مقایسه‌‌ی کارکردهای اجرایی در مصرف کنندگان شیشه، هروئین و افراد هنجار

صالحی, مهرداد; افشار, حمید; مقتدائی, کمال; تسلیمی, مهشید; سلامت, منصوره; ابراهیمی, آسیه

مقایسه‌‌ی کارکردهای اجرایی در مصرف کنندگان شیشه، هروئین و افراد هنجار

نوع مقاله : مقاله های پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دانشیار، مرکز تحقیقات روان تنی و مرکز تحقیقات علوم رفتاری، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

² کارشناس ارشد، مرکز تحقیقات روان تنی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

³ پژوهشگر، مرکز تحقیقات روان تنی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

⁴ کارشناس ارشد، گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

⁵ کارشناس ارشد، گروه روانسنجی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: سوء مصرف مواد؛ به عنوان مشکلی جهانی و یک بیماری مغزی شناخته شده است. هدف از این پژوهش، مقایسه‌ی کارکردهای اجرایی در مصرف کنندگان هروئین و شیشه و گروه شاهد بود.روش‌ها: پژوهش حاضر مطالعه‌ای از نوع پس رویدادی است. روش نمونه‌گیری دو گروه شیشه و هروئین به صورت هدفمند بود و گروه شاهد به صورت تصادفی انتخاب شدند. جامعه‌ی آماری این پژوهش شامل مصرف کنندگان شیشه و هروئین در شهر اصفهان در سال 1391 بود که به مراکز درمانی، نگهداری (کمپ) و کلینیک‌های روانپزشکی و ترک اعتیاد شهر اصفهان مراجعه می‌نمودند. در نهایت، 75 نفر در سه گروه شیشه (25 نفر)، هروئین (25 نفر) و گروه شاهد (25 نفر) با توجه به معیارهای وابستگی به مواد DSM-IV-TR (Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders- text revision) انتخاب شدند و بر اساس آزمون‌های عصب روانشناختی برج لندن (Tower of London) و استروپ (Stroop) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند.یافته‌ها: افراد شاهد در دو آزمون برج لندن و استروپ، عمکرد بهتری داشتند (05/0 > P). گروه هروئین در آزمون برج لندن نسبت به گروه شیشه عملکرد بهتری داشتند (05/0 > P)؛ اما در آزمون استروپ، عملکرد دو گروه مصرف کننده‌ی شیشه و هروئین تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشت.نتیجه‌گیری: مصرف شیشه و هروئین در سیستم‌های فرونتا استریاتال، به خصوص قشر پره فرونتال و کارکردهای عصب روانشناختی (عملکردهای اجرایی)، نقایص بیشتر و دراز مدت نشان می‌دهد. با الهام از این یافته‌ها، می‌توان برنامه‌های توانبخشی شناختی تخصصی برای آماده‌سازی این افراد جهت ورود دوباره به زندگی فردی، شغلی و اجتماعی طراحی نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Executive Functions in Methamphetamine and Heroin Users versus Non-Users

نویسندگان [English]

Mehrdad Salehi ¹
Hamid Afshar ¹
Kamal Moghtadaei ²
Mahshid Taslimi ³
Mansoureh Salamat ⁴
Asieh Ebrahimi ⁵

¹ Associate Professor, Psychosomatic Research Center AND Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

² Psychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

³ Researcher, Psychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

⁴ Department of Psychology, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

⁵ Department of Psychometric, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Background: Substance abuse is an important worldwide health problem and also a brain disorder. The main aim of this research was the comparison of executive functions in methamphetamine and heroin users versus non-users.Methods: The research method of current study was Ex-post facto. The method of sampling in both methamphetamine and heroin group was purposeful; but non-users group has been selected randomly. Statistical population in this study was heroin and methamphetamine dependents or abusers in the Isfahan city, Iran, which were referred to medical rehabilitation centers and psychiatric clinics in this city in 2012. Finally, 75 patients were selected in the three equal (n = 25) groups, methamphetamine, heroin and non-users groups, according to criteria of drug abuse or dependence in DSM-IV-TR; they were evaluated based on the Tower of London and Stroop Neuropsychological Tests.Findings: The non-users group had better performance in the Tower of London and Stroop tests than substance dependents groups (P < 0.05). Heroin group show better performance than methamphetamine group in the Tower of London test (P < 0.05). However, these two groups did not show significant differences in the Stroop test.Conclusion: Methamphetamine and heroin use causes prefrontal cortex and executive dysfunctions and neurological disturbances in fronto-striatal systems function. According to our findings, we can design professional cognitive rehabilitation programs to rehabilitate them to be ready to comeback to personal, occupational and social life.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Executive functions
Methamphetamine
Heroin

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