The Effect of Neuropsychological Interventions by Optical Stimulus System on Color Recognitions in Children with Low Vision: A Single Subject Study

Document Type : Original Article (s)

Authors

1 MSc Student, Department of Bioelectrics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Bioelectrics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology and Education of Children with Special Needs, School of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

4 Psychiatrist, Tavakol Rehabilitation Center of Family and Low Vision and Blindness Children, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Background: Optic nerve lesions cause a group of visual impairment and especially low vision. Children with this defect have problems such as social isolation, lack of commitment to activities, increased dependence on others, and delayed cognitive development. In this research, we aimed to study the effect of neuropsychological interventions by using an optical stimulus system (OSS) (in the other words, applying special rehabilitation exercises) on visual performance, perception and recognition of light and color in children with low vision.Methods: In this study, visual acuity assessment was performed in response to the exercises based on the dependent variables of the single subject method on 5 children with low vision. First, 4 sessions of their baseline were measured, and then, 8 intervention session was conducted with the optical stimulator of rehabilitation exercises. Follow-up sessions were conducted to assess the effect of the exercises, and the mean of the percentage of non-overlapping data (PND) and percentage of overlapping data (POD) for variables were used to evaluate the effect of the exercises.Findings: Mean POD and PND scores for all subjects and for all variables were 92.5% and 7.5%, respectively. The average scores in the intervention phase increased by 14.84%, and the scores in the follow-up period were 13.73% higher than the baseline.Conclusion: The results showed improvement in the performance of all 5 children in the perception and recognition of light and color.

Keywords


  1. Dhana Lakshmi K. Role of teachers in enhancing visual efficiency of children with low vision through functional vision training. Int J Adv Res 2016; 4(6): 2090-3.
  2. Kermani S, Moazeni E, Tavakoli F, Kermani A. Design and implementation of optical stimulus system for rehabilitation and development of visual functions in children with low vision. Optik 2019; 198: 163210.
  3. Tailor VK, Abou-Rayyah Y, Brookes J, Khaw PT, Papadopoulos M, Adams GGW, et al. Quality of life and functional vision in children treated for cataract-a cross-sectional study. Eye (Lond) 2017; 31(6): 856-64.
  4. Dahlmann-Noor A, Tailor V, Abou-Rayyah Y, Adams G, Brookes J, Khaw PT, et al. Functional vision and quality of life in children with microphthalmia/anophthalmia/coloboma-a cross-sectional study. J AAPOS 2018; 22(4): 281-5.
  5. Li M, Zhu W, Sun X. New approaches to visual rehabilitation training for patients with visual field defects. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2015; 51(7): 552-6. [In Chinese].
  6. Trauzettel-Klosinski S. Current possibilities of visual rehabilitation. Ophthalmologe 2018; 115(10): 895-910. [In German].
  7. Dundon NM, Bertini C, Ladavas E, Sabel BA, Gall C. Visual rehabilitation: Visual scanning, multisensory stimulation and vision restoration trainings. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9: 192.
  8. Takahashi G, Otori Y, Urashima M, Kuwayama Y. Evaluation of quality of life in Japanese glaucoma patients and its relationship with visual function. J Glaucoma 2016; 25(3): e150-e156.
  9. AlDarrab A, Al Qurashi M, Al Thiabi S, Khandekar R, Edward DP. Functional visual ability and quality of life in children with glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 2019; 200: 95-9.
  10. Dahlmann-Noor A, Tailor V, Bunce C, Abou-Rayyah Y, Adams G, Brookes J, et al. Quality of life and functional vision in children with glaucoma. Ophthalmology 2017; 124(7): 1048-55.
  11. Wu N, Kong X, Gao J, Sun X. Vision-related quality of life in glaucoma patients and its correlations with psychological disturbances and visual function indices. J Glaucoma 2019; 28(3): 207-15.
  12. Shah P, Schwartz SG, Gartner S, Scott IU, Flynn HW. Low vision services: a practical guide for the clinician. Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2018; 10: 2515841418776264.
  13. Ramirez Estudillo JA, Leon Higuera MI, Rojas JS, Ordaz Vera ML, Pablo SY, Celis SB. Visual rehabilitation via microperimetry in patients with geographic atrophy: A pilot study. Int J Retina Vitreous 2017; 3: 21.
  14. Scuderi G, Verboschi F, Domanico D, Spadea L. Fixation improvement through biofeedback rehabilitation in stargardt disease. Case Rep Med 2016; 2016: 4264829.
  15. Ratra D, Gopalakrishnan S, Dalan D, Ratra V, Damkondwar D, Laxmi G. Visual rehabilitation using microperimetric acoustic biofeedback training in individuals with central scotoma. Clin Exp Optom 2019; 102(2): 172-9.
  16. Nyquist JB, Lappin JS, Zhang R, Tadin D. Perceptual training yields rapid improvements in visually impaired youth. Scientific Reports 2016; 6: 37431.
  17. Ratra D, Rakshit A, Ratra V. Visual rehabilitation using video game stimulation for stargardt disease. Ther Adv Ophthalmo1 2019; 11: 2515841419831158.
  18. Acton JH, Molik B, Binns A, Court H, Margrain TH. Effect of rehabilitation worker input on visual function outcomes in individuals with low vision: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2016; 17: 105.
  19. Arya SK, Kalia A, Pant K, Sood S. Low vision devices. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2010; 2(1): 74-7.
  20. Decarlo DK, McGwin G, Jr., Searcey K, Gao L, Snow M, Stevens L, et al. Use of prescribed optical devices in age-related macular degeneration. Optom Vis Sci 2012; 89(9): 1336-42.
  21. Kavitha V, Manumali MS, Praveen K, Heralgi MM. Low vision aid-A ray of hope for irreversible visual loss in the pediatric age group. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2015; 5(2): 63-7.