Placenta with Two Amniotic Membranes in Singleton Pregnancy: A Case-Report

Document Type : Case Report

Authors

1 Instructor, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran

2 Instructor, Department of Midwifery, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran

3 Deputy of Research and Technology, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran

4 PhD Student in Reproductive Biology, Department of Midwifery, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran

Abstract

Background: Remaining the placenta and membranes is one of the risk factors for postpartum bleeding and puerperal infection. It is valuable to get familiar with the anatomy of the placenta and identify its variants to manage postpartum bleeding and puerperal infections caused by the remaining placenta and membranes. The placenta comprises three main parts: a placental disc, a three-vessel umbilical cord, and two extraplacental membranes (amnion and chorion). An amnion is a thin membrane lacking blood vessels and nerves that includes the chorionic plate and, its vessels and the fetus. There is no report on a placenta with two attached amniotic membranes in singleton pregnancy.
Case Report: This paper reports a placenta related to a baby boy from a singleton pregnancy with three fetal membranes (two attached amniotic layers and a chorionic layer).
Conclusion: In the clinical examination of the placenta, it is important to be aware of the variant of the membranes so that we can prevent possible bleeding and infection after delivery due to the retention of pregnancy products. There is also no report on the variant of membranes, so possible consequences are unknown.

Highlights

Ellahe Bahrami-Vazir: Google Scholar، PubMed

Raheleh Asali: Google Scholar

Mahboobeh Ghorbani: Google Scholar

Farzaneh Khodabandeh: Google Scholar، PubMed

Keywords

Main Subjects


  1. Spiel M, Salahuddin S, Pernicone E, Zsengeller Z, Wang A, Modest AM, et al. Placental soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase expression in small for gestational age infants and risk for adverse outcomes. Placenta 2017; 52: 10-16.
  2. Tiwari V, Manik P, Pankaj AK, Pandey A, Rani A. Study of shape of placenta and its relation to placental weight in normal and diabetic pregnancies. Int J Multidisc Res Dev 2015; 2: 666-9.
  3. Menon, R, Richardson LS, Lappas M. Fetal membrane architecture, aging and inflammation in
    pregnancy and parturition. Placenta 2019; 79: 40-5.
  4. Menon, R, Behnia, F, Polettini J, Richardson LS. Novel pathways of inflammation in human fetal membranes associated with preterm birth and preterm pre-labor rupture of the membranes. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42(4): 431-50.
  5. Strauss JF. Extracellular matrix dynamics and fetal membrane rupture. Reprod Sci 2013; 20(2): 140-53.
  6. Sheldon WR, Blum J, Vogel JP, Souza JP, Gülmezoglu AM, Winikoff B, et al. Postpartum haemorrhage management, risks, and maternal outcomes: findings from the World Health Organization Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health. BJOG 2014; 121(Suppl): 5-13.
  7. Karimi F, Shahbakhsh F, Nourouzi-Chegani S, Alipour J. Causes of maternal mortalities in educational hospitals of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences with ICD-MM approach from 2011 to 2018 [in Persian]. Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility 2021; 23(12): 35-45.
  8. Yetter JF. Examination of the placenta. Am Fam Physician 1998; 57(5): 1045-54.
  9. Ziaee F, Karimi FZ, Mirteimouri M, Mansouri Ghezel Hesari E. A case report of placenta fenestrate [in Persian]. IJOGI 2021; 24(9): 93-6.