کاربردهای بالینی فن‌آوری کپسولاسیون سلولی در انتقال دارو و سلول

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه بیوتکنولوژی دارویی، دانشکده‌ی داروسازی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه بیوتکنولوژی دارویی، دانشکده‌ی داروسازی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: کپسوله کردن سلول، روشی است که به منظور محبوس کردن سلول‌ها در داخل پلیمرهای نیمه‌تراوا استفاده می‌شود. به دلیل نیمه‌تراوا بودن این پلیمرها، اکسیژن و مواد مغذی مورد نیاز سلول‌ها می‌توانند عبور کنند، اما سلول‌های سیستم ایمنی که می‌توانند سبب رد سلول‌های پیوند شده شوند، قادر به عبور نمی‌باشند. از زمان ابداع مفهوم کپسولاسیون سلولی، بسیاری از دانشمندان از این فن‌آوری بیوتکنولوژی به عنوان یک جایگزین امیدوار کننده برای محافظت از سلول‌های پیوندی در مقابل پاسخ ایمنی میزبان یاد می‌کنند. انگیزه‌ی اصلی ایجاد این روش، غلبه بر مشکلات موجود در رد پیوند است و در نتیجه، نیاز به استفاده‌ی طولانی مدت از داروهای سرکوب کننده‌ی سیستم ایمنی پس از پیوند عضو کاهش می‌یابد. در این مقاله، با جستجو در مقالات منتشر شده سعی شد مرور گذرایی بر تکنولوژی کپسولاسیون سلولی و کاربردهای آن در زمینه‌ی انتقال دارو و سلول جهت کاربردهای درمانی انجام شود.روش‌ها: جستجوی سایت Pubmed به منظور یافتن مقالات مرتبط انجام شد. تنها از مقالات انگلیسی استفاده شد.یافته‌ها: جنبه‌های مختلف تکنیک کپسولاسیون سلول در زمینه‌ی درمان بیماری‌ها، پیش‌زمینه‌ی تاریخی، یافته‌های پژوهشی و پارامترهای مهم دخیل در این روش، به صورت اجمالی بررسی شده است.نتیجه‌گیری: ویژگی‌های فن‌آوری کپسوله کردن سلول‌ها این اجازه را می‌دهد که بتوان از این فن‌آوری زیستی برای دارورسانی یا تحویل سلول استفاده کرد. در فن‌آوری کپسولاسیون سلولی، سلول‌های کپسوله شده، به عنوان کارخانه‌های سنتز کننده‌ی مولکول‌های درمانی مورد نظر عمل می‌کنند. با نگاه به آینده، انتظار می‌رود سلول‌درمانی با استفاده از کپسوله کردن سلول‌ها در داخل پلیمرهای نیمه‌تراوا، به طور قابل توجهی پیشرفت نماید. پتانسیل ذاتی و اثربخشی این تکنیک در زمینه‌ی محبوس‌سازی سلول‌ها با رونق گرفتن مهندسی بافت و پزشکی احیا کننده، به طور چشم‌گیری افزایش خواهد یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Clinical Applications of Cell Encapsulation Technology in Cell and Drug Delivery

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Ghavimi 1
  • Vajihe Akbari 2
1 PhD Student, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background: Cell encapsulation is a method of entrapping cells in a semi-permeable polymer that allows influx of oxygen and nutrients, but effectively avoids immune cells and antibodies from reaching the graft, preventing rejection. Since the invention of cell encapsulation technology, many researchers bet on this biotechnology as a promising alternative to protect encapsulated cells from host immune response. The main purpose of technology is to solve the existing problem of transplant rejection and thus decrease the necessity of long-term use of immunosuppressant drugs after an organ transplant to reduce adverse effects. We carried out a search of published literature to review current information regarding cell encapsulation technology and how this technology could improve cell and drug delivery for therapeutic applications.Methods: A computer-based literature search was performed using PubMed for relevant publications. Only English-language papers were considered.Findings: Current concepts of cell encapsulation technology including a historical perspective, its application for the treatment of diseases, research findings, and important parameters involved in this technique were discussed.Conclusion: Different features of this technique would allow widening the applications from drug delivery to cell delivery. In this way, enclosed cells work as customized factories, synthesizing and releasing the desired therapeutic factor. Looking forward to the future, this technology is expected to evolve significantly. The substantial potential of cell encapsulation has increased with the boom in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cell encapsulation
  • Drug delivery
  • Cell delivery
  • Regenartaive medicine

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مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
دوره 34، شماره 375 - شماره پیاپی 375
فروردین و اردیبهشت 1395
صفحه 259-269

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 08 اسفند 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 11 آبان 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 فروردین 1401

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