Isfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953648520180823IndexIndex1560010.22122/jims.v36i485.11596FAJournalIndex0000-0003-0874-1906Journal Article20190423Click to download the index of this issue.Click to download the index of this issue.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_15600_196268d973fe71025e5e9a9b6ef4c6f1.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953648520180823The Effect of Garlic Pills on the Results of Cultured Samples from Peripheral, Urinary, and Central Catheters and Inflammatory Factors in Patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU)The Effect of Garlic Pills on the Results of Cultured Samples from Peripheral, Urinary, and Central Catheters and Inflammatory Factors in Patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU)6987041560110.22122/jims.v36i485.9485FASaeedAbbasiAssociate Professor, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0003-0930-5698FarrokhYadollahiFellowship Resident of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and , School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0001-5958-0239Journal Article20180115Background: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of garlic oral pill in preventing the onset of nosocomial infection in the patients who admitted in intensive care unit (ICU).Methods: In a clinical trial study, 100 patients who admitted in intensive care unit of Alzahra hospital, Isfahan, Iran, were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The first group were received garlic tablets every 8 hours for 6 days, and the second group did not receive the garlic pill. During the study, inflammatory factors, sepsis, and infection were compared between the two groups.Findings: 78 samples of intravenous catheter were sent to the laboratory for culture, 37 of which were in the intervention group and 41 were in the control group. The result of the culture of the tip of the venous catheter was positive in 5 cases, all of which were in the control group, and no positive culture was observed in the intervention group (P = 0.035). For 35 patients in the intervention group and 30 in the control group, urine culture was performed. The results of the culture were positive in two of the intervention group and six in the control group (5.7% versus 20%), but the difference was not significant (P = 0.130).Conclusion: The use of garlic pill in patients admitted in intensive care units that are highly susceptible to hospital infection may be effective in preventing septicemia and urinary tract infections.Background: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of garlic oral pill in preventing the onset of nosocomial infection in the patients who admitted in intensive care unit (ICU).Methods: In a clinical trial study, 100 patients who admitted in intensive care unit of Alzahra hospital, Isfahan, Iran, were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The first group were received garlic tablets every 8 hours for 6 days, and the second group did not receive the garlic pill. During the study, inflammatory factors, sepsis, and infection were compared between the two groups.Findings: 78 samples of intravenous catheter were sent to the laboratory for culture, 37 of which were in the intervention group and 41 were in the control group. The result of the culture of the tip of the venous catheter was positive in 5 cases, all of which were in the control group, and no positive culture was observed in the intervention group (P = 0.035). For 35 patients in the intervention group and 30 in the control group, urine culture was performed. The results of the culture were positive in two of the intervention group and six in the control group (5.7% versus 20%), but the difference was not significant (P = 0.130).Conclusion: The use of garlic pill in patients admitted in intensive care units that are highly susceptible to hospital infection may be effective in preventing septicemia and urinary tract infections.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_15601_fae9389a7378751dfbd769fc5786f319.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953648520180823Comparison of Three Methods of Open Discectomy, and Nucleoplasty with and without Ozone Injection on the Healing, Complications, and Postoperative Pain in Patients with Lumbar Disc HerniationComparison of Three Methods of Open Discectomy, and Nucleoplasty with and without Ozone Injection on the Healing, Complications, and Postoperative Pain in Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation7057111560210.22122/jims.v36i485.9960FASaeedAbrishamkarProfessor, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0001-8860-5204AminRastgooResident Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0001-9777-451XMarjanOstadResident, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranEhsanMohamadhoseiniResident Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMohamadKamangarResident Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranJournal Article20180419Background: This study aimed to compare the effect of three method of open discectomy, and nucleoplasty with and without ozone injection on the healing, complications, and postoperative pain in patients with lumbar disc herniation.Methods: In this clinical trial study, 180 patients with intervertebral disc herniation were divided into three groups of 60 patients. The first group was operated using open diskectomy method, and the second and third groups were operated with nucleoplasty with and without ozone injection. The severity of pain, relapse symptoms, and postoperative complications were followed up to 24 months later, and compared between the three groups.Findings: The severity of back pain at preoperative, 14 days, and 1 and 3 months after operation was not significantly different between the three groups; but 24 months after surgery, patients with open discectomy had lower pain severity (P = 0.029). Up to 24 months later, 12 patients needed re-operation, 2 (3.3%) of nucleoplasty with ozone injection group and 10 (16.7%) of the nucleoplasty without ozone injection group, and the difference between the three groups was significant (P = 0.001).Conclusion: It seems that the use of open discectomy method, in comparison with nucleoplasty with or without gas injection, is associated with a higher rate of cure and a less recurrence rate; although open discectomy is not accompanied by a getting rid of bed quickly, but had less therapeutic costs and less need for reoperation.Background: This study aimed to compare the effect of three method of open discectomy, and nucleoplasty with and without ozone injection on the healing, complications, and postoperative pain in patients with lumbar disc herniation.Methods: In this clinical trial study, 180 patients with