وضعیت بهره‌مندی زنان میان‌سال متأهل از خدمات سلامت جنسی؛ یک مطالعه‌ی مقطعی

نوع مقاله : مقاله های پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، کمیته‌ی تحقیقات دانشجویی، گروه مامایی و بهداشت باروری، دانشکده‌ی پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات مامایی و بهداشت باروری و گروه مامایی و بهداشت باروری، دانشکده‌ی پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

3 استاد، گروه پرستاری، دانشکده‌ی علوم پزشکی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

4 استاد، مرکز تحقیقات مامایی و بهداشت باروری و گروه مامایی و بهداشت باروری، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: سلامت جنسی در تمام عمر مهم است. با این حال، عمده‌ی تحقیقات و برنامه‌های بهداشتی در سنین باروری بوده و تحقیقات کمی به بررسی وضعیت سلامت جنسی زنان در میان‌سالی پرداخته است. این تحقیق، با هدف تعیین وضعیت بهره‌مندی زنان میان‌سال متأهل از خدمات سلامت جنسی انجام شد.روش‌ها: مطالعه‌ی مقطعی حاضر، در سال 1395 بر روی 326 زن میان‌سال 65-40 ساله در شهر گرگان انجام شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از پرسش‌نامه‌ی محقق ساخته‌ی پایا و روا در سه بخش دموگرافیک و مراقبت از سلامت جنسی، منابع کسب اطلاعات و محل مراجعه برای حل مشکلات جنسی جمع‌آوری گردید. داده‌ها در سطح معنی‌داری 050/0 > P با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS و آزمون‌های توصیفی، پارامتریک و غیر پارامتریک تجزیه و تحلیل شد.یافته‌ها: 9/46 درصد زنان هرگز برای معاینه‌ی پستان مراجعه نکرده بودند. 9/43 درصد آنان هر 5 سال یک بار آزمایش دهانه‌ی رحم انجام نمی‌دادند. 1/41 درصد برای حل مشکل سلامت جنسی خود به مراکز بهداشتی و یا درمانی مراجعه می‌کردند. 1/22 درصد افراد، هرگز سؤالات سلامت جنسی خود را از کارکنان بهداشتی نمی‌پرسیدند. مهم‌ترین منابع کسب اطلاعات به ترتیب کارکنان بهداشتی زن (60 درصد)، کتاب‌ها و مجلات (8/32 درصد) و سپس دوستان (8/19 درصد) بودند. برخی مشخصات دموگرافیک و باروری با نمره‌ی مراقبت جنسی مرتبط بود (050/0 > P).نتیجه‌گیری: وضعیت مراقبت و بهره‌مندی از خدمات سلامت جنسی در زنان میان‌سال مطلوب نبوده و نیازمند توجه بیشتری است. انجام مطالعات کیفی، جهت بررسی عمیق و مبتنی بر بستر عوامل مؤثر پیشنهاد می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Sexual Health Care Utilization in Married Middle Aged Women; A Cross-Sectional Study

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sedigheh Moghasemi 1
  • Giti Ozgoli 2
  • Fazlollah Ahmadi 3
  • Maasoumeh Simbar 4
1 PhD Student, Student Research Committee, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center AND Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Nursing, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
4 Professor, Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center AND Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background: Sexual health is important in life course, but major researches and health programs are focused on reproductive age. This study aimed to assess sexual health care utilization in married middle aged women.Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on 326 middle-aged women (40 to 65 years old) in 2016 in Gorgan City, Iran, using Quota sampling. Data were gathered using researcher-made valid and reliable questionnaire including three parts of demographic and sexual health care, source of information, and place for sexual health help-seeking. Data were analyzed using descriptive, parametric, and nonparametric statistic tests via SPSS software at the significant level of P< 0.05.Findings: 46.9% of subjects did not have any clinical breast exam. 43.9% of them did not have Pap smear even every 5 years. 41.1% were referred to health centers for their sexual problems. 22.1% never asked their sexual problems from health care providers. The most important sexual health information sources were female health care providers (60%), books/magazines (32.8%), and friends (19.8%). Some demographic and reproductive characteristics were related to sexual health care score (P < 0.050).Conclusion: Sexual health status and utilization of sexual healthcare services in middle-aged women is not suitable and needs more attention. Conducting qualitative studies in order to deep evaluation of barriers and facilitating factors in a context-based approach is suggested.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sexual health
  • Middle aged
  • Women's health services
  • Help-seeking behavior

