نگرش دانشجویان پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بوشهر نسبت به روان‌پزشکی‌ و تمایل آن‌ها برای ادامه‌ی تحصیل در این رشته

نوع مقاله : مقاله های پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، مرکز تحقیقات علوم رفتاری، گروه روان‌پزشکی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 دانشیار، مرکز تحقیقات آموزش پزشکی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

3 دکترای حرفه ای پزشکی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

4 استادیار، گروه بیوشیمی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بوشهر، بوشهر، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: نگرش و میزان رقبت دانشجویان پزشکی به ادامه‌ی تحصیل در رشته‌ی روانپزشکی با بی‌مهری و کم توجهی پژوهشگران ایرانی روبرو شده است. هدف مطالعه‌ی حاضر، مقایسه‌ی نگرش دانشجویان پزشکی دختر و پسر و رابطه‌ی آن با تمایل آن‌ها برای ادامه‌ی تحصیل در این رشته بود.روش‌ها: در این مطالعه‌ی مقطعی– میدانی کلیه‌ی 220 دانشجوی پزشکی غیر میهمان مشغول به تحصیل دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بوشهر در سال تحصیلی 90-1389 به کمک مقیاس خودایفای «نگرش به روان‌پزشکی» (30Attitude toward psychiatry  یا 30ATP-) غربال شدند. این ابزار با 29 گویه و شش مؤلفه‌ نحوه‌ی نگرش و یک گویه‌ی جداگانه‌، علاقه‌ی فرد برای انتخاب این تخصص را بر اساس مقیاس کیفی پنج درجه‌ای لیکرت ارزیابی کرد. ضریب پایایی مجدد آن (آلفای کرونباخ) 75/0 بود. نرخ پاسخ افراد حدود 67 درصد (148 نفر) بود که 82 نفر در مقطع علوم پایه، 38 نفر کارآموز، و بقیه‌ی 28 نفر کارورز بودند. داده‌های خام به کمک SPSS نسخه‌ی 16 بررسی شد و با توجه به توزیع نرمال جمعیت و داده‌ها، آزمون‌های تحلیلی مانند Student-t و ANOVA همراه با آزمون تعقیبی Tukey و Linear regrssion اجرا گردید.یافته‌ها: دانشجویان دختر مقاطع کارآموز و کارورز (اینترن) از نگرش مطلوب‌تری نسبت به همتایان پسر برخوردار بودند و متعاقب آن تمایل آن‌ها نیز برای انتخاب این رشته‌ی تخصصی برای ادامه‌ی تحصیل بالاتر بود. دانشجویان علوم پایه نسبت به دیگر دانشجویان نیز نگرش مطلوب‌تری نسبت به روان‌پزشکی‌ داشتند. در این رابطه دانشجویان علوم پایه، کارورز و کارآموز (بالینی) به ترتیب بیشترین تمایل برای ادامه‌ی تحصیل در رشته‌ی روان‌پزشکی را داشتند. نتایج آزمون تعقیبی Tukey مؤید وجود تفاوت معنی‌دار آماری بین دانشجویان علوم پایه و کارورزان در مؤلفه‌ی مزایای روان‌پزشکی بود. آزمون رگرسیون خطی نشان داد که از بین همه‌ی مؤلفه‌های مقیاس نگرش، مؤلفه‌های «مزایای روان‌پزشکی»‌، «توانمندی روان‌پزشکی»‌، «ایفای نقش و کارکرد روان‌پزشکی»‌ و «پاداش فردی و فرصت شغلی روان‌پزشکی»‌ سهم اصلی در شکل گیری نگرش دانشجویان سه مقطع نسبت به روان‌پزشکی‌ داشتند، اما لازم به ذکر است این مؤلفه‌‌ها تنها توانستند 32 درصد پدیده‌ی تمایل به انتخاب روان‌پزشکی را تبیین نمایند.نتیجه‌گیری: هر چند شکل گیری نگرش دانشجویان دختر و پسر نسبت به روان‌پزشکی تا حدودی تابع جنسیت افراد بود، ولی ملاحظات اجتماعی، فرهنگی و گروهی نقش مهم‌تری داشت و در عمل جنسیت نقش کارسازی نداشت. مشاهدات ما در این مطالعه این چنین القا می‌کنند که در گزینش متقاضیان رشته‌ی روان‌پزشکی ضمن توجه به ملاحظات جنسیتی، نگرش و انگیزه‌‌‌های افراد متقاضی مد نظر قرار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Attitude of Medical Students in Boushehr University of Medical Sciences towards Psychiatry as A Course and A Future Career

نویسندگان [English]

  • Gholamreza Ghasemi Toudehskchuie 1
  • Alireza Yousefi 2
  • Alireza Sanati 3
  • Ali Movahed 4
1 Associate Professor, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Medical Education Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
3 General Practitioner, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Boushehr University of Medical Sciences, Boushehr, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background: There is a dearth of literature in the Iranian context about medical students' attitude to­wards psychiatry and their desire to choose psychiatry as a career in future. Commonalities and differences in the attitude of male and female medical students' attitudes towards psychiatry and their interest in psychiatry were the theme of this study.Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, we screened the entire 220 medical students registered at Booshehr University of Medical Sciences, Iran, during the academic year of 2011-12. The 29-item attitude towards psychiatry scale (ATP-30) by Burra et al. was used for assessments. A Cronbach's alpha of 0.07 confirmed the reliability of the scale. About 67% of the students (n = 148), including 82 pre-clinical, 38 clinical, and 28 internship students, showed their cooperation by returning the completed questionnaires. We used SPSS16 to process the data by running descriptive and analytical tests including student-t test, one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) along with Tukey's post hoc test, and linear regression.Findings: Female students at the pre-clinical and internship levels and male students at clinical level held more positive attitude toward psychiatry as compared to their counterparts at each level. Students at the pre-clinical level followed by those at clinical and internship levels showed more interest in persuading psychiatry as a career. Among all six sub-scales of ATP-30, "overall merits of psychiatry", "efficacy of psychiatry", "role defini­tion and functioning of psychiatrists" and "career and personal rewards" turn out as the significant predictors of students' interest in psychiatry, yielding an R square value of 0.32. Conclusion: Gender differences play a key role in formulating medical students' attitude towards psy­chiatry. However, they are subjected to a galaxy of social, familial, economic and situational considerations. Assessment of candidates' attitude towards psychiatry at the time of admission and preference for female candidates is imperative.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Attitude towards psychiatry
  • Preference for psychiatry
  • Medical students
  • Gender
  • Iran

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مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
دوره 29، شماره 170 - شماره پیاپی 170
بهمن و اسفند 1390
صفحه 2672-2686

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 26 مهر 1390
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 11 آبان 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 فروردین 1401

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