بررسی فراوانی Apnea‌ی انسدادی وابسته به وضعیت (Positional) بر حسب عوامل پایه و بالینی در بیماران مبتلا به Apnea‌ی انسدادی خواب

نوع مقاله : مقاله های پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، بخش ریه، بیمارستان خورشید، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان و مرکز تحقیقات تنفس و خواب بامداد، اصفهان، ایران

2 استاد، بخش ریه، مرکز تحقیقات تنفس و خواب بامداد و گروه داخلی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

3 استاد، گروه پزشکی اجتماعی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

4 دانشجوی پزشکی، کمیته‌ی تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

 مقاله پژوهشیمقدمه:این مطالعه‌ به ارزیابی شیوع فراوانی و ‌شدت Apneaی وضعیتی در مبتلایان به Apneaی انسدادی خواب (Obstructive sleep apnea یا OSA) پرداخت.روش‌ها: در این مطالعه‌ی مقطعی آینده‌نگر، 130 نفر از بیماران مبتلا‌ به OSA مراجعه ‌کننده به مرکز تحقیقات بیماری‌های خواب ‌بامداد اصفهان در سال‌های 96-1395 بررسی شدند. اطلاعات‌ دموگرافیک و بالینی و نوع Apneaی بیماران (وضعیتی و غیر وضعیتی) و نتایج پلی‌سومنوگرافی در چک‌لیست ثبت‌ و تجزیه و تحلیل آماری شد.یافته‌ها: از 130 بیمار مبتلا ‌به OSA، 8/70 درصد به Apneaی غیروضعیتی و 2/29 درصد به Apneaی وضعیتی [4 نفر (1/3 درصد) در زیر گروه ‌1، 12 نفر (2/9 درصد) در زیر گروه ‌2 و 22 نفر (9/16 درصد) در زیرگروه ‌3] مبتلا بودند. عواملی نظیر نمایه‌ی توده‌ی بدنی، شاخص Apnea-Hypopnea (Apnea-hypopnea index یا HI‌A) طاق‌باز و به‌پهلو، تعداد‌ دفعات Apnea در طول ‌خواب و تعداد دفعات ‌افت ‌درصد اشباع ‌اکسیژن بین سه زیر گروه Apneaی وضعیتی و Apneaی غیروضعیتی اختلاف‌ معنی‌داری ‌داشتند (050/0 > P).نتیجه‌گیری: مطابق با نتایج مطالعه‌ی حاضر، می‌توان گفت AHI کلی و در حالت طاق‌باز و به‌پهلو در بیماران Positional obstructive sleep apnea (POSA) نسبت به بیماران Non-POSA بیشتر بوده است؛ به طوری که نشان داده شده که بیماران با OSA شدید، بیشتر احتمال دارد که POSA‌ داشته باشند. بنابراین، با شناسایی زودهنگام این بیماری، می‌توان با درمان‌های راحت و قابل اجرایی نظیر تغییر وضعیت خواب، این بیماری را در سطوح اولیه کنترل و درمان نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Frequency of Positional Obstructive Sleep Apnea (POSA) in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Differences in Demographic and Clinical Characteristics

نویسندگان [English]

