Isfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953542720170522IndexIndex15228FAJournalIndex--0000-0003-0874-1906Journal Article20171107Click to download the index of this issue.Click to download the index of this issue.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_15228_428365de6e004c615fe51282a0b8d9db.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953542720170522The Relationship between the Amount of Radiation, Relative Humidity, and Temperature with the Risk of Multiple Sclerosis in Isfahan Province, Iran, during the Years 2001-2014The Relationship between the Amount of Radiation, Relative Humidity, and Temperature with the Risk of Multiple Sclerosis in Isfahan Province, Iran, during the Years 2001-201443443915229FAArezooKarimiDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IranAliDelpishehProfessor, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IranFereshtehAshtariProfessor, Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranKouroshSayehmiriAssociate Professor, Psychosocial Injury Prevention Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IranRokhsarehMeamarAssociate Professor, Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-4536-5113Journal Article20170208Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease associated with inflammation of the central nervous system in humans that is associated with genetic and environmental factors. Geographical latitude and longitude, life on coastal, and exposure to environmental pollutants are associated with the disease. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between environmental factors with the risk of multiple sclerosis in Isfahan province, Iran.Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed the association of radiation, relative humidity, and temperature with the risk of multiple sclerosis in 2000 patients between the years 2001 to 2014 in Isfahan province. The geographical mapping was done using Arc GIS software and statistical analysis was done via SPSS software using logistic regression and correlation coefficient tests.Findings: The 13-year cumulative incidence rate of multiple sclerosis in Isfahan province was estimated 48.26 per 100000 person, 20.97 in men and 76.38 in women. Significant association was observed between the sunlight radiations with the risk of multiple sclerosis; but the average relative humidity and temperature in this area did not show any significant relationship with the risk of multiple sclerosis.Conclusion: Based on the findings, sunlight associated with multiple sclerosis in Isfahan province; but there was no relationship between the average annual temperature and relative humidity. Therefore, it is recommended that studies be done on individual level to investigate this relationshipBackground: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease associated with inflammation of the central nervous system in humans that is associated with genetic and environmental factors. Geographical latitude and longitude, life on coastal, and exposure to environmental pollutants are associated with the disease. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between environmental factors with the risk of multiple sclerosis in Isfahan province, Iran.Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed the association of radiation, relative humidity, and temperature with the risk of multiple sclerosis in 2000 patients between the years 2001 to 2014 in Isfahan province. The geographical mapping was done using Arc GIS software and statistical analysis was done via SPSS software using logistic regression and correlation coefficient tests.Findings: The 13-year cumulative incidence rate of multiple sclerosis in Isfahan province was estimated 48.26 per 100000 person, 20.97 in men and 76.38 in women. Significant association was observed between the sunlight radiations with the risk of multiple sclerosis; but the average relative humidity and temperature in this area did not show any significant relationship with the risk of multiple sclerosis.Conclusion: Based on the findings, sunlight associated with multiple sclerosis in Isfahan province; but there was no relationship between the average annual temperature and relative humidity. Therefore, it is recommended that studies be done on individual level to investigate this relationshiphttps://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_15229_bbdba257f96ea1bfa6e0aa829c59984c.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953542720170522Comparison of B-Cells Differentiation to Plasmablasts at Presence of Anti-Human CD40 and Anti-Immunoglobulin M f (ab)'2 or Lipopolysaccharide and Anti-Human CD40 Stimulators (In-Vitro)Comparison of B-Cells Differentiation to Plasmablasts at Presence of Anti-Human CD40 and Anti-Immunoglobulin M f (ab)'2 or Lipopolysaccharide and Anti-Human CD40 Stimulators (In-Vitro)44044615230FASanazAfshar-QasemlooMSc Student, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranNafisehEsmaeilAssistant Professor, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0001-9854-3043MazdakGanjalikhani-HakemiAssistant Professor, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranAbbasRezaeiProfessor, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranRezaYazdaniPhD Student, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranFaezehAbbasi-RadMSc Student, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranJournal Article20170208Background: Transformation and differentiation of activated B-cell to plasmacells and also memory cells depend on signaling from B-cell receptors. The signals from antigen and cytokine receptors on the surface of B cells lead to induce the expression of specific transcription factors, which finally determine the fate of B cells.Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated via ficoll gradient and then purified B cells were separated using magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS). Pure B cells were cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 (RPMI1640) culture media at the presence of purified anti-human CD40 antibody and anti-immunoglobulin M f (ab)´2 or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and anti-human CD40 antibody that induced B-cells differentiation to plasmablasts which was assessed with 3 markers (CD38+, CD27+, IgM-) and analyzed via flow cytometry.Findings: In stimulation of B cells with purified anti-human CD40 antibody and anti-IgM f (ab)´2 or LPS through cross-linking B-cell receptor, the majority of B cells remained alive and differentiated to another lineage of B cells (plasmablast: CD38+, CD27+, IgM-). There was no significant statistical difference between expressions of plasmablast markers in two states of stimulation.Conclusion: B cells can be stimulated and differentiated to plasmablasts in vitro similar to in vivo condition. However, to achieve the best outcome in the differentiation of B cells, we should consider the nature of stimulator, the time of incubation, and the type of stimulators.Background: Transformation and differentiation of activated B-cell to plasmacells and also memory cells depend on signaling from B-cell receptors. The signals from antigen and cytokine receptors on the surface of B cells lead to induce the expression of specific transcription factors, which finally determine the fate of B cells.Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated via ficoll gradient and then purified B cells were separated using magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS). Pure B cells were cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 (RPMI1640) culture media at the presence of purified anti-human CD40 antibody and anti-immunoglobulin M f (ab)´2 or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and anti-human CD40 antibody that induced B-cells differentiation to plasmablasts which was assessed with 3 markers (CD38+, CD27+, IgM-) and analyzed via flow cytometry.Findings: In stimulation of B cells with purified anti-human CD40 antibody and anti-IgM f (ab)´2 or LPS through cross-linking B-cell receptor, the majority of B cells remained alive and differentiated to another lineage of B cells (plasmablast: CD38+, CD27+, IgM-). There was no significant statistical difference between expressions of plasmablast markers in two states of stimulation.Conclusion: B cells can be stimulated and differentiated to plasmablasts in vitro similar to in vivo condition. However, to achieve the best outcome in the differentiation of B cells, we should consider the nature of stimulator, the time of incubation, and the type of stimulators.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_15230_17d079a0102e73dbd8c7cd98b6716b5b.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953542720170522Comparison of Radioisotope Scan and Ultrasonography in Diagnosis of Gastroesophageal Reflux in 2-13-Year-Old ChildrenComparison of Radioisotope Scan and Ultrasonography in Diagnosis of Gastroesophageal Reflux in 2-13-Year-Old Children44745215231FAHosseinSaneianAssociate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMohsenGhorbaniStudent of Medicine, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranJamalFaghihiniaAssociate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranJournal Article20160514Background: The aim of this study was to compare radionuclide scintigraphy and ultrasonography in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux in 2-13-year-old children who referred to a pediatric clinic in Isfahan city, Iran, during 2014-2015.Methods: In across-sectional study, 150 children aged 2 to13 years with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux were assessed using ultrasound and radioisotope scan. All of them were treated using the drug omeprazole for 6 weeks; and finally, the diagnostic values were compared between the two methods.Findings: Sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values were 96.1%, 68.2%, 94.6%, and 75.0%, and 85.2%, 45.5%, 90.1%, and 34.5%, in radioisotope scan and ultrasonography, respectively.Conclusion: Radioisotope scan and ultrasonography do not have enough accuracy in diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux in children. Using empirical therapy in diagnosis is depended on the duration of disease, too. Using combination of ultrasound and radioisotope scans is recommended in long-duration disease or when the case is suspicious to other diseases such as tumors and malignancy.Background: The aim of this study was to compare radionuclide scintigraphy and ultrasonography in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux in 2-13-year-old children who referred to a pediatric clinic in Isfahan city, Iran, during 2014-2015.Methods: In across-sectional study, 150 children aged 2 to13 years with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux were assessed using ultrasound and radioisotope scan. All of them were treated using the drug omeprazole for 6 weeks; and finally, the diagnostic values were compared between the two methods.Findings: Sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values were 96.1%, 68.2%, 94.6%, and 75.0%, and 85.2%, 45.5%, 90.1%, and 34.5%, in radioisotope scan and ultrasonography, respectively.Conclusion: Radioisotope scan and ultrasonography do not have enough accuracy in diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux in children. Using empirical therapy in diagnosis is depended on the duration of disease, too. Using combination of ultrasound and radioisotope scans is recommended in long-duration disease or when the case is suspicious to other diseases such as tumors and malignancy.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_15231_89b3f5223b861dc3a7b8917e293a857a.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953542720170522Study of the Transcript and Protein Expression of Poliovirus Receptor (CD155 Protein) on Colorectal Cancer Cell LineStudy of the Transcript and Protein Expression of Poliovirus Receptor (CD155 Protein) on Colorectal Cancer Cell Line45346215232FASarehZhandPhD Candidate , Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranSeyed MasoudHoseiniAssociate Professor, Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranAlijanTabarraeiAssociate Professor, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IranMohsenSaeediAssistant Professor, Stem Cell Research Center AND Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IranAbdolvahabMoradiProfessor, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IranJournal Article20170502Background: Poliovirus receptor (CD155 protein or PVR) expressed on many types of cells and exerts diverse functions. Several studies have demonstrated that changes in CD155 expression in cancer cell lines affect metastasis, proliferation, and migration. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the transcript and protein expression of CD155 in human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines in comparison to normal fetal human colon (FHC) cells.Methods: The CD155 expression levels in a human adenocarcinoma cell line and normal colon cell line were evaluated using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and flow cytometry. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software at the statistical significance level of P < 0.050.Findings: Real-time polymerase chain reaction indicated that CD155 significantly overexpressed in human adenocarcinoma cell line significantly more than normal fetal cells (P < 0.001). Flow cytometry showed that protein was strongly expressed in cancer cell line and SW480 cell line showed the highest CD155 protein expression level of 98.0%, whereas this protein expression was 1.3% in human normal colon cell line (P < 0.001).Conclusion: Collectively, these data indicate that CD155 expression is frequently elevated in cancer cell line. The preferential expression of CD155 on cancer cell line rather than on normal cell line suggests that CD155 could be targeted for future poliovirus virotherapy.Background: Poliovirus receptor (CD155 protein or PVR) expressed on many types of cells and exerts diverse functions. Several studies have demonstrated that changes in CD155 expression in cancer cell lines affect metastasis, proliferation, and migration. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the transcript and protein expression of CD155 in human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines in comparison to normal fetal human colon (FHC) cells.Methods: The CD155 expression levels in a human adenocarcinoma cell line and normal colon cell line were evaluated using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and flow cytometry. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software at the statistical significance level of P < 0.050.Findings: Real-time polymerase chain reaction indicated that CD155 significantly overexpressed in human adenocarcinoma cell line significantly more than normal fetal cells (P < 0.001). Flow cytometry showed that protein was strongly expressed in cancer cell line and SW480 cell line showed the highest CD155 protein expression level of 98.0%, whereas this protein expression was 1.3% in human normal colon cell line (P < 0.001).Conclusion: Collectively, these data indicate that CD155 expression is frequently elevated in cancer cell line. The preferential expression of CD155 on cancer cell line rather than on normal cell line suggests that CD155 could be targeted for future poliovirus virotherapy.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_15232_66d65498077ac583806d1c8b684b946e.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953542720170522Comparison of Cardiovascular Effects of Propofol versus Sodium Thiopental Anesthesia in Children Undergoing Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)Comparison of Cardiovascular Effects of Propofol versus Sodium Thiopental Anesthesia in Children Undergoing Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)46346915233FABehzadNazemoroayaAssistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0001-6208-9053SayedvahidُSayedmoalemiStudent of Medicine, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranSayed AliEmamiStudent of Medicine, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranJournal Article20170124Background: Seizures caused by electrical stimulation during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) should be managed; otherwise, electroconvulsive therapy can be an unpleasant experience. Therefore, sedative short-acting drugs like sodium thiopental, propofol, methohexital, etc. can be used with different hemodynamic changes and adverse effects. Some studies showed that propofol was associated with less complication and hemodynamic changes. The aim of this study was to compare cardiovascular effects and complications of propofol and sodium thiopental in pediatric age group treated with electroconvulsive therapy.Methods: This census double-blind clinical trial study was conducted in Alzahra hospital affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Before electroconvulsive therapy, one group received 2 mg/kg sodium thiopental and the other one 1 mg/kg propofol; then, both groups received 0.5 mg/kg succinylcholine and electroconvulsive therapy was done at least 90 second (1.5 minutes) after that. Heart rate, blood pressure and O2 saturation were measured at 1, 5 and 10 minutes after the seizure. Duration of seizure, language response, return to full consciousness, spontaneous breathing after seizure, and recovery time were measured and also drug adverse effect were assessed as well.Findings: This study was conducted on 70 children aged 6-18 years treated with electroconvulsive therapy. Seizure induction time (P < 0.001), language response time after seizure (P < 0.001) and return to full consciousness (P < 0.001) were significantly shorter in patients received propofol. Headache (P = 0.001), nausea (P = 0.020) and myalgia (P < 0.001) were observed more commonly in group received propofol.Conclusion: According to this study, verbal response time and return to full consciousness following seizure caused by propofol were achieved faster; but the drug caused more adverse effects.Background: Seizures caused by electrical stimulation during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) should be managed; otherwise, electroconvulsive therapy can be an unpleasant experience. Therefore, sedative short-acting drugs like sodium thiopental, propofol, methohexital, etc. can be used with different hemodynamic changes and adverse effects. Some studies showed that propofol was associated with less complication and hemodynamic changes. The aim of this study was to compare cardiovascular effects and complications of propofol and sodium thiopental in pediatric age group treated with electroconvulsive therapy.Methods: This census double-blind clinical trial study was conducted in Alzahra hospital affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Before electroconvulsive therapy, one group received 2 mg/kg sodium thiopental and the other one 1 mg/kg propofol; then, both groups received 0.5 mg/kg succinylcholine and electroconvulsive therapy was done at least 90 second (1.5 minutes) after that. Heart rate, blood pressure and O2 saturation were measured at 1, 5 and 10 minutes after the seizure. Duration of seizure, language response, return to full consciousness, spontaneous breathing after seizure, and recovery time were measured and also drug adverse effect were assessed as well.Findings: This study was conducted on 70 children aged 6-18 years treated with electroconvulsive therapy. Seizure induction time (P < 0.001), language response time after seizure (P < 0.001) and return to full consciousness (P < 0.001) were significantly shorter in patients received propofol. Headache (P = 0.001), nausea (P = 0.020) and myalgia (P < 0.001) were observed more commonly in group received propofol.Conclusion: According to this study, verbal response time and return to full consciousness following seizure caused by propofol were achieved faster; but the drug caused more adverse effects.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_15233_87a7f631aba283357925824464be7f74.pdf