عوامل تسهیل کننده و بازدارنده‌ی کاهش وزن در نوجوانان مبتلا به اضافه وزن و چاقی: یک مطالعه‌ی کیفی

نوع مقاله : مقاله های پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، مرکز تحقیقات قلب کودکان، پژوهشکده‌ی قلب وعروق، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 استاد، مرکز تحقیقات قلب کودکان، پژوهشکده‌ی قلب وعروق، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

3 کارشناس ارشد آموزش بهداشت، مرکز تحقیقات قلب کودکان، پژوهشکده‌ی قلب وعروق، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

4 استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات مراقبت‌های پرستاری و مامایی، دانشکده‌ی پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

5 استاد، مرکز تحقیقات پرفشاری خون، پژوهشکده‌ی قلب و عروق، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

6 استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات قلب و عروق اصفهان، پژوهشکده‌ی قلب و عروق، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

مقاله پژوهشی




مقدمه: با توجه به شیوع روزافزون اضافه وزن و چاقی در نوجوانان و همراهی آن با بیماری‌های مزمن، این مطالعه با هدف بررسی عوامل تسهیل‌کننده و بازدارنده‌ی کاهش وزن در نوجوانان مبتلا به اضافه وزن و چاقی انجام گرفت.
روش‌ها: این مطالعه‌ی کیفی، به صورت مصاحبه‌ی فردی با 12 نفر از نوجوانان 12 تا 18 سال موفق و ناموفق در کاهش وزن، از درمانگاه مرکز تحقیقات قلب کودکان در پژوهشکده‌ی قلب و عروق اصفهان در سال 1398 انجام گرفت. روش نمونه‌گیری به صورت هدفمند و از روش تجزیه و تحلیل کیفی جهت آنالیز داده‌ها استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: در مطالعه‌ی حاضر، 7 طبقه شامل اراده و پشتکار، حمایت و تشویق اطرافیان، گرایش به زیبایی، عدم تعجیل برای رسیدن به نتیجه، فعالیت بدنی کافی، درک معایب چاقی و فواید کاهش وزن به عنوان عوامل تسهیل‌کننده و 7 طبقه شامل باورهای غلط، عدم همکاری خانواده در اصلاح سبک زندگی، عدم اطلاع از عوارض چاقی، نگرانی از ایجاد محدودیت در رژیم غذایی، اولویت تحصیل در خانواده، عدم مدیریت و نظارت بر بوفه‌ی مدارس، رفتارهای نادرست والدین در برخورد با نوجوانان مبتلا به اضافه وزن و چاقی و آسیب‌های روانی آن‌ها به عنوان مهم‌ترین عوامل بازدارنده‌ی کاهش وزن نام برده شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد، عوامل فردی، محیطی، خانوادگی و تعامل بین آن‌ها، نقش مهمی در کاهش وزن نوجوانان دارد. از این نتایج می‌توان در برنامه‌ریزی‌های ارتقاء سلامت با هدف ترویج سبک زندگی سالم و پیشگیری از اضافه وزن و چاقی در نوجوانان استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Facilitating and Impeding Factors in Successful Weight Loss among the Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity: A Qualitative Study

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Ahmadi 1
  • Mohammad Reza Sabri 2
  • Zohreh Sadat Navabi 3
  • Maryam Eghbali-Babadi 4
  • Alireza Khosravi 5
  • Noushin Mohammadifard 6
1 Associate Professor, Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2 Professor, Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
3 MSc of Health Education, Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
5 Professor, Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
6 Assistant Professor, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background: As overweight and obesity in children and adolescents continue to increase, this study was designed to explore the factors that facilitate or hinder weight control in obese and overweight adolescents.
Methods: This qualitative study was conducted as a personal interview with 12 adolescents aged between
12 and 18 years who succeeded in losing weight and those who did not, from the clinic at the Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center at the Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, in 2019. We used a purposeful sampling method and a qualitative analysis method to analyze the data.
Findings: Seven categories consisting of willpower and perseverance, support and encouragement of others, tendencies to beauty, lack of a rush to achieve results, adequate physical activity, understanding the disadvantages of obesity, and understanding the benefits of weight loss were identified as facilitating factors in this study. Seven other factors were reported as obstacles of weight loss, including misconceptions,  lack of family cooperation in lifestyle modification, lack of awareness about the effects of obesity, concern about dietary restrictions, lack of management and supervision of school cafeterias, parental misbehavior in handling adolescents with overweight or obesity, and their psychological damages.
Conclusion: The results of the present study show that in order to bring adolescents to the ideal weight, individual, environmental and familial factors and the interaction between them should be considered. The findings of this study could be used by health officials and policymakers to develop programs to prevent and control overweight and overcome obesity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Weight loss
  • Adolescent
  • Obesity
  • Overweight
  • Qualitative research

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مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
دوره 40، شماره 680
هفته 4 شهریورماه
مرداد و شهریور 1401
صفحه 539-549

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 23 شهریور 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 23 شهریور 1401

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