intervertebral disc herniation were divided into three groups of 60 patients. The first group was operated using open diskectomy method, and the second and third groups were operated with nucleoplasty with and without ozone injection. The severity of pain, relapse symptoms, and postoperative complications were followed up to 24 months later, and compared between the three groups.Findings: The severity of back pain at preoperative, 14 days, and 1 and 3 months after operation was not significantly different between the three groups; but 24 months after surgery, patients with open discectomy had lower pain severity (P = 0.029). Up to 24 months later, 12 patients needed re-operation, 2 (3.3%) of nucleoplasty with ozone injection group and 10 (16.7%) of the nucleoplasty without ozone injection group, and the difference between the three groups was significant (P = 0.001).Conclusion: It seems that the use of open discectomy method, in comparison with nucleoplasty with or without gas injection, is associated with a higher rate of cure and a less recurrence rate; although open discectomy is not accompanied by a getting rid of bed quickly, but had less therapeutic costs and less need for reoperation.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_15602_13b84e27ae884ad0a24d817d23b75be0.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953648520180823The Causes and Risk Factors in Patients with Kernicterus Referred to the Clinic of Pediatric Neurology during the Years 2011 to 2016The Causes and Risk Factors in Patients with Kernicterus Referred to the Clinic of Pediatric Neurology during the Years 2011 to 20167127161560310.22122/jims.v36i485.10118FAJafarNasiriAssistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0003-3624-6849MohammadrezaGhazaviAssistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0001-5257-4928MohammadaliPourmirzaeiAssistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-4944-0854AbdorahimPakStudent of Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0001-6605-5598Journal Article20180528Background: Neonatal jaundice has potentially severe side effects such as kernicterus. Prevention of kernicterus and hyperbilirubinemia is based on finding neonates with risk factors and starting treatment as soon as possible. Therefore, this study aimed to determine some causes and risk factors of kernicterus.Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study on patients referred to the clinic of pediatric neurology during the years 2011 to 2016. Reviewing patients' medical records and information was done. Quantitative data were reported as mean ± standard deviation and median, and qualitative data as frequency and percentage.Findings: In this study, 19 clinical records were reviewed, with a mean age of 6.60 ± 4.29 years; of them, 78.9% were boys; 63.2% birthed term; 57.9% birth with natural vaginal delivery; and 52.6% had a positive family history of neonatal jaundice. The most common causes of hyperbilirubinemia were ABO and Rh incompatibility and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. 84.2% were treated with exchange transfusion and 15.8% with medical management. The mean age of the mothers when neonate born was 26.30 ± 3.98 years. The mean level of bilirubin level was 34.40 ± 10.46 mg/dl. Mean time of delay treatment was 1.10 ± 0.95 day.Conclusion: Kernicterus in most cases can be prevented. Most common cause of kernicterus was the late diagnosis of families. To prevent kernicterus, it is necessary to implement a systematic after-birth care plan for neonates by qualified healthcare professionals.Background: Neonatal jaundice has potentially severe side effects such as kernicterus. Prevention of kernicterus and hyperbilirubinemia is based on finding neonates with risk factors and starting treatment as soon as possible. Therefore, this study aimed to determine some causes and risk factors of kernicterus.Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study on patients referred to the clinic of pediatric neurology during the years 2011 to 2016. Reviewing patients' medical records and information was done. Quantitative data were reported as mean ± standard deviation and median, and qualitative data as frequency and percentage.Findings: In this study, 19 clinical records were reviewed, with a mean age of 6.60 ± 4.29 years; of them, 78.9% were boys; 63.2% birthed term; 57.9% birth with natural vaginal delivery; and 52.6% had a positive family history of neonatal jaundice. The most common causes of hyperbilirubinemia were ABO and Rh incompatibility and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. 84.2% were treated with exchange transfusion and 15.8% with medical management. The mean age of the mothers when neonate born was 26.30 ± 3.98 years. The mean level of bilirubin level was 34.40 ± 10.46 mg/dl. Mean time of delay treatment was 1.10 ± 0.95 day.Conclusion: Kernicterus in most cases can be prevented. Most common cause of kernicterus was the late diagnosis of families. To prevent kernicterus, it is necessary to implement a systematic after-birth care plan for neonates by qualified healthcare professionals.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_15603_b39f604b83278f4b3dfa16efc9670fbf.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953648520180823The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Dopamine Release in Periaqueductal Gray Region Following the Use of Morphine in RatThe Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Dopamine Release in Periaqueductal Gray Region Following the Use of Morphine in Rat7177221560410.22122/jims.v36i485.10299FASafouraAlizadehMSc Student, Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Sports Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran0000-0003-0275-8248MehdiKargarfardProfessor, Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Sports Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-9205-799XHojatallahAlaeiProfessor, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranJournal Article20180617Background: Several studies have shown that exercise plays an important role in modifying addictive behaviors. Moreover, it seems that morphine exerts its effects on periaqueductal gray (PAG) region, which contains dopamine neurons, through the release of dopamine in this area. Therefore, in this study, we decided to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise on the release of dopamine in the periaqueductal gray region following the use of morphine in rat.Methods: 28 male Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups of saline, morphine, saline + exercise, and morphine + exercise. Exercise groups ran on the treadmill apparatus during four weeks. Three doses of morphine (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally in 9 days, and withdrawal