cell.Conclusion: Thus, TAT-conjugated gold nanoparticles have enhanced cellular internalization and are suitable for various biomedical applications as nanoconjugates.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_14736_7101e4daaff4511510bbd4e6a0862fb7.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953335120151023The Role of Transcription Factors in Regulating the Development and Differentiation of Neural Retina CellsThe Role of Transcription Factors in Regulating the Development and Differentiation of Neural Retina Cells1584159614737FARazeihHeidariPediatrics Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease AND Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranFatemehNazemroayaPediatrics Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease AND Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMajidKheirollahiAssistant Professor, Pediatrics Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease AND Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranJournal Article20141126Neural retina is the part of the diencephalon and because of the relatively simple structure in known as a suitable model for studying the molecular mechanisms of the central nervous system. Visual perception is the result of the function of six types of neurons organized in the structure of the neural retina. Neural retina develops via the proliferation of a common precursor cell in the inner layer of the optic cup. Retinal progenitor cell acquires the competent to differentiate into different cell fates by different factors in a time-dependent and protected manner in the mammals. Destruction and loss of these cells in the retina occurs in various retinal diseases and impairs the process of human vision. Lack of reconstruction of damaged nerve cells in the retina of mammals, including humans is a noted problem; and in recent decades, a wide range of research in the eye field allocated the possibility of replacing the retinal cells and many efforts is made to treat these diseases. Study and identifying the transcription factors involved in neuronal differentiation can provide a useful tool for gene therapy aiming to regenerate retinal neurons in the near future.Neural retina is the part of the diencephalon and because of the relatively simple structure in known as a suitable model for studying the molecular mechanisms of the central nervous system. Visual perception is the result of the function of six types of neurons organized in the structure of the neural retina. Neural retina develops via the proliferation of a common precursor cell in the inner layer of the optic cup. Retinal progenitor cell acquires the competent to differentiate into different cell fates by different factors in a time-dependent and protected manner in the mammals. Destruction and loss of these cells in the retina occurs in various retinal diseases and impairs the process of human vision. Lack of reconstruction of damaged nerve cells in the retina of mammals, including humans is a noted problem; and in recent decades, a wide range of research in the eye field allocated the possibility of replacing the retinal cells and many efforts is made to treat these diseases. Study and identifying the transcription factors involved in neuronal differentiation can provide a useful tool for gene therapy aiming to regenerate retinal neurons in the near future.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_14737_7426f79c9a7f5af0a6cc457b2a7fb195.pdf