Frequency Distribution of Risk Factors in Various Types of Soft Tissue Sarcomas

Document Type : Original Article(s)

Authors

1 Professor, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

2 School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

10.48305/jims.v43.i831.1133

Abstract

Background: Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are rare neoplasms that account for approximately 1 to 2 % of all adult malignancies. In this regard, this study aimed to assess the frequency distribution of risk factors in various types of STSs.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on medical reports of 100 patients with a definitive diagnosis of STS in the pathology department of Al-Zahra Hospital. Data, including age, gender, previous history of radiotherapy, previous history of receiving high-dose radiation during cancer treatment, disease recurrence, family history in first-degree relatives, exposure to chemical compounds, primary site, and STS type, were extracted from medical records and interviews. The Chi-square test was used for data analysis.
Findings: Among 100 patients, 46 were men and 54 were women. The most common STS types in men and women were myxoid liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma, with frequencies of 9 and 8, respectively. The most frequent STS type and primary site were liposarcoma (n = 16) and the retroperitoneum (n = 24), respectively. High-grade STSs were observed in 64% of patients. No significant difference was found among STSs regarding gender, history of radiotherapy, genetic disease, immunodeficiency disease, exposure to chemical compounds, or trauma (P > 0.05). A significant difference was observed among the different types of STSs regarding age, primary site, tumor grade, and disease recurrence (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: According to these findings, liposarcoma was the most common STS type. In addition, the different types of STSs were influenced by age and involved specific primary sites. Furthermore, the STS type may affect tumor grade and recurrence. However, the types of soft tissue sarcomas do not appear to be associated with gender, history of radiotherapy, genetic disease, immunodeficiency disease, exposure to chemical compounds, or trauma.

Highlights

Azar Baradaran: Google Scholar

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Slump J, Bastiaannet E, Halka A, Hoekstra HJ, Ferguson PC, Wunder JS, et al. Risk factors for postoperative wound complications after extremity soft tissue sarcoma resection: A systematic review and meta-analyses. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2019; 72(9): 1449-64.
  2. Ferrari A, Bisogno G, Macaluso A, Michela Casanova M, D'Angelo P, et al. Soft-tissue sarcomas in children and adolescents with neurofibromatosis type 1. Cancer 2007;109(7): 1402-16.
  3. Rouhani P, Fletcher CDM, Devesa SS, Toro JR. Cutaneous soft tissue sarcoma incidence patterns in the US: an analysis of 12,114 cases. Cancer 2008; 113(3): 616-27.
  4. Toro JR, Travis LB, Wu HJ, Zhu K, Fletcher CD, Devesa SS. Incidence patterns of soft tissue sarcomas, regardless of primary site, in the surveillance, epidemiology and end results program, 1978–2001: an analysis of 26,758 cases. Int J Cancer 2006; 119(12): 2922-30.
  5. Joshi D, Anderson JR, Paidas C, Breneman J, Parham DM, Crist W, Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee of the Children's Oncology Group. Age is an independent prognostic factor in rhabdomyosarcoma: a report from the Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee of the Children's Oncology Group. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2004; 42(1): 64-73.
  6. American Cancer Society. cancer.org Available from: https://acscmsstorage.blob.core.windows.net/cmsfiles/cacb8494.pdf
  7. Zambon P, Ricci P, Bovo E, Casula A, Gattolin M, Fiore AR, et al. Sarcoma risk and dioxin emissions from incinerators and industrial plants: a population-based case-control study (Italy). Environ Health 2007; 6: 19.
  8. Coindre JM. Grading of soft tissue sarcomas: review and update. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2006; 130(10): 1448-53.
  9. Penel N, Glabbeke MV, Mathoulin-Pelissier S, Judson I, Sleijfer S, Bui B, et al. Performance status is the most powerful risk factor for early death among patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma. Br J Cancer 2011; 104(10): 1544-50.
  10. Ruocco E, Tornesello ML, Gambardella A, Wolf R, Buonaguro FM. Kaposi’s sarcoma: etiology and pathogenesis, inducing factors, causal associations, and treatments: facts and controversies. Clin Dermatol 2013; 31(4): 413-422.
  11. Hui JYC. Epidemiology and etiology of sarcomas. Surg Clin North Am 2016; 96(5): 901-14.
  12. Bar Y, Merimsky O. Soft-tissue sarcoma following traumatic injury: case report and review of the literature. Front Oncol 2017; 7: 134.
  13. Camboni M, Hammond S, Martin LT, Martin PT. Induction of a regenerative microenvironment in skeletal muscle is sufficient to induce embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in p53‐deficient mice. J Pathol 2012; 226(1): 40-9.
  14. Burningham Z, Hashibe M, Spector L, Schiffman JD. The epidemiology of sarcoma. Clin Sarcoma Res 2012; 2(1): 14.
  15. Merletti F, Richiardi L, Bertoni F, Ahrens W, Buemi A, Costa-Santos C, et al. Occupational factors and risk of adult bone sarcomas: a multicentric case-control study in Europe. Int J Cancer 2006. 118(3): 721-8.
  16. Dezub BJ. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Kaposi's sarcoma: clinical features, staging. Semin Oncol 2000; 27(4): 424-30.
  17. Bhatia K, Shiels MS, Berg A, Engels EA. Sarcomas other than Kaposi sarcoma occurring in immunodeficiency: interpretations from a systematic literature review. Curr Opin Oncol 2012; 24(5): 537-46.
  18. Grandadam M, Dupin N, Calvez V, Gorin I, Blum L, Kernbaum S, et al. Exacerbations of Clinical Symptoms in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Typ 1Infected Patients with Multicentric Castleman's Disease Are Associated with a High Increase in Kaposi's Sarcoma Herpesvirus DNA Load in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. J Infect Dis 1997; 175(5): 1198-20
  19. Zhang Y, ChaoJJ, Liu XF, Qin SK. Type I neurofibromatosis with spindle cell sarcoma: A case report. World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019; 7(19): 3104-10.
  20. Uzoaru I, Podbielski FJ, Chou P, Raffensperger JG, Gonzalez-Crussi F. Familial adenomatous polyposis coli and clear cell sarcoma of the kidney. Pediatr Pathol 1993; 13(2): 133-41.
  21. Mack TM. Sarcomas and other malignancies of soft tissue, retroperitoneum, peritoneum, pleura, heart, mediastinum, and spleen. Cancer 1995; 75(1 Suppl): 211-44.
  22. de Gonzalez AB, Kutsenko A, Rajaraman P. Sarcoma risk after radiation exposure. Sarcoma risk after radiation exposure 2012; (1): 18.
  23. Potter DA, Kinsella T, Glatstein E, Wesley R, White DE, Seipp CA, et al. High‐grade soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities. Cancer 1986; 58(1): 190-205.
  24. Prosnitz LR, Maguire P, Anderson JM, Scully SP, Harrelson JM, Jones EL, et al. The treatment of high-grade soft tissue sarcomas with preoperative thermoradiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1999; 45(4): 941-9.
Journal of Isfahan Medical School
Volume 43, Issue 831
3rd Week November
November and December 2025
Pages 1133-1139

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 26 April 2025
  • Accept Date: 30 August 2025

Share

How to cite

Statistics