Isfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953963120210823The Effect of Aspirin on Pulmonary Fibrotic Lesions and Oxidative Stress Induced by Bleomycin in Pulmonary Tissue of RatThe Effect of Aspirin on Pulmonary Fibrotic Lesions and Oxidative Stress Induced by Bleomycin in Pulmonary Tissue of Rat4754831621410.22122/jims.v39i631.14178FAFatemehAghakasiriStudent of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0003-2488-8190AdelMohammadalipourAssistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-2598-9439AliHosseini-SharifabadAssistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-8483-5560MohammadHashemniaAssistant Professor, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran0000-0002-2899-4794Journal Article20210530Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic and inflammatory disease of lung which lead to formation of collagen in its tissue. Due to the inflammatory nature of fibrosis, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different doses of aspirin on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.Methods: The current study were done on male adult Wistar rats whom were randomly divided into groups with 6 animals in each. Sham group, control group, bleomycin groups which respectively received 15 units/kg bleomycin intraperitoneally (IP) or 5 units/kg bleomycin by intratracheal instillation, and aspirin groups which respectively received 50, 100, or 150 mg/kg aspirin by gavage concomitant with the intraperitoneal bleomycin. The treatment of animals lasted 28 days; and then the lung tissue was removed for histological examination and measurement of hydroxyproline and malondialdehyde levels.Findings: The same as intratracheal instillation of bleomycin, its intraperitoneal injection caused a significant increase in hydroxyproline and malondialdehyde levels in rat lung tissue (P < 0.001). Administration of aspirin for 28 consecutive days significantly reduced the levels of hydroxyproline and malondialdehyde in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrotic rats (P < 0.001). In addition, it caused a significant improvement in histological factors indicating inflammation and fibrosis. There was no significant difference in fibrotic and inflammatory indexes between the studied doses of aspirin.Conclusion: Intraperitoneal injection of bleomycin caused pulmonary fibrosis in rat’s pulmonary tissue the same as when bleomycin instilled intratracheally. Aspirin remarkably improved bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and oxidative stress. There was no difference in the effectiveness of the studied doses of aspirin. The exact involving mechanisms of aspirin and its effect in other doses need to be more investigated.Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic and inflammatory disease of lung which lead to formation of collagen in its tissue. Due to the inflammatory nature of fibrosis, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different doses of aspirin on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.Methods: The current study were done on male adult Wistar rats whom were randomly divided into groups with 6 animals in each. Sham group, control group, bleomycin groups which respectively received 15 units/kg bleomycin intraperitoneally (IP) or 5 units/kg bleomycin by intratracheal instillation, and aspirin groups which respectively received 50, 100, or 150 mg/kg aspirin by gavage concomitant with the intraperitoneal bleomycin. The treatment of animals lasted 28 days; and then the lung tissue was removed for histological examination and measurement of hydroxyproline and malondialdehyde levels.Findings: The same as intratracheal instillation of bleomycin, its intraperitoneal injection caused a significant increase in hydroxyproline and malondialdehyde levels in rat lung tissue (P < 0.001). Administration of aspirin for 28 consecutive days significantly reduced the levels of hydroxyproline and malondialdehyde in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrotic rats (P < 0.001). In addition, it caused a significant improvement in histological factors indicating inflammation and fibrosis. There was no significant difference in fibrotic and inflammatory indexes between the studied doses of aspirin.Conclusion: Intraperitoneal injection of bleomycin caused pulmonary fibrosis in rat’s pulmonary tissue the same as when bleomycin instilled intratracheally. Aspirin remarkably improved bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and oxidative stress. There was no difference in the effectiveness of the studied doses of aspirin. The exact involving mechanisms of aspirin and its effect in other doses need to be more investigated.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_16214_6b5bf4d4122957763ce3b07201e4003e.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953963120210823Comparison of the Effect of Open and Closed Endotracheal Suction Systems on the Results of the Smear and Bacterial Culture in Patients under Mechanical Ventilation in Intensive Care UnitComparison of the Effect of Open and Closed Endotracheal Suction Systems on the Results of the Smear and Bacterial Culture in Patients under Mechanical Ventilation in Intensive Care Unit4844911621510.22122/jims.v39i631.14179FAMaryamMoradiInstructor, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran0000-0003-1318-2344FatemehRezaeeMSc Student, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, IranAliMohammadpourProfessor, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing AND Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, IranMoosaSajjadiAssociate Professor, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing AND Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran0000-0002-5449-9113Journal