تأثیر مداخله‌ی ‌مبتنی بر مدرسه در مقایسه با مداخله‌ی ‌مبتنی بر خانواده بر کاهش وزن و نمایه‌ی توده‌ی بدنی دانش‌آموزان چاق و دارای اضافه وزن دانش‌آموزان پسر 12-6 ساله در شهر یزد

نوع مقاله : مقاله های پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پزشکی اجتماعی، گروه پزشکی اجتماعی و خانواده، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 دستیار، گروه پزشکی اجتماعی و خانواده، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: مطالعه‌ی حاضر با هدف مقایسه‌ای تأثیر مداخله‌ی ‌مبتنی ‌بر ‌مدرسه با مداخله‌ی ‌مبتنی بر خانواده بر کاهش وزن و نمایه‌ی ‌توده‌ی بدنی (Body mass index یا BMI) دانش‌آموزان چاق و دارای اضافه ‌وزن صورت‌ گرفت.روش‌ها: مطالعه‌ی نیمه تجربی ‌حاضر، بر روی 137 نفر از دانش‌آموزان پسر چاق یا دارای اضافه‌وزن 12-6 ساله در سه ‌مدرسه از شهر یزد در سال‌های 98-1397 انجام شد. از بین سه مدرسه‌ی انتخابی، به طور تصادفی و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار Random systematic مدرسه‌ی اول در گروه ‌مداخله‌ی ‌مبتنی بر مدرسه و مدرسه‌ی دوم در گروه‌ مداخله‌ی ‌مبتنی بر خانواده قرار گرفتند و تحت مداخله ‌توسط کارشناس‌ تغذیه، طی 6 جلسه‌ی 2 ساعته مورد آموزش قرار ‌گرفتند. مدرسه‌ی سوم، به عنوان گروه شاهد در نظر گرفته شد و دانش‌آموزان آن، تحت هیچ آموزشی قرار نگرفتند. وزن، BMI، عادات‌ غذایی و فعالیت ‌فیزیکی دانش‌آموزان قبل و 6 ماه پس‌ از ‌مداخله ارزیابی و ثبت‌ شد و در بین سه‌ گروه مورد مقایسه قرار‌ گرفت.یافته‌ها: بین گروه‌های سه ‌گانه‌ی مورد پژوهش، در فعالیت ‌بدنی (307/11 = F، 2 = df و 001/0 > P)، وضعیت‌ تغذیه (868/11 = F، 2 = df و 001/0 > P)، وزن (667/9 = F، 2 = df و 001/0 > P) و BMI (854/13 = F، 2 = df و 001/0 > P) تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود ‌داشت. به علاوه، تأثیر گروه ‌مداخله‌ی ‌مبتنی بر خانواده نسبت به گروه‌ مداخله‌‌ی مبتنی بر مدرسه به مراتب بیشتر و قابل‌ ملاحظه‌تر بود (050/0 > P).نتیجه‌گیری‌: بر طبق نتایج ‌مطالعه‌ی ‌حاضر، اگر چه هر دو مداخله‌ی ‌آموزشی تأثیر مثبتی بر افزایش فعالیت بدنی و بهبود عادات تغذیه‌ای و کاهش ‌وزن و BMI داشته‌اند، اما میزان اثر مداخله‌ی ‌آموزشی ‌مبتنی ‌بر ‌مدرسه در مقایسه با مداخله‌ی ‌آموزشی‌ مبتنی ‌بر ‌خانواده ‌کمتر بوده ‌است. بنابراین، آموزش‌ مبتنی‌ بر‌ خانواده بهترین نوع‌ مداخله‌ی ‌آموزشی جهت افزایش فعالیت ‌بدنی، بهبود عادات ‌غذایی، کنترل یا کاهش‌ وزن و کاهش BMI در دانش‌آموزان 12-6 ساله‌ی شهر یزد بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of School-Based versus Family-Based Intervention on Weight Loss and Body Mass Index in Obese and Overweight 6-12-Years-Old Boy Students in Yazd City, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Armindokht Shahsanai 1
  • Somayeh Shamsaee 1
  • Reza Valagohar 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2 Resident, Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background: The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of school-based versus family-based intervention on weight loss and body mass index (BMI) in obese and overweight students.Methods: The present quasi-experimental study was performed on 137 obese or overweight boy students aged 6-12 years at three schools in Yazd City, Iran, during the years 2018-2019. Of the three selected schools, the first and second schools were randomly assigned to the school-based and family-based intervention groups, respectively, and were trained by a nutritionist for six two-hour sessions. The third school was considered as the control group, and received no training. Weight, BMI, eating habits, and the level of physical activity of students were assessed, recorded, and compared before and six months after the intervention.Findings: There was a significant difference among the three groups regarding the level of physical activity (F = 11.307, df = 2, P < 0.001), eating habits (F = 11.868, df =2, P < 0.001), weight (F = 9.667, df = 2, P < 0.001), and BMI (F = 13.854, df = 2, P < 0.001). In addition, the effect of family-based intervention was significantly higher than that of the school-based intervention (P < 0.050).Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, although both training interventions had a positive effect on increasing physical activity, improving eating habits, and reducing weight loss and BMI, the effect of school-based training intervention was less than that of the family-based training intervention. Therefore, family-based training intervention can be regarded as the best type of intervention to increase physical activity, improve eating habits, control or reduce weight, and reduce BMI in 6-12-years-old students in Yazd City.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Body Mass Index
  • Education
  • Exercise
  • Feeding behavior
  • Schools
  • Family
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