مروری بر اسید نوکلئیک پپتیدی: ساختار، خصوصیات و کاربردها

فرخی فرد, عارف; خیراللهی, مجید

مروری بر اسید نوکلئیک پپتیدی: ساختار، خصوصیات و کاربردها

نوع مقاله : Review Article

نویسندگان

¹ دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، مرکز تحقیقات بیماری‌های ارثی کودکان و گروه بیولوژی مولکولی و علوم تشریح، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی و کمیته‌ی تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

² استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات بیماری‌های ارثی کودکان و گروه بیولوژی مولکولی و علوم تشریح، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

چندین دهه است که موضوع آنالوگ‌های اسید‌های نوکلئیک توجه برخی دانشمندان علم بیولوژی را به خود معطوف نموده است. برخی از این مولکول‌های صناعی به عنوان ابزارهای قدرتمندی در بیولوژی مولکولی و بیوتکنولوژی، مورد توجه ویژه قرار گرفته‌اند. چهار دسته‌ی عمده‌ی این آنالوگ‌های صناعی عبارت از زنونوکلئیک اسید (XNA یا Xeno nucleic acid)، مورفولینو (Morpholino) و اسید نوکلئیک قفل شده (LNA یا Locked nucleic acid) و نوکلئیک اسید پپتیدی (PNA یاPeptide nucleic acid) که دسته‌ی چهارم این آنالوگ‌ها بود و در این میان، جایگاه برجسته‌ای دارد. PNA، پلیمری است از واحدهای ان-آمینو اتیل گلایسین که به هر یک از این واحدها بازهای پورین/ پیریمیدین اتصال یافته است. این پلیمر، خصوصیات پپتیدها و اسیدهای نوکلئیک را توأمان دارد و قادر است به طور اختصاصی به نوکلئیک اسیدهای طبیعی یا PNA‌های دیگر، هیبرید شود که این ویژگی و دیگر خصوصیات ویژه‌ی این مولکول باعث به کارگیری آن در بسیاری از روش‌های بیولوژی مولکولی در زمینه‌ی تشخیص و درمان بیماری‌ها شده است. در این مقاله، ساختار، خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی و کاربردهای زیست پزشکی PNA شرح داده می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

An Overview of Peptide Nucleic Acids: Structure, Properties, and Applications

نویسندگان [English]

Aref Farrokhifard ¹
Majid Kheirollahi ²

¹ MSc Student, Pediatrics Inherited Diseases Research Center And Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine AND Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

² Assistant Professor, Pediatrics Inherited Diseases Research Center And Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

چکیده [English]

For decades, nucleic acid analogues have been emerged in molecular biology. Some of these analogues are powerful bimolecular tools in biotechnology. Among the four major classes of these synthetic molecules (XNA: xenonucleic acid, LNA: locked nucleic acid, PNA: peptide nucleic acid and morpholino), PNA is the most important. In PNA, N-aminoethyle glycine units (to which purine/pyrimidine bases have been attached), are joined together to form an achiral and peptide-like structure that mimics the behavior of DNA and can hybridize to nucleic acid and to other PNA in sequence specific manner. Because of its unique physicochemical properties, PNA in many cases prefers over natural oligonucleotide and therefore, have been exploited in some strategies and methods in the field of diagnostics and therapy. In this review, we describe the structure, biochemical properties, and biomedical applications of PNA.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Peptide Nucleic Acids
Structure
Biochemical properties
Biomedical applications

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