سنتز miRNA و مکانیسم‌های تنظیمی

نوع مقاله : Review Article

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، مرکز تحقیقات بیماری‌های ارثی کودکان، گروه ژنتیک و بیولوژی مولکولی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات بیماری‌های ارثی کودکان، گروه ژنتیک و بیولوژی مولکولی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

miRNAها (microRNAها) به عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین عوامل تنظیمی بیان ژن در سال 1993 در کرم نماتد کشف شدند. این نقش تنظیمی بسیاری از فرایندهای مهم داخل سلولی مانند تکوین، تمایز، تکثیر و آپوپتوز را شامل می‌شود. miRNAها در زمره‌ی mRNAها هستند و مانند آن‌‌ها توسط RNA پلیمراز II رونویسی می‌شوند و سپس کلاهک و دم پلی A به آن‌ها متصل می‌شوند.  pri-miRNAحاصل توسط دو واکنش متوالی برشی به miRNA بالغ تبدیل می‌شود. miRNAها اثر تنظیمی خود را توسط سرکوب ترجمه، فعال‌سازی ترجمه و تخریب mRNAها اعمال می‌کنند. miRNA‌ها در تنظیم سیستم ایمنی و اعصاب، دارای نقش مهمی می‌باشند و اختلال در بیان آن‌ها، می‌تواند منجر به بیماری‌های جداگانه‌ی هر کدام از سیستم‌ها شود. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

miRNA, Biogenesis and Mechanisms of Regulations

نویسندگان [English]

  • Naeim Ehtesham 1
  • Mahdiyeh Modi 1
  • Majid Kheirollahi 2
1 MSc Student, Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

miRNAs(microRNAs) were discovered in 1993 in Caenorhabditis elegans as one of the most important gene expression regulatory factors. This regulatory role includes many of the important intracellular processes like genesis, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. miRNAs are among mRNAs and like them are transcribed by RNA polymerase II and then cap and polyA tail are added to them. The resulted pri-miRNA converts to mature miRNA by two sequential trimming reactions. miRNAs exerts their regulatory effects by translation repression, translation activation and mRNA degradation. miRNAshave an important role in regulation of immune and nervous systems and disorder in their expression can lead to separate disease in both systems.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • miRNA
  • Biogenesis
  • Regulations mechanism

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مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
دوره 32، شماره 296 - شماره پیاپی 296
مهر و آبان 1393
صفحه 1259-1268

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 02 اردیبهشت 1393
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 11 آبان 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 فروردین 1401

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