بررسی شیوع آلودگی به کوکسیدی‌ها و تخم کرم‌ها در نمونه‌های خاک اماکن عمومی شهر اصفهان در سال‌های 95-1394

نوع مقاله : مقاله های پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه قارچ و انگل‌شناسی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 گروه قارچ و انگل‌شناسی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه قارچ و انگل‌شناسی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: آلودگی خاک با انگل‌ها به منزله‌ی یک خطر جدی و مهم برای ایجاد عفونت‌های انگلی در انسان و حیوانات می‌باشد. به دلیل اهمیت خاک به عنوان یک منبع مهم در انتقال انگل‌ها به انسان و حیوانات، این مطالعه جهت تعیین شیوع اشکال مختلف انگل‌ها مانند اووسیت و تخم انجام گرفت.روش‌ها: 150 نمونه‌ی خاک از 150نقطه از اماکن عمومی شهر اصفهان جمع‌آوری گردید. جداسازی انگل از خاک، با استفاده از محلول اشباع نیترات سدیم انجام گرفت. سپس، نمونه‌ها زیر میکروسکوپ بررسی شدند و ایزوله‌های مثبت، جهت انجام اسپورولاسیون و تشخیص بهتر اووسیت‌ها، در دی‌کرومات پتاسیم 3 درصد ریخته شدند. تمامی ایزوله‌ها برای بررسی تکمیلی با رنگ‌آمیزی‌های اختصاصی Acid-fast رنگ‌آمیزی و بررسی شدند.یافته‌ها: از تعداد 150 ایزوله، تعداد 84 نمونه، مثبت و سایر نمونه‌ها فاقد هر گونه آلودگی بودند. تعداد 33 ایزوله به طور هم‌زمان واجد چند آلودگی بودند. از مجموع ایزوله‌ها 2 نمونه دارای اووسیت Toxoplasma gondii، 12 نمونه دارای اووسیت Isospora، 6 نمونه آلوده به اووسیت Eimeria، 10 نمونه دارای اووسیت Cryptosporidium، 13 نمونه دارای تخم Toxocara canis، 6 نمونه دارای تخم Toxocara cati، 4 نمونه دارای تخم Toxascaris leonina و 65 نمونه نیز دارای لارو نماتودهای خاک‌زی بودند.نتیجه‌گیری: خاک به عنوان یک منبع بالقوه مهم در انتقال آلودگی‌های انگلی محسوب می‌گردد. بهداشت و جلوگیری از آلودگی محیط خاک مهم است. بر اساس یافته‌های مطالعه‌ی حاضر، درصد انگل‌های موجود در خاک شهر اصفهان کاهش قابل توجهی یافته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Prevalence of Coccidians and Helminthes Ova in Soil Samples from Public Places in Isfahan City, Iran, 2016