Article20210526Background: Choosing the right method of suction can be effective in reducing its complications. Therefore, this study was performed to compare the effect of open and closed endotracheal suction systems on the results of the smear and bacterial culture in patients under mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit.Methods: The present study was performed on 52 patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Patients were selected by convenience sampling method, and randomly divided into open and closed suction groups. Samples of patients' tracheal secretions were collected before the intervention and 72 hours later by minibal method under completely sterile conditions. Samples sent to the laboratory were incubated in a special culture medium at 37 °C for 24 hours; then the plates were examined in two groups and the results were compared.Findings: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups of open and closed suction in terms of the results of microbial culture of tracheal secretions. In the open suction group, 96.3% and in the closed suction group, 92% had positive culture results. In addition, the microbial strain of Acinetobacter had the highest prevalence in both open and closed suction groups, with 40.7% and 40.0%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of Gram-positive and Gram-negative masses in respiratory secretions.Conclusion: There is no significant difference between open and closed endotracheal suctioning for endotracheal culture results, Gram positive and negative masses and bacterial types, and one system could not be preferred over the other.Background: Choosing the right method of suction can be effective in reducing its complications. Therefore, this study was performed to compare the effect of open and closed endotracheal suction systems on the results of the smear and bacterial culture in patients under mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit.Methods: The present study was performed on 52 patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Patients were selected by convenience sampling method, and randomly divided into open and closed suction groups. Samples of patients' tracheal secretions were collected before the intervention and 72 hours later by minibal method under completely sterile conditions. Samples sent to the laboratory were incubated in a special culture medium at 37 °C for 24 hours; then the plates were examined in two groups and the results were compared.Findings: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups of open and closed suction in terms of the results of microbial culture of tracheal secretions. In the open suction group, 96.3% and in the closed suction group, 92% had positive culture results. In addition, the microbial strain of Acinetobacter had the highest prevalence in both open and closed suction groups, with 40.7% and 40.0%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of Gram-positive and Gram-negative masses in respiratory secretions.Conclusion: There is no significant difference between open and closed endotracheal suctioning for endotracheal culture results, Gram positive and negative masses and bacterial types, and one system could not be preferred over the other.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_16215_030862565f5882a522a10504b2c90dc9.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Isfahan Medical School1027-75953963120210823The Evidence of Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of CancerThe Evidence of Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Cancer4924951621610.22122/jims.v39i631.14218FAAdelehKhodabakhshiAssistant Professor, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran0000-0002-2666-9795Journal Article20210610According to the mitochondrial metabolic theory, cancers could be considered as metabolic diseases. Consequently, cancer cells will become more reliant on glycolysis. It has been suggested that cancer metabolic therapies, including ketogenic diets (KD), may be useful among others. Emerging evidence indicates that KD can reduce glucose availability for tumor cells, while simultaneously elevating ketone bodies as a non-fermentable metabolic fuel for healthy cells. Due to mitochondrial dysfunction, most cancer cells cannot use ketone bodies, and they can be toxic to some cancer cells. KD limit the growth of cancer cells without adverse effect on normal cells. The results of clinical studies show the positive effect of ketogenic diet on cancer. However, further double-blind clinical trials with proper designs are needed to investigate this hypothesis that KD can be routinely used as a therapeutic procedure in patients with cancer.According to the mitochondrial metabolic theory, cancers could be considered as metabolic diseases. Consequently, cancer cells will become more reliant on glycolysis. It has been suggested that cancer metabolic therapies, including ketogenic diets (KD), may be useful among others. Emerging evidence indicates that KD can reduce glucose availability for tumor cells, while simultaneously elevating ketone bodies as a non-fermentable metabolic fuel for healthy cells. Due to mitochondrial dysfunction, most cancer cells cannot use ketone bodies, and they can be toxic to some cancer cells. KD limit the growth of cancer cells without adverse effect on normal cells. The results of clinical studies show the positive effect of ketogenic diet on cancer. However, further double-blind clinical trials with proper designs are needed to investigate this hypothesis that KD can be routinely used as a therapeutic procedure in patients with cancer.https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_16216_7773ceea46ef8c457d0f6af32db4e51b.pdf