مراجع

  1. World Health Organization. Sexual and reproductive health: Defining sexual health [Online]. [cited 2010]; Available from: URL:http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/sexual_health/sh_definitions/en/
  2. Department of Health (United Kingdom). A framework for sexual health improvement in England [Onine]. [cited 2013 Mar 15]; Available from: URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/a-framework-for-sexual-health-improvement-in-england
  3. Lachman ME. Development in midlife. Annu Rev Psychol 2004; 55: 305-31.
  4. Lusti-Narasimhan M, Beard JR. Sexual health in older women. Bull World Health Organ 2013; 91(9): 707-9.
  5. Statistical Center of Iran. Population and housing census, 2016 [Online]. [cited 2017]; Available from: URL: https://www.amar.org.ir/english/Population-and-Housing-Censuses
  6. Bostani Khalesi Z, Ghanbari Khanghah A. Perception and experience of married women of reproductive age about the importance of sexual health education: A content analysis study. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infert 2015; 18(172): 7-17. [In Persian].
  7. Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Introduction to Comprehensive Midlife Health Services [Online]. [cited 2017]; Available from: URL: http://phc.mui.ac.ir/fa/node/3512
  8. Binfa L, Pantoja L, Gonzalez H, Ransjo-Arvidson AB, Robertson E. Chilean midwives and midwifery students' views of women's midlife health-care needs. Midwifery 2011; 27(4): 417-23.
  9. Moreira ED, Jr., Brock G, Glasser DB, Nicolosi A, Laumann EO, Paik A, et al. Help-seeking behaviour for sexual problems: the global study of sexual attitudes and behaviors. Int J Clin Pract 2005; 59(1): 6-16.
  10. Vahdaninia M, Montazeri A, Goshtasebi A. Help-seeking behaviors for female sexual dysfunction: a cross sectional study from Iran. BMC Womens Health 2009; 9: 3.
  11. Beigi M, Fahami F, Hasanzahraei R, Arman S. Sexual dysfunction in menopause. J Isfahan Med Sch 2008; 26(90): 294-300. [In Persian].
  12. Nazarpour S, Simbar M, Tehrani FR. Factors affecting sexual function in menopause: A review article. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 55(4): 480-7.
  13. Blumel JE, Chedraui P, Baron G, Belzares E, Bencosme A, Calle A, et al. Sexual dysfunction in middle-aged women: a multicenter Latin American study using the Female Sexual Function Index. Menopause 2009; 16(6): 1139-48.
  14. Allahverdipour H, Emami A. Perceptions of cervical cancer threat, benefits, and barriers of Papanicolaou smear screening programs for women in Iran. Women Health 2008; 47(3): 23-37.
  15. Polit DF, Beck CT, Owen SV. Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of content validity? Appraisal and recommendations. Res Nurs Health 2007; 30(4): 459-67.
  16. STROBE Statement. Strengthening the reporting of Observational studies in epidemiology [Online]. [cited 2017]; Available from: URL: https://www.strobe-statement.org/index.php?id=strobe-home
  17. Khodakarami N, Farzaneh F, Yavari P, Khayamzadeh M, Taheripanah R, Esmaeil Akbari M. The new guideline for cervical cancer screening in low risk Iranian women. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil 2014; 17(95): 8-17.
  18. Asgarian F, Mirzaei M, Asgarian S, Jazayeri M. Epidemiology of breast cancer and the age distribution of patients over a period of ten years. Iran J Breast Dis 2016; 9(1): 31-6. [In Persian].
  19. Aghajani H, Eatemad K, Goya M, Ramezani R, Modirian M, Nadali F. Iranian annual of national cancer registration report 2008-2009. Tehran, Iran: Ministry of Health and Medical education; 2011. [In Persian].
  20. Naghibi SA, Shojaizadeh D, Yazdani Cherati J, Montazeri A. Breast cancer preventive behaviors among iranian women: A systematic review. Payesh Health Monit 2015; 14(2): 181-91. [In Persian].
  21. Practice Bulletin No. 157: Cervical cancer screening and prevention. Obstet Gynecol 2016; 127(1): e1-e20.
  22. Pakgohar M, Sabetghadam S, Vasegh Rahimparvar SF, Kazemnejad A. Quality of life (QoL) and help-seeking in postmenopausal women with urinary incontinence (UI): A population based study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2014; 59(2): 403-7.
  23. van Lankveld J. Self-help therapies for sexual dysfunction. J Sex Res 2009; 46(2-3): 143-55.
  24. Maticka-Tyndale E, Shirpak KR, Chinichian M. Providing for the sexual health needs of Canadian immigrants: the experience of immigrants from Iran. Can J Public Health 2007; 98(3): 183-6.
  25. Dyer K, das Nair R. Why don't healthcare professionals talk about sex? A systematic review of recent qualitative studies conducted in the United kingdom. J Sex Med 2013; 10(11): 2658-70.
  26. Latifnejad RR, Javadnoori M, Hasanpour M, Hazavehei SM, Taghipour A. Socio-cultural challenges to sexual health education for female adolescents in Iran. Iran J Reprod Med 2013; 11(2): 101-10.
  27. Rafaei Shirpak K, Chinichian M, Eftekhar Ardebili H, Pour Reaz A, Ramzankhani A. Need assessment: Sexual health education in family planning centers, Tehran, Iran. Payesh 2010; 9(3): 251-60. [In Persian].
  28. Buvat J, Glasser D, Neves RC, Duarte FG, Gingell C, Moreira ED, Jr. Sexual problems and associated help-seeking behavior patterns: Results of a population-based survey in France. Int J Urol 2009; 16(7): 632-8.
  29. Nasirian M, Baneshi MR, Kamali K, Haghdoost AA. Population-based survey on STI-associated symptoms and health-seeking behaviours among Iranian adults. Sex Transm Infect 2016; 92(3): 232-9.
مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
دوره 35، شماره 455 - شماره پیاپی 455
آذر و دی 1396
صفحه 1640-1647

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 21 خرداد 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 12 آبان 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 فروردین 1401

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار