Isfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953648120180723IndexIndex1557610.22122/jims.v36i481.11195FAJournalIndex0000-0003-0874-1906Journal Article20181227Click to download the index of this issue.Click to download the index of this issue.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_15576_b57fac77ca8ccadbcca2335607697701.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953648120180723Evaluation of Imposed Radiation Dose, Tumor Control Probability (TCP), and Normal Tissue Control Probability (NTCP) for Supraclavicular Nodes Plans of Tangential Method in Radiation Treatment of Patients with MastectomyEvaluation of Imposed Radiation Dose, Tumor Control Probability (TCP), and Normal Tissue Control Probability (NTCP) for Supraclavicular Nodes Plans of Tangential Method in Radiation Treatment of Patients with Mastectomy5645681557710.22122/jims.v36i481.9308FAHosseinTaheriMSc Student, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMohammad BagherTavakoliProfessor, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranAliAkhavanAssistant Professor, Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, School of Medicine AND Seyedoshohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0003-0050-3444Journal Article20171205Background: The study aimed to evaluate imposed radiation dose and normal tissue complications probability (NTCP) of two common treatment plans of supraclavicular nodes, anterior-posterior (AP) field and parallel opposed fields (POFs) which are widely used in tangential treatment plans for patients with mastectomy.Methods: The stated methods were planned on the computed tomography (CT) scan images of a chest phantom, using TiGRT treatment planning system (TPS). Then, the normal tissue complications probability values were estimated using dose-volume histogram (DVH) data of the plans. According to the plans, the phantom was irradiated with 6 and 15 MV photon beams of a Siemens Primus linac. Dose measurements were also done using thermoluminescence dosimeters.Findings: The mean ± standard deviation (SD) dose to ipsilateral lung (P = 0.045) and heart (P = 0.078) for tangential beams with a single anterior-posterior field (35.42 ± 2.84 and 28.73 ± 3.17 percent, respectively) was significantly lower compared to tangential beams with parallel opposed fields (49.36 ± 2.35 and 30.41 ± 3.77 percent, respectively). In addition, the normal tissue complications probability values of ipsilateral lung and heart for tangential beams with anterior-posterior field (4% and 3%, respectively) was lower compared to tangential with parallel opposed fields (6% and 4%, respectively).Conclusion: It is considered that irradiating supraclavicular nodes with an anterior-posterior field is more suitable technique compared to parallel opposed fields, due to lower imposed dose, and also lower normal tissue complications probability to ipsilateral lung and heart of the patients.Background: The study aimed to evaluate imposed radiation dose and normal tissue complications probability (NTCP) of two common treatment plans of supraclavicular nodes, anterior-posterior (AP) field and parallel opposed fields (POFs) which are widely used in tangential treatment plans for patients with mastectomy.Methods: The stated methods were planned on the computed tomography (CT) scan images of a chest phantom, using TiGRT treatment planning system (TPS). Then, the normal tissue complications probability values were estimated using dose-volume histogram (DVH) data of the plans. According to the plans, the phantom was irradiated with 6 and 15 MV photon beams of a Siemens Primus linac. Dose measurements were also done using thermoluminescence dosimeters.Findings: The mean ± standard deviation (SD) dose to ipsilateral lung (P = 0.045) and heart (P = 0.078) for tangential beams with a single anterior-posterior field (35.42 ± 2.84 and 28.73 ± 3.17 percent, respectively) was significantly lower compared to tangential beams with parallel opposed fields (49.36 ± 2.35 and 30.41 ± 3.77 percent, respectively). In addition, the normal tissue complications probability values of ipsilateral lung and heart for tangential beams with anterior-posterior field (4% and 3%, respectively) was lower compared to tangential with parallel opposed fields (6% and 4%, respectively).Conclusion: It is considered that irradiating supraclavicular nodes with an anterior-posterior field is more suitable technique compared to parallel opposed fields, due to lower imposed dose, and also lower normal tissue complications probability to ipsilateral lung and heart of the patients.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_15577_530ebdeb0491c0459e00298fcdb3a2bd.