تأثیر آموزش تغذیه بر اساس مدل BASNEF بر رفتارهای تغذیه‌ای و شاخص‌های کنترل قند خون بیماران سالمند مبتلا به دیابت نوع 2

نوع مقاله : مقاله های پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد آموزش بهداشت، گروه آموزش بهداشت و ارتقای سلامت، دانشکده‌ی بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 استاد، آموزش بهداشت و ارتقای سلامت، دانشکده‌ی بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

3 مربی، گروه آمار و اپیدمیولوژی، دانشکده‌ی بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

4 دانشیار، مرکز تحقیقات امنیت غذایی و گروه تغذیه‌ی جامعه، دانشکده‌ی تغذیه و علوم غذایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: مطالعه‌ی حاضر با هدف بررسی اثربخشی مدل BASNEF (باور‌ها، نگرش‌ها، هنجار‌های انتزاعی و عوامل قادر کننده) در آموزش تغذیه به سالمندان (≥ 60 سال) مبتلا به دیابت نوع 2 انجام پذیرفت.روش‌ها: در این مطالعه 100 نفر سالمند دیابتی به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه مداخله و شاهد تقسیم شدند. اطلاعات هر دو گروه به صورت مشابه و در دو زمان قبل و 3 ماه پس از مداخله‌ی آموزشی جمع‌آوری گردید. مداخله‌ی آموزش تغذیه در گروه مداخله بر اساس نیازسنجی اولیه و سازه‌های مدل BASNEF انجام شد و نتایج به وسیله‌ی آزمون‌های 2χ، Student-t و Paired-t مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت.یافته‌ها: میانگین نمره‌ی آگاهی و متغیرهای اجزای مدل BASNEF در گروه مداخله بهبود معنی‌داری نشان ‌داد (001/0 > P). علاوه بر آن، مقایسه‌ی رفتارهای تغذیه‌ای 3 ماه پس از مداخله‌ی آموزشی نیز حاکی از بهبود معنی‌دار در گروه مداخله بود. میانگین سهم روزانه‌ی دریافت گروه غذایی میوه و سبزیجات در گروه مداخله‌ افزایش یافت (001/0 > P). مقایسه‌ی میزان قند خون ناشتا و هموگلوبین گلیکوزیله در گروه مداخله کاهش معنی‌داری را (به ترتیب 5/19 میلی‌گرم در دسی‌لیتر و 36/0 درصد) نشان داد.نتیجه‌گیری: مداخله‌ی آموزش تغذیه بر اساس مدل BASNEF علاوه بر بهبود آگاهی و نگرش سالمندان مبتلا به دیابت نوع 2، سبب بهبود رفتار‌های تغذیه‌ای آنان نیز شد که ‌این امر در مدت 3 ماهه‌ی مداخله‌ی آموزشی موجب بهبود در شاخص‌های کنترل قند خون نیز گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Nutrition Education on Nutritional Behaviors and Glycemic Control Indices Based on BASNEF Model among Elderly with Type 2 Diabetes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Arash Najimi 1
  • Gholamreza Sharifirad 2
  • Akbar Hasanzadeh 3
  • Leila Azadbakht 4
1 Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
3 Lecturer, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of nutrition education program based on the BASNEF (Belief, Attitude, Subjective Norm and Enabling Factors) model among elderly subjects above 60 years old with type 2 diabetes.Methods: In this study, 100 diabetic elderly (≥ 60 years) patients were divided into intervention and control groups randomly. Data of control and intervention groups was collected in two stages, before intervention and 12 weeks after intervention. Intervention of nutritional education was performed based on baseline assessment and BASNEF model. Finally, data were analyzed by using χ2, Student’s t and paired t-test.Findings: Our findings indicated that mean scores of knowledge and BASNEF model variables were significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the controls after intervention (P < 0.001). Also, behavioral nutrition improved significantly. The number of serving’s intake, regarding the fruit and vegetable, has been increased significantly in the intervention group (P < 0.001). HbA1c and fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels decreased significantly in the intervention group (-0.36% and 19.5 mg/dl, respectively).  Conclusion: BASNEF–based nutrition education intervention led to improve nutritional behaviors in addition to improve knowledge and attitude of diabetic elderly and it led to improve indices of glucose control during 3-month intervention. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nutrition education
  • BASNEF model
  • Metabolic indexes
  • Elderly
  • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
دوره 29، شماره 155 - شماره پیاپی 155
مهر و آبان 1390
صفحه 1389-1400

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 23 اسفند 1389
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 11 آبان 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 فروردین 1401

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