Demographic Characteristics and Clinical Manifestations of Heart Failure Patients in the Northwest Population of Iran

Document Type : Original Article (s)

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

2 Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Cardiovascular Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Cardiovascular Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

Background:  Heart failure (HF) is a global public health issue. Although numerous studies have been conducted in various regions, such as Europe and the United States, there is limited information about the characteristics of this disease in Asian regions, particularly in Iran.
Methods: This study is retrospective descriptive-analytical research. Patients over 16 years old who were hospitalized with a diagnosis of HF at the Shahid Madani Cardiovascular Center, Tabriz, Iran, from April 2021 to August 2022 were selected for the study. The exclusion criteria included patients with preserved systolic function. The variables studied included demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and the type of HF (ischemic or non-ischemic), which were collected through a researcher-designed questionnaire.
Findings: Of the 519 patients studied, 66.9% were male and 33.1% were female. The mean age of the patients was 64.08 ± 13.6 years. The most common risk factors included hypertension (57%), coronary artery disease (CAD) (52%), and diabetes mellitus (DM) (36.2%). The most common clinical symptoms were shortness of breath (88%), orthopnea (36.1%), and gastrointestinal symptoms (20%). The mortality rate of the patients was 1.54%.
Conclusion: This study indicates that HF patients in Iran are younger on average than those in Western countries, with non-ischemic causes being more prevalent. These differences may be due to cultural, racial, and lifestyle-related risk factors in Iran. The significance of collecting this data lies in identifying high-risk groups and planning optimal treatment strategies.