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953648120180723Evaluation of the Changes in Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) among the Interns in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran, after One Year of Starting Internship during the Years 2016-2017Evaluation of the Changes in Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) among the Interns in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran, after One Year of Starting Internship during the Years 2016-20175695741557810.22122/jims.v36i481.9736FAKianaShiraniAssistant Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine AND Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-2960-9624SamanehRezaeeStudent of Medicine, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranErfanBehzadiStudent of Medicine, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranZahraAminiAssistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine and Family Physician, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranParastooGolshiriAssociate Professor, Department of Community Medicine and Family Physician, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0001-8446-8353Journal Article20180228Background: Medical students, especially whom enter to clinical courses, are in high exposure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis responsible for tuberculosis (TB). This emphasizes the need to evaluate the condition of exposure to tuberculosis in this population.Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, changes in tuberculin skin test (TST) was evaluated among 140 interns in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran, during the years 2016-2017. Purified protein derivative (PPD) was injected into the medial side of forearm. After 72 hours, the diameter of induration was measured. 10 mm of induration and higher was considered as positive. 1 year later, the tuberculin skin test was repeated. The results from the first and second tuberculin skin tests were compared and analyzed. Demographic information was recorded.Findings: 46.4% of examined population were men. In first tuberculin skin test, 8 cases (5.7%), and in second test, 10 cases (7.1%) were positive. 2 cases of test conversion were found. Mean induration size among all interns was 2.82 and 3.17 mm in first and second tuberculin skin tests, respectively. In both tests, men had significantly more positive results.Conclusion: In this study, 2 test conversion cases were found. As these interns will have more exposure in their educational and professional future, it needs to perform useful plans to control and prevent transmission of tuberculosis.Background: Medical students, especially whom enter to clinical courses, are in high exposure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis responsible for tuberculosis (TB). This emphasizes the need to evaluate the condition of exposure to tuberculosis in this population.Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, changes in tuberculin skin test (TST) was evaluated among 140 interns in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran, during the years 2016-2017. Purified protein derivative (PPD) was injected into the medial side of forearm. After 72 hours, the diameter of induration was measured. 10 mm of induration and higher was considered as positive. 1 year later, the tuberculin skin test was repeated. The results from the first and second tuberculin skin tests were compared and analyzed. Demographic information was recorded.Findings: 46.4% of examined population were men. In first tuberculin skin test, 8 cases (5.7%), and in second test, 10 cases (7.1%) were positive. 2 cases of test conversion were found. Mean induration size among all interns was 2.82 and 3.17 mm in first and second tuberculin skin tests, respectively. In both tests, men had significantly more positive results.Conclusion: In this study, 2 test conversion cases were found. As these interns will have more exposure in their educational and professional future, it needs to perform useful plans to control and prevent transmission of tuberculosis.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_15578_37f87a140bf3047362a857e05ce7a40f.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953648120180723The Effect of Clomipramine on Spermatogenesis Process, and Testosterone, Follicle Stimulating, and Luteinizing Hormone in Laboratory Male RatsThe Effect of Clomipramine on Spermatogenesis Process, and Testosterone, Follicle Stimulating, and Luteinizing Hormone in Laboratory Male Rats5755801557910.22122/jims.v36i481.10015FAAkbarKarimiAssistant Professor, Department of Biology, School of Science, Payame Noor University Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-3033-981XElhamEtemadiDepartment of Biology, School of Science, Payame Noor University Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-4677-8243Journal Article20180425Background: Using clomipramine, as a serotonin-reuptake inhibitor, is associated with unwanted side effects such as reproductive disorders. In this study, the effect of clomipramine on spermatogenesis process, and testosterone, follicle stimulating, luteinizing hormones was assessed in laboratory male rats.Methods: 24 male rats (aged 7 to 8 weeks, weighing 25-30 g) were selected and randomly divided into 4 equal groups including three treatment groups and one placebo group. The placebo group received normal saline, and the treatment groups received 3, 6, and 12 mg/kg body weight of clomipramine for 20 days, intraperitoneally. At the end, blood sampling was performed to test the level of testosterone, follicle stimulating, and luteinizing hormone. The histological assessments were conducted using hematoxylin-eosin staining, and by a microscope equipped with a digital camera. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan tests.Findings: The mean levels of testosterone, follicle stimulating, and luteinizing hormone in treatment groups were not significantly different compared to placebo group (P > 0.050 for all). The mean number of spermatogonia cells, spermatocytes, and spermatids, as well as the thickness and diameter of seminiferous tubules in the treatment group was significantly lower than the placebo group (P < 0.001 for all).Conclusion: Using clomipramine, especially at high doses, can disrupt the spermatogenesis process, as well as decreasing the diameter and thickness of seminiferous tubule in testis tissue. All of these changes suggest that the application of clomipramine may reduce fertility in males.Background: Using clomipramine, as a serotonin-reuptake inhibitor, is associated with unwanted side effects such as reproductive disorders. In this study, the effect of clomipramine on spermatogenesis process, and testosterone, follicle stimulating, luteinizing hormones was assessed in laboratory male rats.Methods: 24 male rats (aged 7 to 8 weeks, weighing 25-30 g) were selected and randomly divided into 4 equal groups including three treatment groups and one placebo group. The placebo group received normal saline, and the treatment groups received 3, 6, and 12 mg/kg body weight of clomipramine for 20 days, intraperitoneally. At the end, blood sampling was performed to test the level of testosterone, follicle stimulating, and luteinizing hormone. The histological assessments were conducted using hematoxylin-eosin staining, and by a microscope equipped with a digital camera. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan tests.Findings: The mean levels of testosterone, follicle stimulating, and luteinizing hormone in treatment groups were not significantly different compared to placebo group (P > 0.050 for all). The mean number of spermatogonia cells, spermatocytes, and spermatids, as well as the thickness and diameter of seminiferous tubules in the treatment group was significantly lower than the placebo group (P < 0.001 for all).Conclusion: Using clomipramine, especially at high doses, can disrupt the spermatogenesis process, as well as decreasing the diameter and thickness of seminiferous tubule in testis tissue. All of these changes suggest that the application of clomipramine may reduce fertility in males.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_15579_12423e210ece56bfeb607e01ee9210fb.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953648120180723The Radiobiologic Characterizations of Normal Lung Cells Treated with Cerium Oxide Nanostructures as Radioprotector against X-Rays Used in RadiotherapyThe Radiobiologic Characterizations of Normal Lung Cells Treated with Cerium Oxide Nanostructures as Radioprotector against X-Rays Used in Radiotherapy5815871558010.22122/jims.v36i481.10193FAMohammad HoseinZareAssistant Professor, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medical Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranAkramAstaniAssistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.NouraddinAbdi-GoushbolaghMSc Student, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medical Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran0000-0003-1136-6086Journal Article20180527Background: Cerium oxide nanoparticles, or nanoceria, as radioprotectors can play an important role in reducing complication of ionizing radiation. The aim of this study was to reduce the mortality of normal lung cells against 6-MV photon beams by using nanoceria; so that through identifying optimal concentration of nanoceria, it could be used in radiation therapy.Methods: Nanoceria suspensions were sterilized with 70% ethyl alcohol. In order to optimize the nanoparticles distribution in aqueous medium, suspension was shaken by vortex for 3 minutes. Then, the sonication was performed for 2 hours using ultrasound sonicator. MRC-5 cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified eagle medium/F12 (DMEM/F12) medium, and placed in a high-humidity incubator at 37 °C. To determine the non-toxic concentration, the cells were treated with serial concentrations of 5, 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110, 150, 200, 250, and 300 µM of nanoceria. Quantitative radio-protection effect of nanoceria was performed in non-toxic concentrations against 6-MV X-ray with doses of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 cGy.Findings: The concentration of 70 μM and low concentrations did not have toxicity for MRC-5 cells. The mean cell viability (%) in this concentration of nanoceria was 89.4 ± 2.6 percent. MRC-5 cells at presence of 70 µM anoceria had significant radiation protection against radiation doses of 40, 80, and 100 cGy compared to the control group.Conclusion: Using cerium oxide nanoparticles can increase the precision of treatment, and reduce secondary effects of radiotherapy.Background: Cerium oxide nanoparticles, or nanoceria, as radioprotectors can play an important role in reducing complication of ionizing radiation. The aim of this study was to reduce the mortality of normal lung cells