  • Forogh Soltaninejad 1
  • Babak Amra 2
  • Ziba Farajzadegan 3
  • Hamidreza Khodaveisi 4
1 Assistant Professor, Pulmonary Ward, Khorshid Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences AND Bamdad Respiratory and Sleep Research Center, Isfahan, Iran
2 Professor, Pulmonary Ward, Bamdad Respiratory and Sleep Research Center AND Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
4 Student of Medicine, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of positional obstructive apnea among the patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and its difference in terms of clinical and baseline factors in patients.Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 130 patients with OSA referred to Bamdad Respiratory and Sleep Research Center, Isfahan, Iran, during the years 2016-17. The demographics and clinical data and apnea type (positional or non-positional), as well as polysomnography test results were recorded using a checklist and statistically analyzed.Findings: From 130 patients with OSA, 70.8% had non-positional apnea, and 29.2% had positional apnea, 4 (1.3%) in subgroup 1, 12 (9.2%) in subgroup 2, and 22 ones (16.9%) in subgroup 3. Factors such as body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.026), supine and non-supine apnea hypopnea index (AHI) (P < 0.001), number of apnea during sleep (P = 033.03), and frequency of decrease in O2 saturation (P = 0.017) among the three subgroups of positional apnea were statistically different from the group with non-positional apnea.Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that total and supine and non-supine AHI were higher in patients with positional obstructive sleep apnea (POSA) rather than those with non-POSA. As patients with severe OSA were more likely to have POSA. Therefore, with early detection of the disease, it can be controlled and treated at an early stage with convenient and applicable treatments such as changing sleep position.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Obstructive sleep apnea
  • Positional obstructive sleep apnea
  • Apnea hypopnea index
  • Body Mass Index
  1. Chokroverty S, Ferini-Strambi L. Oxford textbook of sleep disorders. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 2017.
  2. Lee SA, Paek JH, Chung YS, Kim WS. Clinical features in patients with positional obstructive sleep apnea according to its subtypes. Sleep Breath 2017; 21(1): 109-17.
  3. Young T, Palta M, Dempsey J, Skatrud J, Weber S, Badr S. The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults. N Engl J Med 1993; 328(17): 1230-5.
  4. Stradling JR. Sleep-related breathing disorders. 1. Obstructive sleep apnoea: Definitions, epidemiology, and natural history. Thorax 1995; 50(6): 683-9.
  5. Mador MJ, Kufel TJ, Magalang UJ, Rajesh SK, Watwe V, Grant BJ. Prevalence of positional sleep apnea in patients undergoing polysomnography. Chest 2005; 128(4): 2130-7.
  6. Riha RL, Diefenbach K, Jennum P, McNicholas WT. Genetic aspects of hypertension and metabolic disease in the obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome. Sleep Med Rev 2008; 12(1): 49-63.
  7. Molnar MZ, Szentkiralyi A, Lindner A, Czira ME, Szabo A, Mucsi I, et al. High prevalence of patients with a high risk for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome after kidney transplantation--association with declining renal function. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007; 22(9): 2686-92.
  8. Oksenberg A, Silverberg DS, Arons E, Radwan H. Positional vs nonpositional obstructive sleep apnea patients: anthropomorphic, nocturnal polysomnographic, and multiple sleep latency test data. Chest 1997; 112(3): 629-39.
  9. Johnson DA, Thomas SJ, Abdalla M, Yano Y, Guo N, Ruesuchman M, et al. Association between sleep apnea and blood pressure control among African-Americans, the Jackson Heart Study. Circulation 2018; 137: AP348.
  10. Sharma SK, Agrawal S, Damodaran D, Sreenivas V, Kadhiravan T, Lakshmy R, et al. CPAP for the metabolic syndrome in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. N Engl J Med 2011; 365(24): 2277-86.
  11. Skomro RP, Gjevre J, Reid J, McNab B, Ghosh S, Stiles M, et al. Outcomes of home-based diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. Chest 2010; 138(2): 257-63.
  12. Kribbs NB, Pack AI, Kline LR, Smith PL, Schwartz AR, Schubert NM, et al. Objective measurement of patterns of nasal CPAP use by patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993; 147(4): 887-95.
  13. Chirinos Medina J, Gurubhagavatula I, Teff K, Rader DJ, Wadden TA, Townsend R, et al. CPAP, weight loss, or both for obstructive sleep apnea. N Engl J Med 2014; 370(24): 2265–75.
  14. Ferguson KA, Ono T, Lowe AA, Keenan SP, Fleetham JA. A randomized crossover study of an oral appliance vs nasal-continuous positive airway pressure in the treatment of mild-moderate obstructive sleep apnea. Chest 1996; 109(5): 1269-75.
  15. Aurora RN, Casey KR, Kristo D, Auerbach S, Bista SR, Chowdhuri S, et al. Practice parameters for the surgical modifications of the upper airway for obstructive sleep apnea in adults. Sleep 2010; 33(10): 1408-13.
  16. Joosten SA, O'Driscoll DM, Berger PJ, Hamilton GS. Supine position related obstructive sleep apnea in adults: Pathogenesis and treatment. Sleep Med Rev 2014; 18(1): 7-17.
  17. Permut I, Diaz-Abad M, Chatila W, Crocetti J, Gaughan JP, D'Alonzo GE, et al. Comparison of positional therapy to CPAP in patients with positional obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med 2010; 6(3): 238-43.
  18. Jordan AS, McSharry DG, Malhotra A. Adult obstructive sleep apnoea. Lancet 2014; 383(9918): 736-47.
  19. Alzoghaibi MA, Bahammam AS. The effect of one night of continuous positive airway pressure therapy on oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in hypertensive patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2012; 16(2): 499-504.
  20. Lam JC, Lam B, Lam CL, Fong D, Wang JK, Tse HF, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea and the metabolic syndrome in community-based Chinese adults in Hong Kong. Respir Med 2006; 100(6): 980-7.
  21. Bidarian-Moniri A, Nilsson M, Rasmusson L, Attia J, Ejnell H. The effect of the prone sleeping position on obstructive sleep apnoea. Acta Otolaryngol 2015; 135(1): 79-84.
  22. Cartwright RD. Effect of sleep position on sleep apnea severity. Sleep 1984; 7(2): 110-4.
  23. Marklund M, Persson M, Franklin KA. Treatment success with a mandibular advancement device is related to supine-dependent sleep apnea. Chest 1998; 114(6): 1630-5.
  24. Frank MH, Ravesloot MJ, van Maanen JP, Verhagen E, de LJ, de Vries N. Positional OSA part 1: Towards a clinical classification system for position-dependent obstructive sleep apnoea. Sleep Breath 2015; 19(2): 473-80.