تأثیر فعالیت بدنی منظم بر سلامت روان سالمندان شهرکرد

مرتضوی, سیده صالحه; افتخار اردبیلی, حسن; اسحاقی, سید رضا; درعلی, رضا; شاه سیاه, مرضیه; بطلانی, سعیده

تأثیر فعالیت بدنی منظم بر سلامت روان سالمندان شهرکرد

نوع مقاله : مقاله های پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ کارشناس ارشد، گروه ارتقای سلامت، دانشکده‌ی بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران

² استاد، گروه ارتقای سلامت، دانشکده‌ی بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران و مرکز پژوهش‌های سلامت مبتنی بر مشارکت جامعه، تهران، ایران

³ دانشیار، گروه پزشکی اجتماعی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

⁴ پزشک عمومی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

⁵ کارشناس ارشد، گروه مشاوره‌ی خانواده، دانشکده‌ی بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قم، قم، ایران

⁶ کارشناس ارشد، گروه مشاوره‌ی خانواده، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

چکیدهمقدمه: سالمندی جمعیت، در حالی که از بزرگترین موفقیت های بشری است، یکی از اساسی ترین مشکلات جهان امروز نیز به شمار می رود؛ چرا که افراد سالمند در معرض خطر بسیاری از بیماریها و ناتوانیها هستند. اختلالات روحی و روانی نظیر دمانس و افسردگی نیز در افراد سالمند شایع است. تحرک، یکی از موثرترین روش های پیشگیری از اختلالات دوران سالمندی است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تاثیر فعالیت بدنی منظم بر سلامت روان سالمندان انجام شده است.مواد و روشها: در این مطالعه نیمه تجربی، 400 سالمند 60 سال و بالاتر به طور تصادفی انتخاب و به روش Random allocation به دو گروه مداخله و کنترل تقسیم شدند.. گروه مداخله به دلیل مشکلات اجرایی به دو گروه انجام تمرینات بدنی در کلاس بصورت گروهی (85n=) و انجام تمرینات بصورت انفرادی در منزل ( 96=n) تقسیم شدند. تمرینات بدنی به مدت 8 هفته، هفته ای دو بار، هر بار 30 تا 45 دقیقه، در گروه مداخله اجرا شد. قبل، بعد و همچنین سه ماه بعد از مداخله، هر دو گروه پرسشنامه سلامت عمومی (GHQ-28)را تکمیل نمودند. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها بوسیله نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 11.5 صورت گرفت.یافته ها: میانگین جمع نمرات حاصل از کل پرسشنامه سلامت عمومی پس از انجام مداخله در گروه آزمایش، بطور قابل ملاحظه ای نسبت به قبل کاهش یافته (از 8 به 8/4) و این تغییرات پایداری خود را حفظ کرده است (میانگین سه ماه پس از مداخله: 6/5) که از نظر آماری نیز معنی دار می باشد (P<0/001). در هر یک از چهار خرده مقیاس جسمانی سازی علایم، اضطراب، اختلال عملکرد اجتماعی و افسردگی نیز، میانگین نمرات پس از مداخله کاهش معنی داری داشته و تغییرات ایجاد شده پایدار می باشد. از سویی مطابق یافته های پژوهش حاضر، تاثیر فعالیت بدنی به صورت گروهی بر سلامت روان و چهار خرده مقیاس آن، بیشتر از انجام آن به صورت انفرادی می باشد.نتیجه گیری: بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش انجام تمرینات بدنی به عنوان یک استراتژی مهم جهت حفظ و افزایش سلامت روانی به شمار می رود؛ با این وجود برای تاثیر بیشتر این مهم، بهتر است شرایطی فراهم گردد که سالمندان به صورت گروهی و بویژه با همسالان به انجام تمرینات بدنی بپردازند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effectiveness of Regular Physical Activity on Mental Health in Elderly

نویسندگان [English]

Seyedeh Salehe Mortazavi ¹
Hassan Eftekhar Ardebili ²
Seyed Reza Eshaghi ³
Reza Dorali Beni ⁴
Marzieh Shahsiah ⁵
Saeedeh Botlani ⁶

¹ Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

² Professor, Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Center for Community-Based Participatory Research, Tehran, Iran

³ Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

⁴ General Practitioner, School of Medicine ,Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

⁵ Department of Family Counseling, School of Public Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran

⁶ Department of Family Counseling, The University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Background: The world population is aging rapidly. Therefore, the social, financial and health consequences of increasing longevity cannot be ignored. In addition to increased age-related physical illnesses, this demographic change will also lead to an increased number of mental health problems. Thus, any health promotion approach that could facilitate introduction of effective primary, secondary and even tertiary prevention strategies in old age psychiatry would be of significant importance. This paper explored physical activity as one of the possible health promotion strategies with positive effects on mental health in later life.Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 372 male and female individuals aged 60 years and older were randomly allocated into case and control groups. An exercise program (two 30-45 minute sessions weekly for 2 months) was assigned to the case group. However, some practical problems divided the subjects in the case group into two subgroups of individual physical activity (n = 96) and group physical activity (n = 85). The 28-item general health questionnaire (GHQ-28) was administered in order to obtain information on mental health. The questionnaire was completed before, immediately and 3 months after the intervention. The data was analyzed by chi-square test, paired t-test and independent t-test in SPSS11.5.Findings: In the case group, the mean of GHQ total scores decreased immediately after the intervention (8 ± 5.5 vs. 5.6 ± 5.1). The changes remained significant after 3 months (the mean after 3 months = 5.6; P < .001). The scores of GHQ subscales including somatization, anxiety, social dysfunction and depression decreased in the case group and all changes remained significant after 3 months. In addition, there were significant differences in mental health benefits between subjects with group physical activity and those with individual physical activity, i.e. doing exercise with a group was determined to be more effective. Conclusion: This study showed physical activity as an effective intervention which significantly improved mental health in older adults. However, performing physical activity in a group of individuals with the same age would have more benefits.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Mental Health
Aging
Physical Activity
GHQ-28

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