The Relationship of Kidney Cancer and Occupation in Isfahan Province, Iran; A Case-Control Study

Document Type : Original Article (s)

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

2 Student of Medicine, School of Medicine AND Students Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

3 Department of Professional Health, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Background: One of the most important environmental risk factors for kidney cancer is occupational exposure to chemical carcinogens. Since the Isfahan province is one of the major industrial centers in Iran and various chemical industries operating in the province, this study was conducted to determine the association of kidney cancer and occupation.Methods: This case-control study was conducted in 2012 in Isfahan, Iran. Patients with cancer diagnosed between 2002 and 2010 were considered as the case group (n = 180); one group of age and sex matched healthy persons were considered as controls (n = 452). Demographic and employment data were gathered from the hospital records of patients; in the absence of sufficient information, the patient's family was contacted. Findings: In the patient and control groups there were 24 and 44 labors, 24 and 101 employees, 46 and 114 self-employed, 58 and 123 households, 26 and 47 farmer and rancher, and 4 and 23 other jobs, respectively (P = 0.017). Of the case group, 34.4% and of the controls, 25.7% were in contact with chemical agents for more than 5 years in place of working (P = 0.027). In the patient group, 32.1% were in contact with fertilizer, 46.6% with color, and 14.3% with chemical warfare agents, while in the control group 21.1% were in contact with fertilizer, 12.8% with color, 14.7% with oil, and 14.7% with synthetic chemicals (P < 0.001).Conclusions: Exposure to various chemicals in patients with kidney cancer in Isfahan is one of the risk factors for kidney cancer. Given the known carcinogenic effects of various chemicals, it is necessary to assign specific rules and improve occupational health in industry regarding exposure of workers to chemical agents and to conduct periodical tests.

Keywords

References

  1. Pili R, Rodriguez R. Cancer of the kidney. In: Abeloff MD, Armitage JO, Lichter AS, Niederhuber JE, Kastan MB, Mckenna WG, editors. 1634. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2008. p. 1613-34.
  2. Clapp RW, Jacobs MM, Loechler EL. Environmental and occupational causes of cancer: new evidence 2005-2007. Rev Environ Health 2008; 23(1): 1-37.
  3. Pukkala E, Martinsen JI, Lynge E, Gunnarsdottir HK, Sparen P, Tryggvadottir L, et al. Occupation and cancer - follow-up of 15 million people in five Nordic countries. Acta Oncol 2009; 48(5): 646-790.
  4. Rushton L, Hutchings S, Brown T. The burden of cancer at work: estimation as the first step to prevention. Occup Environ Med 2008; 65(12): 789-800.
  5. Auperin A, Benhamou S, Ory-Paoletti C, Flamant R. Occupational risk factors for renal cell carcinoma: a case-control study. Occup Environ Med 1994; 51(6): 426-8.
  6. Pesch B, Haerting J, Ranft U, Klimpel A, Oelschlagel B, Schill W. Occupational risk factors for renal cell carcinoma: agent-specific results from a case-control study in Germany. MURC Study Group. Multicenter urothelial and renal cancer study. Int J Epidemiol 2000; 29(6): 1014-24.
  7. Wilson RT, Donahue M, Gridley G, Adami J, El GL, Dosemeci M. Shared occupational risks for transitional cell cancer of the bladder and renal pelvis among men and women in Sweden. Am J Ind Med 2008; 51(2): 83-99.
  8. McLaughlin JK. Renal cell cancer and exposure to gasoline: a review. Environ Health Perspect 1993; 101(Suppl 6): 111-4.
  9. Belldegrun AS, Klatte T, Shuch B, LaRochelle JC, Miller DC, Said JW, et al. Cancer-specific survival outcomes among patients treated during the cytokine era of kidney cancer (1989-2005): a benchmark for emerging targeted cancer therapies. Cancer 2008; 113(9): 2457-63.
Journal of Isfahan Medical School
Volume 31, Issue 229 - Serial Number 229
January and February 2013
Pages 305-313

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 10 April 2013
  • Revise Date:
  • Accept Date: 06 April 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics