طراحی و بررسی کارایی ابزار مخصوص سنجش کیفیت زندگی وابسته به سلامت در سالمندان

اسحاقی, سید رضا; زمانی, ندا

طراحی و بررسی کارایی ابزار مخصوص سنجش کیفیت زندگی وابسته به سلامت در سالمندان

نوع مقاله : مقاله های پژوهشی

نویسندگان

استادیار، گروه پزشکی اجتماعی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: پیشرفت‌های پزشکی و بهداشتی باعث کاهش مرگ و میر و افزایش نسبی طول عمر انسان‌ها شده و جمعیت جهان و ایران به سوی کهن‌سالی رو به حرکت است. کیفیت زندگی وابسته به سلامت، به دلیل قابلیت آن در توانایی فرد در انجام وظایف روزمره‌ی زندگی، احساس سلامتی عمومی و تأثیر عوامل مختلف جسمی، روانی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی در آن از اهمیت والایی برخوردار می‌باشد. جهت مداخله در کیفیت زندگی وابسته به سلامت و اصلاح آن، نیازمند ابزار سنجش کیفیت زندگی هستیم.روش‌ها: این مطالعه‌ی ترکیبی جهت ابزارسازی در شهر اصفهان انجام شد. پس از بررسی پرسش‌نامه‌های مشابه و مصاحبه با سالمندان و کارشناسان خبره، بانک سؤالات تهیه و پرسش‌نامه‌ی اولیه ساخته شد و با ویرایش و کاهش تعداد، نهایی گردید. سپس انواع مختلف روایی آن با پرسش‌گری از 174 سالمند سالم و 56 سالمند بیمار، که به طور آسان انتخاب شدند، محاسبه گردید؛ پایایی درونی توسط ضریب آلفای کرونباخ و پایایی برونی با انجام آزمون- بازآزمون بر روی 20 سالمند با نمونه‌گیری آسان تعیین شد. برای کاهش داده‌ها از فاکتور آنالیز، روش مؤلفه‌های اصلی استفاده گردید.یافته‌ها: پرسش‌نامه‌ی سنجش کیفیت زندگی وابسته به سلامت در سالمندان دارای 4 سؤال در حیطه‌ی وضعیت سلامت جسمانی و فعالیت‌های روزانه، 7 سؤال در حیطه‌ی وضعیت سلامت روان، 2 سؤال در حیطه‌ی وضعیت سلامت اجتماعی و ارتباطات بین فردی و 2 سؤال در حیطه‌ی وضعیت اقتصادی طراحی شد. روایی محتوایی، صوری و ساختاری (همگرا و افتراقی) آن تأیید و ضریب آلفای کرونباخ برابر 3/72 درصد محاسبه شد.نتیجه‌گیری: این ابزار با توجه به خلاصه بودن، تعداد کم سؤالات، سادگی جملات و همچنین روایی و پایایی مناسب، قابل استفاده در جمعیت سالمندان بوده، می‌تواند جهت سنجش کیفیت زندگی و ریزی سلامت آن‌ها به کار گرفته شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Design and Evaluation of A Health Related Questionaire in Elderly

نویسندگان [English]

Sayed Reza Ishaghi
Neda Zamani

Assistant Professor of Community Medicine,First place on the specialized board in the country

چکیده [English]

Background: As medicl cares improve and mortality rates decrease, an increase in elderly population is seen. These people need more attention for their health status. Among the different aspects of health, quality of life has a special importance, because of its ability to performance of daily life duties, general health emotion, and also effect of different physical, psychology, social and economic causes on it. This study aimed to design and validate a questionnaire to measure health related quality of life in Iranian elderly.Methods: This triangulation study was developed in Isfahan city, Iran in 2008-9. An item pool was developed based on semi-structured interviews with some elder people and some experts in geriatics, literature review, and other quality of life questionnaires. We used principal component analysis and focus group methodology to reduce the items and assessment the face, construct, and content validity. Internal reliability was estimated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.Findings: The finalised questionnaire contained 15 items and 4 dimensions including psycholosy, physical, social, and economic status. The validity was confirmed by experts and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 72.3%.Conclusion: The prepared quality of life questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument and will enable researchers to investigate quality of life patterns in the elderly and to assess the impact of interventions of quality of life change in this population. The instrument warrants further testing and development with different elderly populations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Questionnaire
Elderly
Quality of Life
Validity
Reliability

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