against 6-MV photon beams by using nanoceria; so that through identifying optimal concentration of nanoceria, it could be used in radiation therapy.Methods: Nanoceria suspensions were sterilized with 70% ethyl alcohol. In order to optimize the nanoparticles distribution in aqueous medium, suspension was shaken by vortex for 3 minutes. Then, the sonication was performed for 2 hours using ultrasound sonicator. MRC-5 cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified eagle medium/F12 (DMEM/F12) medium, and placed in a high-humidity incubator at 37 °C. To determine the non-toxic concentration, the cells were treated with serial concentrations of 5, 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110, 150, 200, 250, and 300 µM of nanoceria. Quantitative radio-protection effect of nanoceria was performed in non-toxic concentrations against 6-MV X-ray with doses of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 cGy.Findings: The concentration of 70 μM and low concentrations did not have toxicity for MRC-5 cells. The mean cell viability (%) in this concentration of nanoceria was 89.4 ± 2.6 percent. MRC-5 cells at presence of 70 µM anoceria had significant radiation protection against radiation doses of 40, 80, and 100 cGy compared to the control group.Conclusion: Using cerium oxide nanoparticles can increase the precision of treatment, and reduce secondary effects of radiotherapy.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_15580_80e95d403709b12e758a590b74d9965e.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953648120180723The Correlation between Endoscopic and Histological Findings of Esophageal and Gastric Biopsies in Pediatric Patients Referred to Imam Hussein Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, during the Years 2014 to 2015The Correlation between Endoscopic and Histological Findings of Esophageal and Gastric Biopsies in Pediatric Patients Referred to Imam Hussein Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, during the Years 2014 to 20155885931558110.22122/jims.v36i481.8952FAAzarNaimiAssistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Imam Hussein Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranAzarBaradaranProfessor, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0001-7058-6367AmidYazdaniStudent of Medicine, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-1123-270XJournal Article20171014Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between endoscopic and histological findings of esophageal and gastric biopsies in patients referred to Imam Hussein hospital, Isfahan, Iran, during the years 2014-2015.Methods: In this retrospective study, the endoscopic and histological findings of 243 patients were collected, and classified using the site of biopsy (esophageal or gastric) and the diagnostic findings (eosinophilic esophagitis, esophagitis and ulcer in esophagus, gastritis, nodularity, and gastric follicle and erosion). The age range of the enrolled patients was 1 month to 16 years. In order to find the correlation between endoscopic and histological findings, chi-square, t, and one-way ANOVA tests were performed using SPSS software.Findings: For the esophagus, the positive endoscopic and histologic findings were 117 (48.1%) and 86 (35.4%) cases, respectively. While, for the stomach the positive endoscopic and histologic findings were 157 (64.6%) and 145 (59.7%) cases, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the esophagus endoscopic findings were 73.3% and 51.3%, respectively [Area under curve (AUC) = 0.623; P = 0.002]. There were also significant for the stomach findings (AUC = 0.576; P = 0.043).Conclusion: Concordance between endoscopic and histologic findings of the esophagus was stronger compared to the stomach.Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between endoscopic and histological findings of esophageal and gastric biopsies in patients referred to Imam Hussein hospital, Isfahan, Iran, during the years 2014-2015.Methods: In this retrospective study, the endoscopic and histological findings of 243 patients were collected, and classified using the site of biopsy (esophageal or gastric) and the diagnostic findings (eosinophilic esophagitis, esophagitis and ulcer in esophagus, gastritis, nodularity, and gastric follicle and erosion). The age range of the enrolled patients was 1 month to 16 years. In order to find the correlation between endoscopic and histological findings, chi-square, t, and one-way ANOVA tests were performed using SPSS software.Findings: For the esophagus, the positive endoscopic and histologic findings were 117 (48.1%) and 86 (35.4%) cases, respectively. While, for the stomach the positive endoscopic and histologic findings were 157 (64.6%) and 145 (59.7%) cases, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the esophagus endoscopic findings were 73.3% and 51.3%, respectively [Area under curve (AUC) = 0.623; P = 0.002]. There were also significant for the stomach findings (AUC = 0.576; P = 0.043).Conclusion: Concordance between endoscopic and histologic findings of the esophagus was stronger compared to the stomach.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_15581_ab3dfe49a68e59f742ce0ac8dc72cf63.pdf