Lukkarinen H, Hentinen M. Treatments of coronary artery disease improve quality of life in the long term. Nurs Res 2006; 55(1): 26-33.
Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby P. Braunwald's heart disease e-book: A textbook of cardiovascular medicine. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2011.
Jakobsen CJ, Bille S, Ahlburg P, Rybro L, Hjortholm K, Andresen EB. Perioperative metoprolol reduces the frequency of atrial fibrillation after thoracotomy for lung resection. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1997; 11(6): 746-51.
Kimball TH, Monte E, Fischer M, Mahajan A, Vondriska TM. Differentially methylated CpGs identify patients at risk of post-operative atrial Fibrillation after cardiopulmonary bypass. Circulation 2016; 134(Suppl 1): A19954.
Perrier S, Meyer N, Hoang MT, Announe T, Bentz J, Billaud P, et al. Predictors of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting: a bayesian analysis. Ann Thorac Surg 2017; 103(1): 92-7.
Demircan C, Cikriklar HI, Engindeniz Z, Cebicci H, Atar N, Guler V, et al. Comparison of the effectiveness of intravenous diltiazem and metoprolol in the management of rapid ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation. Emerg Med J 2005; 22(6): 411-4.
Shantsila E, Watson T, Lip GY. Atrial fibrillation post-cardiac surgery: Changing perspectives. Curr Med Res Opin 2006; 22(8): 1437-41.
Dave S, Nirgude A, Gujjar P, Sharma R. Incidence and risk factors for development of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. Indian J Anaesth 2018; 62(11): 887-91.
Halonen J, Hakala T, Auvinen T, Karjalainen J, Turpeinen A, Uusaro A, et al. Intravenous administration of metoprolol is more effective than oral administration in the prevention of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery. Circulation 2006; 114(1 Suppl): I1-I4.
Katzung BG, Masters SB, Trevor AJ. Basic and clinical pharmacology. 13th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 2015.
Ryden L, Ariniego R, Arnman K, Herlitz J, Hjalmarson A, Holmberg S, et al. A double-blind trial of metoprolol in acute myocardial infarction. Effects on ventricular tachyarrhythmias. N Engl J Med 1983; 308(11): 614-8.
Omorphos S, Hanif M, Dunning J. Are prophylactic beta-blockers of benefit in reducing the incidence of AF following coronary bypass surgery? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2004; 3(4): 641-6.
Ramos F. Is sotalol a better choice over metoprolol for atrial fibrillation prophylaxis post coronary artery bypass graft surgery? [Thesis]. Forest Grove, OR: School of Physician Assistant Studies, Pacific University; 2021.
Lucio EA, Flores A, Blacher C, Leaes PE, Lucchese FA, Ribeiro JP. Effectiveness of metoprolol in preventing atrial fibrillation and flutter in the postoperative period of coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Arq Bras Cardiol 2004; 82(1): 42-1.
Benfield P, Clissold SP, Brogden RN. Metoprolol. An updated review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy, in hypertension, ischaemic heart disease and related cardiovascular disorders. Drugs 1986; 31(5): 376-429.
Kamali A, Hosseini A, Sharifi M, Pazuki S. A comparative study of the effect of metoral and magnesium prophylactic in controlling atrial fibrillation after coronary arteries bypass operation. Biomedical Research 2017; 28(19): 8449-53.
Zi J, Fan Y, Dong C, Zhao Y, Li D, Tan Q. Anxiety administrated by dexmedetomidine to prevent new-onset of postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft. Int Heart J 2020; 61(2): 263-72.
Skiba MA, Pick AW, Chaudhuri K, Bailey M, Krum H, Kwa LJ, et al. Prophylaxis against atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: beneficial effect of perioperative metoprolol. Heart Lung Circ 2013; 22(8): 627-33.
Candan S, Pirat A, Aldemir D, Sezgin A, Turkoglu S, Arslan G. Myocardial protective effects of metoprolol and diltiazem given during cardiopulmonary bypass: A-191. Eur J Anaesth 2004; 21(Suppl 32): 48.