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farnaz Heshmat 1
  • Hossein Ali Yousefi 2
  • Sepideh Tolouei 2
  • Nader Pestehchian 3
1 MSc Student, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2 Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background: Soil contamination with parasites is a serious risk for parasitic infections in humans and animals. Because of the importance of soil, as an important source for transmission of parasites to humans and animals, this study was carried out to determine the prevalence of various forms of parasite oocytes and helminthes ova.Methods: A total of 150 soil samples were collected from 150 sites in public places of Isfahan City, Iran, in 2016. Isolation of parasites from the soil was performed by saturated solution of sodium nitrate. Then, the samples were observed under microscope and positive isolates to sporulation and better recognize, were poured in 3% potassium dichromate. All the isolates were studied for further investigations with acid-fast specific staining.Findings: from 150 samples, 84 were positive and the rest were free of any contamination. 33 samples had multiple simultaneous contaminations. 2 samples were positive for Toxoplasma gondii oocytes, 12 samples for Isospora sp. oocytes, 6 samples for Eimeria sp. oocytes, 10 samples for  Cryptosporidium sp. oocytes, 13 samples for Toxocara canis oocytes, 6 samples for Toxocara cati oocytes, 4 samples for Toxascaris leoninaoocytes, and 65 samples for larvae of soil nematodes.Conclusion: Soil is considered as an important potential source in transmission of parasitic infections. Environmental hygiene is required for prevention of soil pollution and control of soil-borne parasitic infections especially. According to our study, the prevalence of parasites in the soil is decreased.Background: Soil contamination with parasites is a serious risk for parasitic infections in humans and animals. Because of the importance of soil, as an important source for transmission of parasites to humans and animals, this study was carried out to determine the prevalence of various forms of parasite oocytes and helminthes ova.Methods: A total of 150 soil samples were collected from 150 sites in public places of Isfahan City, Iran, in 2016. Isolation of parasites from the soil was performed by saturated solution of sodium nitrate. Then, the samples were observed under microscope and positive isolates to sporulation and better recognize, were poured in 3% potassium dichromate. All the isolates were studied for further investigations with acid-fast specific staining.Findings: from 150 samples, 84 were positive and the rest were free of any contamination. 33 samples had multiple simultaneous contaminations. 2 samples were positive for Toxoplasma gondii oocytes, 12 samples for Isospora sp. oocytes, 6 samples for Eimeria sp. oocytes, 10 samples for  Cryptosporidium sp. oocytes, 13 samples for Toxocara canis oocytes, 6 samples for Toxocara cati oocytes, 4 samples for Toxascaris leonina oocytes, and 65 samples for larvae of soil nematodes.Conclusion: Soil is considered as an important potential source in transmission of parasitic infections. Environmental hygiene is required for prevention of soil pollution and control of soil-borne parasitic infections especially. According to our study, the prevalence of parasites in the soil is decreased.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Prevalence
  • Coccidia
  • Helminth
  • Ova
  • Soil
  • Iran

