Journal of Isfahan Medical School

Journal of Isfahan Medical School

Prevalence and Determinants of Thyroid Nodules in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Prediabetes in North Khorasan, Iran

Document Type : Original Article (s)

Authors
Faria Jafarzadeh 1
Abnoos Mokhtariardekani 2
Oktay Movassaghi 3
Mehrnaz Purtaji 4
Maryam Zakarian 5
Hossein Ghorbani 5
Rezvan Rajabzadeh 6
Maryam Tavakkoli 7
1 Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Science, & Physiology ResearchCenter, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
3 Internship, Department of medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
4 Department of Clinical Endocrinology and metabolism, Valiasr Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan university of medical sciences, Zanjan, Iran
5 General Practitioner, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
6 Assistant Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
7 Assistant Professor of Radiology, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
10.48305/jims.v44.i875.1533
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder with a rising prevalence. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of thyroid nodules and their associated risk factors in patients with glucose metabolism disorders compared to healthy individuals in North Khorasan.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 152 participants (82 diabetic/prediabetic patients and 70 healthy controls). Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory tests (fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, thyroid-stimulating hormone) were recorded. Thyroid ultrasonography was performed for all, and data were analyzed using logistic regression.
Results: The prevalence of nodules in the diabetic group (53.7%) was higher than the healthy group (31.4%) (p = 0.006). After adjusting for age, diabetes was associated with more than a twofold increase in the risk of nodules (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.05-4.27, p = 0.037). Significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding sex, age, weight, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone, but no differences were found in thyroid volume, echogenicity, calcification, and TIRADS scores.
Conclusion: The prevalence of thyroid nodules in diabetic and prediabetic patients is significantly higher. Routine thyroid ultrasound screening in this high-risk population is recommended for early detection and prevention of complications.

Highlights

Faria Jafarzadeh: Google Scholar ,PubMed

Maryam Zakarian: Google Scholar

Maryam Tavakkoli: Google Scholar ,PubMed

Rezvan Rajabzadeh: Google Scholar ,PubMed

Keywords
Thyroid Nodule
Type 2 Diabetes
Prediabetes
Hyperglycemia
Iran
Subjects
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Journal of Isfahan Medical School
Volume 44, Issue 875
2nd Week,October
September and October 2026
Pages 1533-1542

  • Receive Date 19 August 2026
  • Accept Date 29 August 2026