پیرگوشی: از دانش کنونی تا چشم‌اندازهای آینده‌ی درمان

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی پژوهشی، مرکز تحقیقات گوش، گلو، بینی، سر و گردن، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه ژنتیک پزشکی، پژوهشگاه ملی مهندسی ژنتیک و زیست فن‌آوری، تهران، ایران

3 استاد، مرکز تحقیقات گوش، گلو، بینی، سر و گردن، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

کاهش شنوایی حسی- عصبی پیش‌رونده در طی افزایش سن، پیرگوشی نامیده می‌شود. پیرگوشی، یکی از شایع‌ترین بیماری‌های مزمن کهن‌سالی است. این بیماری، به دلیل پیشرفت آرام و شیوع بالا، اغلب ناچیز شمرده می‌شود. همراهی عوامل محیطی با ژن‌های مستعد کننده از طریق آسیب به سلول‌های ناحیه‌ی حلزون گوش، مسؤول ایجاد این بیماری هستند. این سلول‌ها، توانایی بازسازی را از دست داده‌اند. در نتیجه، پیرگوشی غیر قابل برگشت است و درمانی ندارد. پیرگوشی، به مرور بر روی ارتباطات افراد تأثیر می‌گذارد و ثمره‌ی آن وابستگی، انزوا، ناامیدی و در نهایت کاهش کیفیت زندگی فرد بیمار و اطرافیانش خواهد بود. این اختلال، بار اجتماعی- اقتصادی زیادی را بر سلامت عمومی دارد. تمرکز بر رویکردهای زیست‌پزشکی جدید از قبیل سلول و ژن‌درمانی و پزشکی بازساختی، امیدهای جدیدی را برای درمان این بیماری ایجاد کرده است. به دلیل روند رو به رشد جمعیت پیر، شیوع پیرگوشی نیز رو به افزایش است. از این رو، هم اکنون باید به فکر تصمیم‌گیری برای مواجهه با این امر بود. این تنها راه برای افزایش کیفیت زندگی جمعیت کهن‌سال آینده است که منجر به صرفه‌جویی اقتصادی و ارتقای سلامت گوش نیز می‌شود. در این مقاله، با هدف پررنگ کردن اهمیت بیماری و نشان دادن نیاز برای انجام تحقیقات منسجم بر روی مکانیسم‌های درون سلولی ایجاد بیماری، به منظورتشخیص به موقع، مداخله‌ی مؤثر و درمان بیماری، به جنبه‌های مختلف بیماری از علل ایجاد آن تا چشم‌اندازهای درمانی پرداخته می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Presbycusis: From Current Knowledge to Future Treatment Prospects

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masoumeh Falah 1
  • Massoud Houshmand 2
  • Mohammad Farhadi 3
1 PhD Student, ENT and Head and neck Research Center and Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
3 Professor, ENT and Head and neck Research Center and Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Presbycusis is the progressive sensorineural hearing loss during aging and is one of the most common chronic diseases of the elderly. Due to slow progress and high prevalence, it is usually underestimated. Collaboration of environmental factor and susceptibility genes by inducing cochlear cell death is responsible for it. These cells lose the ability of regeneration, so presbycusis is irreversible and doesn’t have a treatment. Presbycusis slowly affects communication skills, so may lead to dependency, isolation, and frustration and will reduce quality of life of patients and those surrounding them. It has a great social and economic impact on public health. Focus on new biomedical approaches such as cell and gene therapy and regenerative medicine created new hope for treatment. Because of the growing elderly population, the prevalence of presbycusis will raise higher. Right now we should make a decision to deal with this growing population. It’s the only way to increase the quality of life of future elderly and also lead to economic savings and promoting ear health. Here we review the different aspect of presbycusis from risk factors to future treatment view. With the aim of highlighting the importance of disease and demonstrating the need for research on intracellular mechanisms of presbycusis in order to finding early diagnosis, effective intervention and treatment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Presbycusis
  • Risk Factor
  • Treatment
  • Cell death

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مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
دوره 34، شماره 382 - شماره پیاپی 382
خرداد و تیر 1395
صفحه 526-535

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 16 اسفند 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 11 آبان 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 فروردین 1401

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