مراجع

  1. Adam RD. Biology of Giardia lamblia. Clin Microbiol Rev 2001; 14(3): 447-75.
  2. Mandarino-Pereira A, de Souza FS, Lopes CW, Pereira MJ. Prevalence of parasites in soil and dog feces according to diagnostic tests. Vet Parasitol 2010; 170(1-2): 176-81.
  3. Tavalla M, Oormazdi H, Akhlaghi L, Razmjou E, Lakeh MM, Shojaee S, et al. Prevalence of parasites in soil samples in Tehran public places. Afr J Biotechnol 2012; 11(20): 4575-8.
  4. Nunes CM, Sinhorini IL, Ogassawara S. Influence of soil texture in the recovery of Toxocara canis eggs by a flotation method. Vet Parasitol 1994; 53(3-4): 269-74.
  5. Lindsay DS, Dubey JP, Blagburn BL. Biology of Isospora spp. from humans, nonhuman primates, and domestic animals. Clin Microbiol Rev 1997; 10(1): 19-34.
  6. Ud DN, Torka P, Hutchison RE, Riddell SW, Wright J, Gajra A. Severe Isospora (Cystoisospora) belli Diarrhea Preceding the Diagnosis of Human T-Cell-Leukemia-Virus-1-Associated T-Cell Lymphoma. Case Rep Infect Dis 2012; 2012: 640104.
  7. Glickman LT, Schantz PM. Epidemiology and pathogenesis of zoonotic toxocariasis. Epidemiol Rev 1981; 3: 230-50.
  8. Mizgajska H. The role of some environmental factors in the contamination of soil with Toxocara spp. and other geohelminth eggs. Parasitol Int 1997; 46(1): 67-72.
  9. Sponseller JK, Griffiths JK, Tzipori S. The evolution of respiratory Cryptosporidiosis: evidence for transmission by inhalation. Clin Microbiol Rev 2014; 27(3): 575-86.
  10. Allen PC, Fetterer RH. Recent advances in biology and immunobiology of Eimeria species and in diagnosis and control of infection with these coccidian parasites of poultry. Clin Microbiol Rev 2002; 15(1): 58-65.
  11. Gharavi MJ. Clinical protozoology. 4th ed. Tehran, Iran: Mirmah Publications; 2011. [In Persian].
  12. Sreekumar C, Vianna MC, Hill DE, Miska KB, Lindquist A, Dubey JP. Differential detection of Hammondia hammondi from Toxoplasma gondii using polymerase chain reaction. Parasitol Int 2005; 54(4): 267-9.
  13. Buxton D, Rodger S. Toxoplasmosis and neosporosis. In: Aitken I, editor. Diseases of sheep. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell; 2008. p. 112-8.
  14. Tenter AM, Heckeroth AR, Weiss LM. Toxoplasma gondii: from animals to humans. Int J Parasitol 2000; 30(12-13): 1217-58.
  15. Wallace GD. The role of the cat in the natural history of Toxoplasma gondii. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1973; 22(3): 313-22.
  16. Mohaghegh MA, Jafari R, Ghomashlooyan M, Mirzaei F, Azami M, Falahati M, et al. Soil contamination with oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp. in Isfahan, Central Iran. Int J Enteric Pathog 2015; 3(3): 3-29105.
  17. Ghomashlooyan M, Falahati M, Mohaghegh MA, Jafari R, Mirzaei F, Kalani H, et al. Soil contamination with Toxocara spp. eggs in the public parks of Isfahan City, central Iran. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease 2015; 5: S93-S95.
  18. Tavalla M, Oormazdi H, Akhlaghi L, Shojaee S, Razmjou E, Hadighi R, et al. Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from soil samples in Tehran, Iran. Iran J Parasitol 2013; 8(2): 227-33.
  19. Aspinall TV, Guy EC, Roberts KE, Joynson DH, Hyde JE, Sims PF. Molecular evidence for multiple Toxoplasma gondii infections in individual patients in England and Wales: public health implications. Int J Parasitol 2003; 33(1): 97-103.
  20. Dubey JP, Jenkins MC, Thayer DW, Kwok OC, Shen SK. Killing of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts by irradiation and protective immunity induced by vaccination with irradiated oocysts. J Parasitol 1996; 82(5): 724-7.
  21. Dubey JP, Thayer DW, Speer CA, Shen SK. Effect of gamma irradiation on unsporulated and sporulated Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. Int J Parasitol 1998; 28(3): 369-75.
  22. Ruiz A, Frenkel JK. Intermediate and transport hosts of Toxoplasma gondii in Costa Rica. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1980; 29(6): 1161-6.
  23. Aramini JJ, Stephen C, Dubey JP, Engelstoft C, Schwantje H, Ribble CS. Potential contamination of drinking water with Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. Epidemiol Infect 1999; 122(2): 305-15.
  24. Zibaei M, Abdollahpour F, Birjandi M, Firoozeh F. Soil contamination with Toxocara spp. eggs in the public parks from three areas of Khorram Abad, Iran. Nepal Med Coll J 2010; 12(2): 63-5.
  25. Maraghi S, Mazhab JK, Sadjjadi SM, Latifi SM, Zibaei M. Study on the contamination of Abadan public parks soil with Toxocara spp. eggs. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2014; 12: 86.
  26. Khazan H, Khazaei M, Tabaee SS, Mehrabi A. Prevalence of Toxocara Spp. eggs in Public Parks in Tehran City, Iran. Iran J Parasitol 2012; 7(3): 38-42.
  27. Motazedian H, Mehrabani D, Tabatabaee SH, Pakniat A, Tavalali M. Prevalence of helminth ova in soil samples from public places in Shiraz. East Mediterr Health J 2006; 12(5): 562-5.
  28. Berenji F, Movahedi Rudy AG, Fata A, Tavassoli M, Mousavi BM, Salehi SG. Soil Contamination with Toxocara Spp. eggs in public parks of Mashhad and Khaf, north east of Iran. Iran J Parasitol 2015; 10(2): 286-9.
  29. Pestechian N, Rasouli A, Yoosefi HA. Distribution of intestinal worms among stray dogs in Isfahan, Iran. J Isfahan Med Sch 2012; 29(172): 2827-33. [In Persian].
مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
دوره 35، شماره 431 - شماره پیاپی 431
خرداد و تیر 1396
صفحه 577-582

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 27 بهمن 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 11 آبان 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 فروردین 1401

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار