بررسی همبستگی هوش هیجانی و مؤلفه‌های آن با افسردگی پس از زایمان

مجدالاسلامی, الناز; دولتیان, ماهرخ; شمس, جمال; قاسمی, عرفان

بررسی همبستگی هوش هیجانی و مؤلفه‌های آن با افسردگی پس از زایمان

نوع مقاله : مقاله های پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مامایی و بهداشت باروری، دانشکده‌ی پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

² استادیار، گروه مامایی و بهداشت باروری، دانشکده‌ی پرستاری و مامایی شهید بهشتی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

³ دانشیار، گروه روان‌پزشکی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

⁴ دانشجوی دکتری، گروه آمار زیستی، دانشکده‌ی پیراپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: افسردگی، مهم‌ترین اختلال روانی پس از زایمان است و مقابله با آن، به سطح بالایی از راهبردهای مبارزه با استرس و حل مسأله نیاز دارد که مدیریت آن‌ها با هوش هیجانی است. این مطالعه، با هدف تعیین همبستگی هوش هیجانی و مؤلفه‌های آن با افسردگی پس از زایمان انجام گردید.روش‌ها: در این مطالعه‌ی توصیفی- همبستگی، 190 زن باردار مراجعه کننده به مراکز بهداشتی سبزوار در سال 1395 دارای مشخصاتی نظیر ملیت ایرانی، داشتن سواد، سن 40-15 سال، عدم حاملگی پر خطر، متأهل و عدم زایمان زودرس، به روش نمونه‌گیری سهمیه‌ای انتخاب شدند. ابزارها شامل پرسش‌نامه‌ی مشخصات دموگرافیک و مامایی، پرسش‌نامه‌ی افسردگی Beck، پرسش‌نامه‌ی Edinburgh و پرسش‌نامه‌ی هوش هیجانی Bar-On بود. پرسش‌نامه‌ی Edinburgh، 4-1 ماه بعد از زایمان و سایر پرسش‌نامه‌ها در سه ماه آخر بارداری تکمیل شدند. داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS و آزمون‌های آماری Two-sample t، ANOVA، Regression خطی و همبستگی Pearson در سطح معنی‌داری 050/0 > P تجزیه و تحلیل شدند.یافته‌ها: میانگین سنی مادران 49/5 ± 58/27 سال بود. 0/55 درصد هوش هیجانی بالا و 7/21 درصد افسردگی پس از زایمان داشتند. میزان افسردگی در خانم‌های با حمایت عاطفی زیاد و خیلی زیاد، کمتر از خانم‌های با حمایت عاطفی متوسط بود (046/0 = P). بین نمره‌ی پرسش‌نامه‌ی Beck (001/0 > P)، مدت زمان ازدواج مادر (041/0 = P) و فاصله‌ی زایمان فعلی از زایمان قبلی مادر (029/0 = P) با افسردگی پس از زایمان رابطه‌ی آماری مثبت و معنی‌داری مشاهده شد. بین هوش هیجانی و مؤلفه‌های آن با افسردگی پس از زایمان، همبستگی منفی و معنی‌داری وجود داشت (51/0- = R، 001/0 > P).نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج مطالعه و آموزش پذیر بودن هوش هیجانی، به نظر می‌رسد که می‌توان با تعیین نمره‌ی هوش هیجانی مادران قبل از زایمان و افزایش آن از طریق برنامه‌های آموزشی، میزان افسردگی بعد از زایمان را کاهش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Correlation between Emotional Intelligence and its Components with Postpartum Depression

نویسندگان [English]

Elnaz Mjdoleslami ¹
Mahrokh Dolatian ²
Jamal Shams ³
Erfan Ghasemi ⁴

¹ MSc Student, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

² Assistant Professor, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

³ Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

⁴ PhD Candidate, Department of Biostatistics, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Background: Depression is a major postpartum mental disorder. Coping with depression needs a high level of coping and problem solving strategies named emotional intelligence. This study aimed to determine the correlation of emotional intelligence and its components with postpartum depression.Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, 190 pregnant women presenting to health centers in Sabzevar City, Iran, in 2016, who met the inclusion criteria as Iranian nationality, literacy, age of 15-40 years, lack of high-risk pregnancies, married, and lack of preterm delivery were selected via quota sampling. Data collection instruments were demographic-obstetric questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Bar-On Emotional Intelligence. Inventories were completed in the last trimester of pregnancy and the Edinburgh scale was filled two months after childbirth. Data were analyzed using two-sample t-test, variance analysis, linear regression and Pearson’s correlation via SPSS software at the significance level of 0.05.Findings: Mothers’ mean age was 27.58 ± 5.49 years, 55% of them had high emotional intelligence, and 21.7% had postpartum depression. Depression was less prevalent in women with higher affective support than those with moderate affective support (P = 0.046). Beck score (P < 0.001), mother's married duration (P = 0.041), and the distance between current and previous pregnancies (P = 0.029) had significant and positive correlation with postpartum depression. Emotional intelligence and its components had a significant and negative correlation with postpartum depression (P < 0.001; R = -0.51).Conclusion: Considering the findings and the fact that emotional intelligence can be taught, it is recommended that mothers' emotional intelligence score be determined before delivery, and postpartum depression be reduced by increasing emotional intelligence score through training programs and appropriate method.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Emotional Intelligence
Postpartum depression
Education

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