symptoms were recorded. After preparing different specimens in 50 μl samples, the concentration of dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To compare the mean levels of dopamine and DOPAC, one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests were used.Findings: The concentrations of dopamine and DOPAC were significantly higher in morphine, morphine + exercise, and saline + exercise compared to saline group (P < 0.050 for all).Conclusion: The results of this study show that aerobic exercise may have an important role in releasing dopamine and DOPAC into the periaqueductal gray region area, and it can be used for prevention and treatment of morphine addiction.Background: Several studies have shown that exercise plays an important role in modifying addictive behaviors. Moreover, it seems that morphine exerts its effects on periaqueductal gray (PAG) region, which contains dopamine neurons, through the release of dopamine in this area. Therefore, in this study, we decided to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise on the release of dopamine in the periaqueductal gray region following the use of morphine in rat.Methods: 28 male Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups of saline, morphine, saline + exercise, and morphine + exercise. Exercise groups ran on the treadmill apparatus during four weeks. Three doses of morphine (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally in 9 days, and withdrawal symptoms were recorded. After preparing different specimens in 50 μl samples, the concentration of dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To compare the mean levels of dopamine and DOPAC, one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests were used.Findings: The concentrations of dopamine and DOPAC were significantly higher in morphine, morphine + exercise, and saline + exercise compared to saline group (P < 0.050 for all).Conclusion: The results of this study show that aerobic exercise may have an important role in releasing dopamine and DOPAC into the periaqueductal gray region area, and it can be used for prevention and treatment of morphine addiction.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_15604_5c6a2ff5001c13fb4b0425a45e5b8e11.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953648520180823Evaluating the Effects of Acarbose on Anthropometry Indexes and Metabolic Markers in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome in Comparison to Placebo, in Isfahan City, IranEvaluating the Effects of Acarbose on Anthropometry Indexes and Metabolic Markers in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome in Comparison to Placebo, in Isfahan City, Iran7237301560510.22122/jims.v36i485.10123FANoushinKhaliliAssistant Professor, Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-5129-100XAliSheikh-AboomasoudiResident, Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0003-3680-1187Journal Article20180516Background: Metabolic syndrome (MTS) is a group of metabolic abnormalities that occur simultaneously. Acarbose is an anti-diabetes medication that studies showed its effects on improving lipid profile, blood sugar, insulin resistance, and weight loss. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of acarbose on anthropometry indexes and metabolic markers in patients with metabolic syndrome in comparison to placebo, in Isfahan City, Iran.Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial study on patients with metabolic syndrome who referred to Sedighe Tahere Research Institute. Patients were randomly divided into two groups treated with acarbose or placebo for 6 months. Before and after intervention, weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference were measured, and the level of fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar (30 minutes, and 1 and 2 hours), cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), liver enzymes, albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), insulin (fast, and 30 minutes, and 1 and 2 hours postprandial), and insulin resistance index (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance or HOMA-IR) were evaluated and then compared.Findings: In this study, 74 patients with metabolic syndrome with mean age of 39.9 ± 8.5 years were evaluated, of them, 27.02% were men. The mean weight (P < 0.001), waist circumference (P < 0.001), hip circumference (P < 0.001), and 1-hour (P < 0.010) and 2-hour postprandial blood sugar (P < 0.001) decreased significantly in acarbose group, the mean level of HDL significantly increased (P = 0.020), and HOMA-IR significantly decreased (P = 0.020). Other variables did not show significant differences.Conclusion: Acarbose can reduce weight and abdominal obesity, and improve postprandial blood sugar level, HDL level, and insulin resistance status.Background: Metabolic syndrome (MTS) is a group of metabolic abnormalities that occur simultaneously. Acarbose is an anti-diabetes medication that studies showed its effects on improving lipid profile, blood sugar, insulin resistance, and weight loss. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of acarbose on anthropometry indexes and metabolic markers in patients with metabolic syndrome in comparison to placebo, in Isfahan City, Iran.Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial study on patients with metabolic syndrome who referred to Sedighe Tahere Research Institute. Patients were randomly divided into two groups treated with acarbose or placebo for 6 months. Before and after intervention, weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference were measured, and the level of fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar (30 minutes, and 1 and 2 hours), cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), liver enzymes, albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), insulin (fast, and 30 minutes, and 1 and 2 hours postprandial), and insulin resistance index (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance or HOMA-IR) were evaluated and then compared.Findings: In this study, 74 patients with metabolic syndrome with mean age of 39.9 ± 8.5 years were evaluated, of them, 27.02% were men. The mean weight (P < 0.001), waist circumference (P < 0.001), hip circumference (P < 0.001), and 1-hour (P < 0.010) and 2-hour postprandial blood sugar (P < 0.001) decreased significantly in acarbose group, the mean level of HDL significantly increased (P = 0.020), and HOMA-IR significantly decreased (P = 0.020). Other variables did not show significant differences.Conclusion: Acarbose can reduce weight and abdominal obesity, and improve postprandial blood sugar level, HDL level, and insulin resistance status.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_15605_a47cc7b881ce40bc6ba3e71d5d47fbf1.pdf