مقایسه‌ی اثربخشی روش‌های مختلف درمان در اختلال نقص توجه- بیش‌فعالی کودکان

مفتاق, سید داود; محمدی, نوراله; غنی‌زاده, احمد; رحیمی, چنگیز; نجیمی, آرش

مقایسه‌ی اثربخشی روش‌های مختلف درمان در اختلال نقص توجه- بیش‌فعالی کودکان

نوع مقاله : مقاله های پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ کارشناس ارشد، گروه روان‌شناسی بالینی، دانشکده‌ی روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

² دانشیار، گروه روان‌شناسی بالینی، دانشکده‌ی روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

³ دانشیار، گروه روان‌پزشکی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شیراز، شیراز، ایران

⁴ استادیار، گروه روان‌شناسی بالینی، دانشکده‌ی روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

⁵ کارشناس ارشد، گروه آموزش بهداشت، دانشکده‌ی بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: این مطالعه با هدف بررسی میزان اثربخشی و مقایسه‌ی سه روش درمانی آموزش رفتاری مادران، خودآموزی کلامی ‌به کودک و دارو درمانی، در درمان اختلال نقص توجه- بیش‌فعالی کودکان انجام شد.روش‌ها: در این مطالعه‌ی نیمه تجربی، 51 نفر از دانش‌آموزان پسر مدارس ابتدایی شهر شیراز و مبتلا به اختلال نقص توجه– بیش‌فعالی که در مطالعه‌ی مقدماتی از میان 1760 دانش‌آموز مورد غربالگری، شناسایی شدند به صورت تصادفی در سه گروه آموزش رفتاری مادران، خودآموزی کلامی‌ به کودکان و گروه شاهد تقسیم شدند. علاوه بر آن، 22 نفر از دانش‌آموزان به شیوه‌ی در دسترس انتخاب و در گروه دارو درمانی قرار گرفتند. همه‌ی گروه‌های مورد مطالعه پیش، پس از مداخله و 2 ماه پس از آن به وسیله‌ی پرسش‌نامه‌ی علایم مرضی کودک (CSI-4) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند.یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که نوع درمان تأثیر معنی‌داری بر میزان ارزیابی مادران از شدت بی‌توجهی (04/0 > P)، شدت بیش فعالی- تکانش‌گری (005/0 > P) و شدت کلی علایم اختلال (03/0 > P) در کودکان داشت. علاوه بر آن در طول زمان پی‌گیری تفاوت معنی‌داری بین گروه‌های مختلف مورد مطالعه در میزان ارزیابی مادران نشان دیده شد (001/0 > P).نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه نتایج این مطالعه در خصوص شدت بی‌توجهی کودکان روش خودآموزی کلامی، در خصوص شدت بیش‌فعالی– تکانش‌گری کودکان مداخله‌ی آموزش رفتاری مادران و در خصوص شدت کلی علایم اختلال نقص توجه- بیش‌فعالی کودکان دو روش آموزش رفتاری مادران و دارو درمانی مؤثرترین و کارامدترین روش‌های درمانی می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of the Effectiveness of different Treatment Methods in Child-ren’s Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorders

نویسندگان [English]

Sayyed Davood Meftagh ¹
Norallah Mohammadi ²
Ahmad Ghanizadeh ³
Changiz Rahimi ⁴
Arash Najimi ⁵

¹ Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

² Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

³ Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

⁴ Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

⁵ Department of Health promotion and Health education, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences,Isfa-han, Iran

چکیده [English]

Background: This study was designed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of three treating methods; namely mother’s behavioral education, Verbal self-instruction to the children, and Pharmacotherapy in children’s attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 51 elementary students with ADHD were randomly divided to three treatment groups including mothers’ behavioral education, verbal self-instruction to the children, and control group. Moreover, 22 students with ADHD were selected among the patients referring to Hafez hospital and were put in pharmacotherapy group. Data collection tool was Child Symptoms Inventory (CSI-4). All of the subjects were evaluated by CSI-4 before and after the intervention and also 2 months later, i.e in follow up period.Findings: The results show significant differences between the groups in mother’s evaluation of attention deficit (P = 0.04), the severity of hyperactivity-impulsivity (P = 0.005), and the general/total severity of the symptoms of disorder (P = 0.03). Conclusion: The most effective treatment for the severity of attention deficit in children is verbal self-instruction. The severity of hyperactivity-impulsivity is best treated using mother’s behavioral education. Considering the result obtained in the case of general severity of symptoms in children’s ADHD, mother’s behavior education and pharmacotherapy _were the most effective and useful treatment methods.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder
Mother’s behavioral education
Verbal self-instruction
Pharmacotherapy

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