نقش فعالیت بدنی و ورزش در پیش‌گیری از بیماری‌های مزمن غیر واگیر در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده‌ی تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 استاد، گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده‌ی ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: بیماری‌های مزمن غیر واگیر (Non-communicable diseases یا NCDs) به عنوان یکی از بزرگ‌ترین مشکلات بهداشتی در ایران مطرح است. هدف اصلی این مطالعه، مروری بر آخرین یافته‌های علمی در مورد آثار فیزیولوژیکی، عملکردی و مکانیسم‌های مرتبط فعالیت بدنی و ورزش با پیش‌گیری از بیماری‌های مزمن غیر واگیر و در نهایت، راهبردهای توسعه‌ی فعالیت بدنی بود.روش‌ها: در این مطالعه‌ی مروری نقلی، مقالات مرتبط با موضوع از متون منتشر شده و سایت‌های معتبر با استفاده از کلید واژه‌های فعالیت بدنی، فعالیت ورزشی، بیماری‌های مزمن غیر واگیر و ایران انتخاب شدند و مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند.یافته‌ها: سطح پایین فعالیت بدنی به عنوان چهارمین عامل مرگ و میر در جهان شناخته شده است. فعالیت بدنی منظم، از بیماری‌های قلبی- عروقی، دیابت نوع 2، برخی سرطان‌ها، فشار خون بالا، چاقی و افسردگی جلوگیری می‌کند. بر اساس آخرین مطالعه‌های ملی، شیوع بی‌تحرکی جسمانی در بزرگسالان از 1/35 درصد به 1/39 درصد افزایش یافته است. فعالیت بدنی و ورزش، از مداخله‌های اصلی برای پیش‌گیری از این بیماری‌ها محسوب می‌شوند.نتیجه‌گیری: به نظر می‌رسد هنگامی که بخشی از برنامه‌ی مدیریت پیش‌گیری و درمان، فعالیت بدنی و ورزش باشد، چاقی، بیماری‌های قلبی- عروقی، سرطان و دیابت نوع 2، به میزان زیادی بهبود می‌یابند. شواهد اپیدمیولوژیک و بالینی قوی، نشان می‌دهند فعالیت بدنی، خطر ابتلا به بیش از 35 اختلال مختلف را کاهش می‌دهد و یکی از در دسترس‌ترین و کم‌هزینه‌ترین روش‌های پیش‌گیری از بسیاری از موارد مرگ و ناتوانی ناشی از بیماری‌های غیر واگیر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Role of Physical Activity and Exercise in Prevention of Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Hossein Olamazadeh 1
  • Mohammad Faramarzi 2
1 PhD Student, Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Sports Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Sports Sciences, School of Literature and Human Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background: Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCD) are of the biggest health problems in Iran. The main purpose of this article was to review the latest scientific findings on physiological and functional effects, and mechanisms related to physical activity and exercise by preventing non-communicable chronic diseases, and finally, developing strategies of physical activity.Methods: In this narrative review study, published articles about the subject were gathered from valid websites and databases with key words of physical activity, exercise, non-communicable chronic diseases, and Iran.Findings: A low level of physical activity has been identified as the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Regular physical activities would prevent cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, some cancers, high blood pressure, obesity, and depression. According to the latest national studies on risk factors of non-communicable disease in Iran, being sedentary has increased in adults from 35.0% to 39.1%. Physical activities and exercise are the main interventions to prevent these diseases.Conclusion: It seems that obesity, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and type 2 diabetes are greatly improved, when a part of the prevention and treatment program is physical activity and exercise. Strong epidemiological and clinical evidence suggest that physical activity reduces the risk of more than 35 different disorders, and it is the most accessible and inexpensive way to prevent death and disability caused by non-communicable diseases.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Physical Activity
  • Exercise
  • Prevention health
  • Non-communicable chronic diseases

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مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
دوره 38، شماره 582 - شماره پیاپی 582
مرداد و شهریور 1399
صفحه 477-488

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 07 اردیبهشت 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 12 آبان 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 فروردین 1401

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