Highlights

Maryam Chenaghlou: PubMed , Google Scholar

Haleh Bodagh: PubMed , Google Scholar

Razieh Parizad: PubMed , Google Scholar

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Golla MSG, Hajouli S, Ludhwani D. Heart failure and ejection fraction. Treasure Island FL: StatPearls Publishing; 2022.
  2. Lippi G, Sanchis-Gomar F. Global epidemiology and future trends of heart failure. AME Med J 2020; 5: 15.
  3. Emmons-Bell S, Johnson C, Roth G. Prevalence, incidence and survival of heart failure: a systematic review. Heart 2022; 108(17): 1351-60.
  4. Mensah GA, Fuster V, Murray CJ, Roth GA, Diseases GBoC, Collaborators R. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risks, 1990-2022. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023; 82(25): 2350-473.
  5. Zhang Y-B, Pan X-F, Chen J, Cao A, Xia L, Zhang Y, et al. Combined lifestyle factors, all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Epidemiol Community Health 2021; 75(1): 92-9.
  6. Fang Y, Xia J, Lian Y, Zhang M, Kang Y, Zhao Z, et al. The burden of cardiovascular disease attributable to dietary risk factors in the provinces of China, 2002–2018: a nationwide population-based study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2023; 37: 100784.
  7. Bozkurt B, Coats AJ, Tsutsui H, Abdelhamid M, Adamopoulos S, Albert N, et al. Universal definition and classification of heart failure: a report of the heart failure society of America, heart failure association of the European society of cardiology, Japanese heart failure society and writing committee of the universal definition of heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2021; 23(3): 352-80.
  8. Motie M, Evangelista LS, Lombardo D, Horwich TB, Hamilton M, Fonarow GC. Relationships between weight, adiposity, functional status, and left ventricle characteristics in overweight and obese patients with heart failure. J Diabetes Obes 2017; 4(2): 10.
  9. Kurmani S, Squire I. Acute heart failure: definition, classification and epidemiology. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2017; 14(5): 385-92.
  10. Abed AH, Naeem MA, Ali RJ, Nayyef FH, Nazar HM. The percentage of anemia in chronic kidney disease patients: a single center study. Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science 2023; 4(4): 318-34.
  11. Bui AL, Horwich TB, Fonarow GC. Epidemiology and risk profile of heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol 2011; 8(1): 30-41.
  12. Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, Casey Jr DE, Colvin MM, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA focused update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Failure Society of America. Circulation 2017; 136(6): e137-e61.
  13. Sulaiman K, Panduranga P, Al‐Zakwani I, Alsheikh‐Ali AA, AlHabib KF, Al‐Suwaidi J, et al. Clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of acute heart failure patients: observations from the Gulf acute heart failure registry (Gulf CARE). Eur J Heart Fail 2015; 17(4): 374-84.
  14. Kapoor JR, Kapoor R, Ju C, Heidenreich PA, Eapen ZJ, Hernandez AF, et al. Precipitating clinical factors, heart failure characterization, and outcomes in patients hospitalized with heart failure with reduced, borderline, and preserved ejection fraction. JACC Heart Fail 2016; 4(6): 464-72.
  15. Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, Casey DE, Drazner MH, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 62(16): e147-e239.
  16. Pasdar Y, Najafi F, Moradinazar M, Shakiba E, Karim H, Hamzeh B, et al. Cohort profile: Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease cohort study: the first cohort study in a Kurdish population. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 48(3): 682-683f.
  17. Ghaffari S, Pourafkari L, Tajlil A, Sahebihagh MH, Mohammadpoorasl A, Tabrizi JS, et al. The prevalence, awareness and control rate of hypertension among elderly in northwest of Iran. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2016; 8(4): 176-82.
  18. Buja A, Solinas G, Visca M, Federico B, Gini R, Baldo V, et al. Prevalence of heart failure and adherence to process indicators: which socio-demographic determinants are involved? Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 13(2): 238.
  19. Harikrishnan S, Bahl A, Roy A, Mishra A, Prajapati J, Nanjappa MC, et al. National heart failure registry, India: design and methods. Indian Heart J 2019; 71(6): 488-91.
  20. Cai A, Qiu W, Zhou Y, Feng Y, Chen J, Xia S, et al. Clinical characteristics and 1‐year outcomes in hospitalized patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: results from the China Cardiovascular Association Database‐Heart Failure Center Registry. Eur J Heart Fail 2022; 24(11): 2048-62.
  21. MacDonald MR, Tay WT, Teng THK, Anand I, Ling LH, Yap J, et al. Regional variation of mortality in heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction across Asia: outcomes in the ASIAN‐HF registry. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9(1): e012199.
  22. Lee SE, Lee H-Y, Cho H-J, Choe W-S, Kim H, Choi JO, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcome of acute heart failure in Korea: results from the Korean Acute Heart Failure Registry (KorAHF). Korean Circ J 2017; 47(3): 341-53.
  23. Givi M, Shafie D, Garakyaraghi M, Yadegarfar G, Roohafza HR, Ahmadi SA, et al. Patients characteristics and preliminary outcomes of heart failure registry in a middle-income country: Persian registry of cardiovascular disease/heart failure (PROVE/HF). Galen Med J 2018; 7: e1026.
  24. Law H, Dey S, Stewart W. Specificity of the Framingham Heart Failure Signs and Symptoms: Bridging the Gap Between Epidemiological Research and Clinical Practice. J Patient Cent Res Rev 2017; 4(3): 162.
  25. Shahim B, Kapelios CJ, Savarese G, Lund LH. Global public health burden of heart failure: an updated review. Card Fail Rev 2023; 9: e11.
  26. Bendary A, Hassanein M, Bendary M, Smman A, Hassanin A, Elwany M. The predictive value of precipitating factors on clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with decompensated heart failure: insights from the Egyptian cohort in the European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure long-term registry. Egypt Heart J 2023; 75(1): 16.
  27. Onwuchekwa AC, Asekomeh GE. Pattern of heart failure in a Nigerian teaching hospital. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2009; 5: 745-50.
  28. Norhammar A, Bodegard J, Vanderheyden M, Tangri N, Karasik A, Maggioni AP, et al. Prevalence, outcomes and costs of a contemporary, multinational population with heart failure. Heart 2023; 109(7): 548-56.
  29. Dokainish H, Teo K, Zhu J, Roy A, AlHabib KF, ElSayed A, et al. Heart failure in Africa, Asia, the Middle East and South America: the INTER-CHF study. Int J Cardiol 2016; 204: 133-41.
  30. Johansson I, Joseph P, Balasubramanian K, McMurray JJ, Lund LH, Ezekowitz JA, et al. Health-related quality of life and mortality in heart failure: the global congestive heart failure study of 23 000 patients from 40 countries. Circulation. 2021;143(22): 2129-42.
  31. Banerjee A, Pasea L, Chung SC, Direk K, Asselbergs FW, Grobbee DE, et al. A population‐based study of 92 clinically recognized risk factors for heart failure: co‐occurrence, prognosis and preventive potential. Eur J Heart Fail 2022; 24(3): 466-80.
  32. Khatibzadeh S, Farzadfar F, Oliver J, Ezzati M, Moran A. Worldwide risk factors for heart failure: a systematic review and pooled analysis. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168(2): 1186-94.
  33. Karaye KM, Dokainish H, ElSayed A, Mondo C, Damasceno A, Sliwa K, et al. Clinical profiles and outcomes of heart failure in five African countries: results from INTER-CHF study. Glob Heart 2021; 16(1): 50.
  34. Badran HM, Elgharably MA, Faheem N. Clinical characteristics and in-hospital outcome of heart failure in women: a single center registry from Egyptian cardiac care unit. Egypt Heart J 2019; 71: 30.
  35. Groenewegen A, Rutten FH, Mosterd A, Hoes AW. Epidemiology of heart failure. Eur J Heart Fai 2020; 22(8): 1342-56.
  36. Reyes EB, Ha J-W, Firdaus I, Ghazi AM, Phrommintikul A, Sim D, et al. Heart failure across Asia: same healthcare burden but differences in organization of care. Int J Cardiol 2016; 223: 163-7.
  37. Owusu I, Boakye Prevalence and aetiology of heart failure in patients seen at a teaching hospital in Ghana. J Cardiovasc Dis Diagn 2013; 1(5): 1-4.
  38. Sakata Y, Shimokawa H. Epidemiology of heart failure in Asia. Circulation Journal. 2013;77(9):2209-17.
  39. Chamberlain AM, Boyd CM, Manemann SM, Dunlay SM, Gerber Y, Killian JM, et al. Risk factors for heart failure in the community: differences by age and ejection fraction. Am J Med 2020; 133(6): e237-e48.
Journal of Isfahan Medical School
Volume 42, Issue 790
2nd Week, January
January and February 2025
Pages 988-994

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 18 July 2024
  • Accept Date: 24 November 2024

Share

How to cite

Statistics