Journal of Isfahan Medical School

Journal of Isfahan Medical School

Investigating the Effect of Using a Double-Density Insole on the Frequency Spectrum of Ground Reaction Forces in Individuals with ACL Reconstruction and Pronated Feet at Different Time Intervals During Walking

Document Type : Original Article (s)

Authors
Ebrahim Piri 1
AmirAli Jafarnejadgro 2
Mahrokh Dehghani 3
, Afsaneh Enteshari-Moghaddam 4
1 PhD in Sports Biomechanics, Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
4 Associate Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran. Iran
10.48305/jims.v44.i864.0876
Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using double-density insoles on the frequency spectrum of ground reaction forces during walking in individuals with ACL reconstruction and foot pronation.
Methods: A total of 30 males with foot pronation and a history of ACL reconstruction, with a mean age of 25.45 ± 1.27 years, mean weight of 79.10 ± 1.75 kg, and mean height of 178.85 ± 3.68 cm, and 10 healthy males, with a mean age of 24.10 ± 1.54 years, mean weight of 80.48 ± 1.29 kg, and mean height of 177.10 ± 5.42 cm, volunteered to participate in this study. Ground reaction force frequency spectra were measured using a Bertsch America force plate. For statistical analysis, a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures was employed.
Results: The findings of this study showed that the insole factor significantly increased the number of necessary harmonics from pre-test to post-test in the vertical direction under the conditions of not using insoles (P = 0.044, d = 0.42) and placebo insoles (P = 0.049, d = 0.17).
Conclusion: These findings indicate that the type of insole and balance ability are influenced by the musculoskeletal condition and time elapsed since ACL reconstruction. Appropriate insole use may help improve dynamic stability in individuals following ACL reconstruction.

Highlights

Ebrahim Piri: Google Scholar , PubMed

Amir Ali Jafarnezhadgero: Google Scholar , PubMed

Mahrokh Dehghani: Google Scholar

Farhad Rezazadeh: Google Scholar

Keywords
Reconstruction
Anterior cruciate ligament
Walking
Pronated feet
Ground reaction force
Subjects
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Journal of Isfahan Medical School
Volume 44, Issue 864
4th Week,July
July and August 2026
Pages 876-888

  • Receive Date 08 September 2025
  • Accept Date 25 July 2026