ریتالین و عوارض ناشی از سوء مصرف آن

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجو، گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکده‌ی روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران

2 دانش‌آموز، دبیرستان تیزهوشان فرزانگان، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات سلولی و مولکولی و گروه علوم تشریح، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران

4 استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات سلولی و مولکولی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

5 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکده‌ی روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران

6 دانشیار، مرکز تحقیقات سلولی و مولکولی و گروه علوم تشریح، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

ریتالین یک متیل فنیدیت و محرک دستگاه عصبی است. اثرات فارماکولوژیک آن تا حدی شبیه آمفتامین‌ها می‌باشد و به صورت قرص‌ و کپسول‌ در کودکان و در بعضی آسیب‌های مغزی استفاده می‌شود. این ماده مؤثرترین و رایج‌ترین دارو در درمان بیش‌فعالی به شمار می‌رود و سال‌هاست که برای کودکان مبتلا تجویز می‌شود. با این حال، پتانسیل سوء مصرف آن بالا است و در بعضی از اقشار مانند دانشجویان و دانش‌آموزان به منظور افزایش تمرکز و با هدف موفقیت در امتحانات مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد. مصرف دز بالا و به ویژه استفاده‌ی استنشاقی و از طریق بینی و تزریق وریدی آن، می‌تواند عوارض متعددی را ایجاد نماید. استفاده‌ی استنشاقی ریتالین عوارضی شبیه مصرف کوکائین و آمفتامین دارد و عوارض عصبی آن می‌تواند شامل تحریک‌پذیری و رفتارهای پرخطر، پارانویا و سایکوز باشد. در بعضی مدل‌های حیوانی نیز صدمات ساختمانی دستگاه عصبی و برخی ارگان‌ها گزارش شده است. با توجه به این که ریتالین به عنوان بهترین دارو در درمان کودکان مبتلا به بیش‌فعالی مطرح است و پتانسیل سوء مصرف بالایی هم دارد، لازم است کنترل و نظارت زیادی در توزیع و مصرف آن برای افراد تحت درمان وجود داشته باشد و همچنین، از توزیع نابه‌جای آن ممانعت به عمل آید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Ritalin Abuse and its Complications

نویسندگان [English]

  • َAmir Reza Katebi 1
  • Yasmina Katebi 2
  • Ronak Shabani 3
  • Akram Alizadeh 4
  • Mani Rafiee 5
  • Mansoureh Soleimani 6
1 Student, Department of Psychology, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
2 Student, Farzanegan Gifted-Scholars High School-1, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Cellular and Molecular Research Center AND Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
5 PhD Student, Department of Psychology, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
6 Associate Professor, Cellular and Molecular Research Center AND Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Ritalin is a methylphenidate and a stimulant of the nervous system. Its Pharmacological effects are similar to amphetamines. Ritalin is used in hyperactive children and in some cases of brain trauma usually in the form of tablets. It has been the most effective and common drug for treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) for years. Ritalin has a high potential for abuse, particularly in some students use it to increase focus in order to success in exams. Use of high-dose Ritalin via intravenous and inhalation or intranasal administration can cause many complications similar to cocaine and amphetamine. These complications include violent behavior, hallucinations, hyperexcitability, irritability, panic, and psychosis. In some animal models, structural damage to the nervous system and other organs has been reported. So, distribution and usage of Ritalin should accurately be controlled and monitored to prevent its abuse.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Methylphenidate
  • Amphetamine
  • Substance Abuse

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مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
دوره 35، شماره 420 - شماره پیاپی 420
فروردین و اردیبهشت 1396
صفحه 170-176

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 27 دی 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 11 آبان 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 فروردین 1401

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