مروری بر نیازهای آموزشی بهداشت باروری و جنسی نوجوانان ایرانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 استاد بهداشت باروری، گروه مامایی و بهداشت باروری، دانشکده‌ی پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری بهداشت باروری، کمیته‌ی تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشکده‌ی پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری بهداشت باروری، دفتر تحقیقات و فن‌آوری دانشجویی، دانشکده‌ی پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: بهداشت باروری نوجوانان، یکی از اولویت‌های بهداشتی جهان می‌باشد. بهداشت باروری نوجوانان، بر جنبه‌های سلامت، شکل‌گیری عقاید و توسعه‌ی اجتماعی- اقتصادی جامعه اثر می‌گذارد. در جوامعی مانند ایران که نوجوانان بخش بزرگی از جمعیت را تشکیل می‌دهند، این موضوع اهمیت خاصی دارد. رسیدن به اهداف بهداشت باروری بدون آگاهی، بینش و مشارکت نوجوانان امکان پذیر نیست و آگاه شدن صحیح از مسایل بلوغ و بهداشت باروری- جنسی، مانع بروز بسیاری مشکلات مخاطره‌آمیز می‌شود. هدف از انجام این مطالعه‌ی مروری، بررسی نیازهای آموزشی بهداشت باروری و جنسی نوجوانان ایرانی بود.روش‌ها: این مطالعه‌ی مروری، با استفاده از کلمات کلیدی نوجوان ایرانی، بلوغ، رفتار جنسی، سلامت جنسی، بهداشت باروری و جنسی در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی معتبر علمی، مطالعات مرتبط ایرانی انتشار یافته طی سال‌های 94-1370 را مورد بررسی قرار داد. از 52 مقاله‌ی کیفی و کمی جستجو شده، 37 مقاله‌ی مرتبط با هدف که دارای معیارهای ورود به مطالعه بودند، مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند.یافته‌ها: نیازها و مسایل باروری- جنسی نوجوانان را می‌توان در سه حیطه‌ی اصلی گنجانید: نوجوانان (آگاهی و نگرش نوجوانان، منابع اطلاعاتی)، خانواده و مدرسه (نقش والدین و معلمان، محتوای برنامه آموزشی، زمان و طریقه‌ی اجرای آموزش) و اسلام. از مسایل قابل توجه این دوران، کسب اطلاعات نادرست و منابع اطلاعاتی غیر موثق، عدم آگاهی نوجوانان و والدین از نیازهای بهداشت باروری و دستورهای دینی می‌باشند. نیاز به آموزش مناسب مسایل جنسی و بلوغ برای نوجوانان، خانواده‌ها و حتی معلمین نیز بیان شده است.نتیجه‌گیری: متأسفانه به علت وجود شرم و حیا، تابوها و اعتقادات فرهنگی- اجتماعی موجود در جامعه، آموزش‌های مناسب بهداشت باروری- جنسی برای نوجوانان در محیط خانواده و مدرسه و نیز گنجاندن این مطالب در کتب درسی مورد غفلت واقع شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Review of Iranian Adolescents' Educational Needs for Sexual and Reproductive Health

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masoumeh Simbar 1
  • Shiva Alizadeh 2
  • Mahbobeh Hajifoghaha 3
  • Samira Golezar 2
1 Professor, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 PhD Candidate, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3 PhD Candidate, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background: One of the global reproductive health priorities is adolescent reproductive health. Adolescents' reproductive health affects health aspects, formation of beliefs and socio-economic development of the society. In Iran, as the adolescents form a large part of the population, this issue has a special importance. Achieving the reproductive health goals is not possible without the knowledge, attitude and participation; and getting aware properly from puberty and sexual and reproductive health issues prevents many problems that can be risks. This study aimed to review the educational needs of Iranian adolescents for sexual and reproductive health.Methods: In this review study, using keywords Iranian adolescent, puberty, sexual behavior, sexual health and sexual and reproductive health, Iranian related studies were searched in scientific databases from 1998 to 2015. Out of 52 qualitative and quantitative articles, 37 articles related to our aim according to the inclusion criteria of this review article, were studied.Findings: Adolescent sexual reproductive needs and problems were integrated in three main domains: adolescents' domain (knowledge and attitude, information sources), school and family domain (role of parents and teachers, the content of the curriculum, time and manner of curriculum’s implementation) and Islam domains. The significant issues in this period were incorrect learning and unreliable sources of information, unawareness of adolescents, their parents and teachers from reproductive health needs, and religious orders.Conclusion: Unfortunately, because of the shame, taboos, and cultural and social beliefs in society, appropriate education of sexual reproductive health for adolescents had been neglected in family and school. Besides, these issues did not inserted in textbooks.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Iranian adolescents
  • Reproductive health
  • Puberty
  • Sexual health

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مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
دوره 34، شماره 412 - شماره پیاپی 412
بهمن و اسفند 1395
صفحه 1563-1572

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 07 شهریور 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 11 آبان 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 فروردین 1401

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