بررسی میزان دوز سطحی پوست و دوز مؤثر برای رادیوگرافی در بخش مراقبت‌های ویژه‌ی نوزادان

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 استاد، گروه فیزیک پزشکی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، ایران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه فیزیک پزشکی، دانشکده‌ی پیراپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کاشان، ایران

چکیده

در طول مدت بستری، برای نوزادان نارس (Premature) و یا بیمار بستری در بخش مراقبت‌های ویژه‌ی نوزادان (NICU یا Neonatal Intensive Care Unit)، تعداد زیادی رادیوگرافی انجام می‌شود. به دلیل آن که نوزادان اندازه‌ی کوچکی دارند، در هنگام رادیوگرافی، بخش بزرگی از آناتومی آنان در میدان تابش قرار می‌گیرد. از طرف دیگر نوزادان، نسبت به پرتو حساس‌تر از بالغین هستند و خطر سرطان ناشی از تابش در آن‌ها، 2 تا 3 برابر بیشتر از بالغین است. از این رو، ارزیابی پرتوهای رسیده به نوزادان، ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. محققان کمیت‌هایی نظیر دوز ورودی پوست (ESD یا Entrance surface dose)، دوز مؤثر (ED یا Effective dose)، Kerma (Kinetic energy released in material) و پرتوهای پراکنده را در بخش مراقبت‌های ویژه‌ی نوزادان اندازه‌گیری کرده، با مقادیر استاندارد پیشنهاد شده مقایسه کرده‌اند. بیشتر مطالعات انجام شده نشان می‌دهد که هر چند میزان پرتوهای رسیده به نوزادان کم است، ولی بنا بر اصل حداقل میزان منطقی دست‌یافتنی (As low as reasonably achievable یا ALARA)، باید تابش در حداقل ممکن نگه داشته شود. هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی تحقیقات موجود در این زمینه، ارایه‌ی راه‌کارها، بیان پیشنهادها و آموزش‌های لازم برای پرتوکاران و نیز کاهش دوز در ازای حصول تصاویر با کیفیت بالا در بخش مراقبت‌های ویژه‌ی نوزادان بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Entrance Surface and Collective Doses for Radiographic Examination in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

نویسندگان [English]

  • Daryoush Shahbazi-Gahrouei 1
  • Fahimeh Aminolroayaei 2
1 Professor, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2 MSc Student, Department of Medical Physics, School of Allied Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Premature or sick hospitalized infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) often receive a large number of radiographic examinations. Because of small size of neonates, a big part of their body is putted in radiation field during radiography. On the other hand, infants are more sensitive to radiation and their cancer risk is 2 or 3 times higher than that of adults. So, it seems that radiation dosimetry in the NICU is vital and important. Researchers have calculated the entrance surface dose (ESD), effective dose (ED), kinetic energy released in material (Kerma) and scatter radiation in neonatal intensive care unit. They emphasized that although radiation exposure in the neonatal intensive care unit is low but, because of neonates’ higher sensitivity, according to as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) law, the radiation should be kept as low as possible. This review article aimed to have a survey regarding measurement of radiation dose in the neonatal intensive care unit and to give some recommendations according to the literature for dose reduction. Overall, effort should be made to further lower patient doses while securing image quality. In addition, need to provide relevant education and training to staff is recommended. The outcomes are also useful to national and professional organizations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Entrance surface dose (ESD)
  • Collective dose (ED)
  • Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

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مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
دوره 33، شماره 354 - شماره پیاپی 354
آذر و دی 1394
صفحه 1730-1739

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 09 شهریور 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 11 آبان 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 فروردین 1401

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